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(DACOWITS) 2014 Report The estimated cost of this report or study for the Department of Defense is approximately $784,000 in Fiscal Years 2014 - 2015. This includes $320,000 in expenses and $464,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2014Dec11 RefID: D-DAA5A2F DACOWITS Members Holly Hemphill, Committee Chair (through September 2014) Lieutenant General Frances Wilson, USMC, Retired, Committee Vice-Chair (through September 2014), Committee Chair (beginning September 2014) Chief Master Sergeant Bernise F. Belcer, USAF, Retired, Committee Vice-Chair (beginning September 2014) Teresa Christenson Fleet Master Chief Jacqueline L. K. DiRosa, USN, Retired Dr. Charlotte Dixon (Inducted June 2014) Captain Beverly Kelley, USCG, Retired The Reverend (Doctor) Cynthia Ramirez Lindenmeyer Major General John Macdonald, USA, Retired (Inducted June 2014) Force Master Chief Laura A. Martinez, USN, Retired (Inducted June 2014) Donna M. McAleer Monica Medina (Inducted June 2014) Rear Admiral Elizabeth M. Morris, USN, Retired Brian Morrison (Inducted June 2014) Lieutenant Colonel Hae-Sue Park, USA, Retired Major General Gale S. Pollock, USA, Retired Sergeant Major of the Army Kenneth O. Preston, USA, Retired (Inducted August 2014) Report contributors included the following DACOWITS staff COL Betty Yarbrough, Military Director and Designated Federal Officer (DFO), USA Jessica C. Myers, Deputy Director Robert Bowling, Operations Officer MSgt Tracey Stephens, Executive Support, USAF Courtney Carta, Insight Policy Research Brian Estes, Insight Policy Research Amy Falcone, ICF International Rachel Gaddes, Insight Policy Research Suzanne Lederer, ICF International Ashley Schaad, ICF International Prepared by Insight Policy Research ICF International (subcontractor) Table of Contents Executive Summary _____________________________________________________________i Wellness Recommendations i Assignments Recommendations iv Chapter 1: Introduction _________________________________________________________ 1 Chapter 2: Wellness Research and Recommendations _______________________________ 5 Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault Prevention and Response 5 Reproductive Health Care For Military Women 18 Chapter 3: Assignments Research and Recommendations __________________________ 23 Accessions of Enlisted Women 23 Effective and Full Integration of Women into Closed Positions and Units 33 Career Progression/Mentoring 47 Endnotes and Signature Page __________________________________________________ 55 Appendices __________________________________________________________________ 63 Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services Executive Summary The Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS), hereafter referred to as “the Committee” or “DACOWITS,” was established in 1951 with a mandate to provide the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) with independent advice and recommendations on matters and policies relating to service- women in the Armed Forces of the United States. Individual members of the Committee are appointed by the SECDEF and serve in a voluntary capacity for one- to four-year terms. It has been the Committee’s approach since 2010, and again in 2014, to divide work into two areas of focus: Wellness and Assignments. The Committee selected specific topics for study under each area of focus, and gathered both primary and secondary sources of information, including briefings from DoD and Service-level military representatives and subject matter experts (SMEs); data and other informa- tion collected from focus groups and interactions with Service members during installation visits; and literature reviews. These sources of information formed the basis for the Committee’s recommendations and reasoning. The Committee voted on recommendations during its September 2014 business meeting and approved this annual report at its December 2014 business meeting. Wellness Recommendations The Committee examined two Wellness topics in 2014: the prevention of sexual harassment and sexual assault, and reproductive health care. In addition, the Committee continued to monitor the DoD’s re- sponses to previous recommendations on these topics and assessed Service members’ perceptions of how military culture relates to the Wellness areas of interest. Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault Prevention and Response The Committee’s focus in 2014 included ways to prevent sexual harassment and sexual assault, follow- ing a long history of DACOWITS research on this topic. DACOWITS began operating under a revised charter in 2000; since then, the Committee has continued to be interested in sexual harassment and sexual assault, and has presented findings and recommendations on eliminating the barriers to report- ing these offenses in its 2004 annual report. In 2011, the Committee hosted focus groups among active duty Service members to inquire about the prevalence of sexual harassment and sexual assault, preven- tion programs, reporting procedures, and the impact that sexual harassment and sexual assault has on mission readiness. During the 2013 focus groups, the Committee examined the increased reports of sexual assaults at the Military Service Academies and the effectiveness of sexual harassment and sexual assault prevention programs. The Committee focused its 2014 efforts on initiatives aimed at preventing and responding to sexual harassment and sexual assault throughout the DoD and the Services. i DACOWITS made the following recommendations and identified the following areas of continuing con- cern, based on the reasoning below, to address the prevention of and response to sexual harassment and sexual assault. Recommendation 1: DoD should require the Services to publicize reports of sexual assault and their dispositions in a simple format accessible to a wide military audience, to be used in required training and other venues. Recommendation 2: DoD should require the Services to direct local commanders to publi- cize this same information, including information on reports and dispositions, at their spe- cific installations. Recommendation 3: Sexual assault case disposition information to be publicized should in- clude the number of reports and type of disciplinary actions taken as a result of sexual assault investigations. Reasons should be provided for cases in which no disciplinary action is taken. Reasoning These recommendations essentially repeat ones made by DACOWITS in 2011. Since that time, DACOWITS continues to hear in focus groups that Service members are often unaware of resulting disciplinary action (or other action) on reported sexual assaults. This lack of awareness results in Service members concluding that sexual assault offenses are disregarded and it may suggest to offenders that they are at little risk of being held accountable; it could also lead to a lack of confidence in the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) process. Consequently, unwillingness to report sexual assaults continues, as does a perceived lack of transparency within the process. The DoD Sexual Assault Prevention Strategy, endorsed by the Secretary of Defense on May 1, 2014, lists recommended actions consistent with our recommendations: “Publicizing the punishments for mis- conduct or criminal offenses consistent with law and Department of Defense regulations.” Additionally, the Strategy gives as an example of a deterrence tactic: “To the extent permissible by law and policy, publicizing court-martial results.” All offenders and victims need to understand thoroughly the reasons why, in some cases, disciplinary actions are not taken. There is a perception that when no punishment is imposed, the system has once again failed, the crime was never tried, and the offender was never held accountable for his or her ac- tions. In order to sustain the trust and confidence of our Service members, and to ensure that offenders are fully aware that they will be held accountable, commanders/commanding officers (COs) should share the reason(s) for their decisions. In summary, DACOWITS would like to see greater and more consistent attention given to publicizing sexual assault cases and their final dispositions at all levels up and down the chain of command. ii Executive Summary Executive Continuing Concern: Tracking of Members Who Have Committed Sex-Related Offenses Reasoning DACOWITS continues to be interested in initiatives and efforts to eliminate sexual assault in the military. One provision of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 requires that when a Service member is either convicted by a court-martial or receives non-judicial punishment or punitive administrative action for a sex-related offense, a notation to that result must be placed in the unrestricted portion of the member’s service record, regardless of the Service member’s rank. The purpose of the inclusion of this information in a service record is to alert future commanders if a Service member new to their command has committed such offenses. The law Introduction requires review of the personnel record notations by the CO. The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (OUSD(P&R)) requested that the Services develop their proce- dures and issue directives to comply with this requirement by August 22, 2014. DACOWITS believes that in order to address repeat crimes and reduce the incidences of sexual as- sault, the Services should keep track of those who commit sex-related offenses. During installation visits, military leaders relayed to DACOWITS that Service members with records of offenses might
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