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A Path Way of Disaster Risk Reduction Through Climate Change Adaptation in Aranayake, Sri Lanka (#495)

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A Path Way of Disaster Risk Reduction Through Climate Change Adaptation in Aranayake, Sri Lanka (#495) A Path way OF Disaster Risk Reduction through Climate Change Adaptation in Aranayake, Sri Lanka (#495) A Path way of Disaster Risk Reduction through Climate Change Adaptation in Aranayake, Sri Lanka Authors: Ms. Paridhi Rustogi – Young Professional Development Initiative Intern: GWP-SAS Ms. Kusum Athukorala, Senior Advisor, Sri Lanka Water Partnership (SLWP)/ Lanka Jalani and Regional Council Member GWP-SAS Editors: Mr. Kenge James Gunya - Knowledge Management Officer: GWP Global Secretariat Mr. Lal Induruwage - Regional Coordinator (GWP-SAS): Regional Office, Colombo, Sri Lanka Mr. Ranjith Ratanayake, Country Coordinator, Sri Lanka Water Partnership (SLWP)/Lanka Jalani Mr. Thakshila Dilhan Premaratne from SLWP provided special contribution. The views expressed in this case study do not necessarily represent the official views of GWP. July 2018 www.gwp.org/ToolBox About Global Water Partnership The Global Water Partnership’s vision is for a water secure world. Our mission is to advance governance and management of water resources for sustainable and equitable development. GWP is an international network that was created in 1996 to foster the implementation of integrated water resources management: the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources in order to maximize economic and social welfare without compromising the sustainability of ecosystems and the environment. The GWP Network is open to all organizations that recognize the principles of integrated water resources management endorsed by the Network. It includes states, government institutions (national, regional, and local), intergovernmental organizations, international and national non-governmental organizations, academic and research institutions, private sector companies, and service providers in the public sector. The Network has 13 Regional Water Partnerships, 85 Country Water Partnerships, and more than 3,000 Partners located in 182 countries. Global Water Partnership (GWP), Global Secretariat, PO Box 24177, 104 51 Stockholm, Sweden Phone: +46 (0)8 1213 8600, Email: [email protected], Facebook.com/globalwaterpartnership, Twitter@gwpnews Water Resource Perspective Page 2 of 16 February 2018 Table of Contents 1. Background .................................................................................................................................4 2. Description of the Problem ..........................................................................................................5 2.1. Study Area ....................................................................................................................5 2.2. Water Security Related Challenges in Aranayake…………………………………….6 3. Decisions and Actions Taken……………………………………………………………………7 3.1. Ma Oya Area Water Partnership ………………………………………………….…..8 4. Activities in Aranayake Schools……………………………………………………………..…9 Phase I……………………………………………………………………………………..9 A) Reconnaissance Survey Using Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA).9 B) CCA for DRR Activity alongside Pre-Construction RWH Maintenance Training……………………………………………………………………………9 C) Construction and Handing Over Of Four RWH Systems in Selected Schools...9 D) Display Boards –‘Let Us Overcome Disasters through Preparedness’……....11 E) World Water Day School Programmes……………………………………….11 Phase II……………………………………………..……………………………………11 A) Reinforcing and Troubleshooting Programme…………………………...…..11 B) RWH Site Selection and Construction of RWH in Six Selected Schools…....11 5. Other Activities…………………………………………………………………….………….12 A) Engaging Youth in Environmental Conservation…………………………………….12 B) Community Advocacy/Citizen Science Programmes……………………………...…12 C) Media Tour to Raise Awareness about Aranayake………………………………...…13 D) Micro Catchment Conservation and Replanting ……………………………………..13 6. Outcomes....................................................................................................................................15 7. Lessons Learned ………………...…………………………………………………………….16 8. Conclusion………………………………………………...……………………………...…....17 9. References…………………………………………………………………………………......18 10. Contact Details……………………………………………………………………………….18 11. Supporting References……………………………………………………………………….18 A path way of Disaster Risk Reduction through Climate Change Adaptation in Aranayake, Sri Lanka 1. Background The Maha Oya Mithuro: Friends of the Maha Oya is the oldest Area Water Partnership (AWP) in Sri Lanka established in 2001. Through the AWP, Sri Lanka Water Partnership (also called Lanka Jalani) has played a catalytic role in bringing stakeholders together to foster productive management of water resources in the area and have been involved in tackling the issues of illegal sand mining and other community development activities for nearly two decades. In Sri Lanka, second to Kelani Ganga, Ma Oya is the most industrialized and third longest river with a basin area of 1528 km2. Unlike Kelani Ganga, it lacks a secure catchment with protected areas. Ma Oya provides water for agriculture, industry and domestic needs to approximately two million people from Aranayake in Sabaragamuwa Province to Pallansena, Kochchikade. Its deposits of river sand adds to the sand budget in the western shoreline of Sri Lanka acting as a buffer against coastal erosion. As per the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), it has 14 National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) water supply intakes and several community water supply schemes serving an urban population of 200,000 people (Central Environmental Authority, 2018). Families in the upper catchment including sections of Alagalla, Paranapattiya, Galagedara and Gampola in Central Province also tap its resources. The river serves a large number of downstream industries including large industrial estates in North Western Province (NWP), the Makandura Industrial Zone as well as important tourist zones near Negombo. It is also home to the largest concentration of tame elephants in Sri Lanka in Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage - one of the highest single income earners for Sri Lankan tourism. Aranayake off Mawanella, a secluded agricultural area known mainly for tea and spice cultivation, came to the limelight for tragic reasons with the Samasara landslide of May 2015. Caused partly due to climate change and partly due to anthropogenic influences, the landslide was a result of six days of constant high intensity rains (Dissanayaka & Jayasena, 2017). The Disaster Management Centre (DMC)1 reported that 420,097 people were affected due to floods and landslides out of which 299,806 persons were displaced. The incident also caused the highest number of casualties ever recorded in a Sri Lankan landslide (JICA Survey Team, 2016). The National Building Research Organization (NBRO)2 classified the affected areas as ‘High Risk’ (sites to be evacuated immediately) and ‘Medium Risk’ (sites to carry out mitigatory action in) (National Building Research Organisation, 2016). Of the 62 Grama Niladhari divisions in Aranayake – the smallest level of administrative unit used in Sri Lanka – 60 were classified as disaster prone. The fear of landslides has not left the sub-conscious of Aranayake’s citizens. In late October 2017, heavy rains brought with them two more minor landslides in Ambalakanda and Aranayake leading to the immediate evacuation of at-risk families by local administrators. 1 www.dmc.gov.lk 2 http://www.nbro.gov.lk/index.php?lang=en Water Resource Perspective Page 4 of 18 July 2018 A path way of Disaster Risk Reduction through Climate Change Adaptation in Aranayake, Sri Lanka 2. Description of the Problem 2.1. Case Study Area Communities in Aranayake used to be self-sufficient earning high income from spices and tea. At least 850-1000 kg of tea was collected daily from 30-40 growers at the teashop in Elangipitiya – this landslide stricken area was previously called “Salliwatte” – Land with money. Large houses were built with profits gained through tea cultivation and roads were constructed using JCBs on very fragile and steep slopes that greatly disturbed the terrain. Further, unauthorized encroachments of adjoining government land and clearing the existing forest for tea plantation changed the natural ecosystem of the area. The target was crop management and not landscape management and ad hoc extensions to smallholdings accelerated runoff and soil erosion. Tea was planted on wholly inappropriate sites along with spices that provide a greater canopy cover being sidelined or replaced. Vertical drains from British time were not maintained and in some areas such as Ambalakanda were replaced with stones being used for walls instead. Across the landscape, buildings came up in the drainage paths thus cleared compromising the overall stability of the area. Some of these actions contributed to the intensity of damage of the landslide. Map 1: Map of Ma oya’s Catchment There is a growing tendency for climate change related high intensity rains to be blamed for landslides, which are becoming a more frequent occurrence in catchment areas. However, a report by NBRO referenced in their training programmes stated that rampant logging in Elangipitiya, Ambalakanda and Galbokke in the upper Ma oya catchment, which preceded the landslide, might have been one of the contributory factors. In such a case informed by post-disaster surveys, catchment conservation and reforestation is a high priority for the Sri Lankan government which is committed to carrying out disaster risk reduction (DRR) in targeted areas (Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs
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