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DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE KEGALLE Ft DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE KEGALLE ft DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE KEGALLE Submitted to CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY By CEA Library Gonsu Jt^ag&ment & Development Studies TEAMS (Pvi) Ltd. P.- 0. Box 262 Colombo. Sri Lank-J December 1991 TEAMS (Pvt) Ltd, P.O. Box 262 Colombo, Sri Lanka. Consultants in Technology, Management 8 Development Studies CORPORATE OFFICE : 55 Rosmead Place, Colombo 7. Telephone : 692056, 686429 Telex: 22778 TWINSCE Attn. TEAMS. Fax: 686947, 501841 Cables: TEAMS WORK 4th December, 1991 Director General, DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE Central Environmental Authority Maligawatta New Town KEGALLE Colombo 10. Dear Sir, District Environmental Profile - Kecralle District Submitted to In accordance with our proposal and the subsequent contract with you for the above study, herewith we are submitting the Final Report. We trust that you will find this submission satisfactory. CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY Thanking you Yours truly, • -\ ' • , Wimal Gunawardena Chairman/Managing Director December 1991 '.S. I'ml td.RfsKtervd in Sri l.;:n!: fVS) '277 ..<<M\,:.r.K'ii:i '! U'htl. INTRODUCTION Acknowledgements This study was conducted by Professor P.C. H. Ranasinghe of Background the Department of Geography, University of Colombo. The Environmental Profile of Kegalle is an outcome of an initiation taken by the Central Environment Authority of Sri Lanka, with NORAD collaboration, to compile a series of Several officials extended their full support and co­ district level environmental profiles, with a view to arrest operation to complete this study. The list is too long to the environmental degradation and to build up a strong mention. However, acknowledgment is specially made to the institutional capacity to achieve district level balance in life support systems. As defined by the Central Environment Government Agent Kegalle, and the staff of the Kegalle Authority, 'environment profile' is a comprehensive Kachcheri and the staff of the Regional Development Division assessment of the existing state of the environment. The of the Ministry of Policy Planning and Implementation, staff highlight with regard to this is the recognition of the spatial or regional approach to environment planning and of the IRDP Office, Kegalle and especially to all the management. Moreover, the relevance and the practical value resource personnel of two workshops: 'Human Settlement Sector in the compilation and .assessment of district level Review-' for UNDP conducted by the Centre for Housing, environment profile cannot be over emphasised in the light of the present system of devolution of powers to the Provinces. Planning and Building (August 1991) and 'National Landuse Planning' conducted by the Ministry of Lands, Irrigation and Mahaweli Development (October 1991). The deliberations Conceptualisation during these 2 workshops immensely helped the consultant to Any development model invariably should be sustainable both environmentally and socially. Environmentally sound enrich the section on suggestions and recommendations. sustainable development has to recognise 2 thresholds: resources threshold and development threshold. The technical staff of the Department of Geography, The process of development uses the natural and man made University of Colombo extended their valuable co-operation resources. It must be remembered that these resources have and support to complete this report in time. their limitations. If resources are used efficiently, with proper technology, the development process would allow the sustained use of the resources below its environmental limit. Essentially environmental considerations should be integrated into economic development. The development should be aimed at not only to meet consumers' demands, but also at what the earth's life support system can afford. The development process has a triangular interdependence: economic interdependence, environmental interdependence and the ' linkage between economic- and environmental interdependence. Therefore, Development policies need to be based on these interdependencies. The policies and strategies concerning development in Sri Lanka should be formulated in the context of 3 basic goals Objectives of the Environment Profile viz; accelerating economic growth, alleviating poverty and protecting the natural resource base. Maximum mobilisation According to the Terms of Reference -given by the Central and best utilisation of all resources-human, material and Environment Authority, the Kegalle District Environmental financial need to be ensured. In investment planning, Profile is a comprehensive assessment of the present state priority should be given to productive (agriculture, of the environment of the District of Kegalle, and includes: industry) and social (education, health) sectors. In the context of poverty alleviation, employment generation should i. an identification of the natural resources of the be a major guidance principle. Economic planning exercises Kegalle District with a view to understand the should give special consideration to issues relating to potential resource base, both natural and human, depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation, with a view to protecting the natural resource base in order ii. an identification of problems of (a) the resource to sustain development over time. utilisation and development (b) the nature and the level of utilisation of the resources at present, In relation to human resources," effort need to be intensified to reduce population growth mainly through educational and iii. an identification and reviewing of the more significant motivational activities. Human resources should be developed basic environmental problems and examining the through appropriate basic education and vocational existing machinery for their solution, programmes, to produce sufficient managerial, and other skilled workers and to mobilise and harness youth energy to iv. an identification of the importance of promoting the maximum. participatory process in managing the environment and suggesting guidelines for the development of an action People's effective participation in the development process plan for effective environmental management, is essential and should involve democratic institutions not only at national level but also at sub-national levels down v. recommendations for short, medium and long term to the grassroots levels. The participation to be implementation strategies with a view to improve the meaningful, should involve access to resources and also resource utilisation and development, in order to sharing of benefits. strengthen the socio-economic viability of the Kegalle District. Important role of women in the process of sustainable development is. beginning to- establish. Hence, their effective participation need to be ensured. Main Features of the Report It should be noted that on the one hand, when development The environmental profile of the district of Kegalle efforts are ineffective they disrupt existing social and discusses in detail the natural resources, both living and economic systems without extending compensating benefits; and non-living, and the interaction of these resources as life on the other hand, even when development efforts are supporting systems in the district. The report highlights effective it accelerates the environmental pollution and the environmental hazards that are caused by human destruction. intervention and emphasises that conservation of the natural resource base is essential for the sustainable life support ii system in the district. iii The consultant is with the view that the conservation of The chapter where . an agenda is submitted to ameliorate the resources within the district is not -given its due environmental issues in the District -has listed under various recognisation and if adequate measures are not taken in time items the steps which could be followed in'order to achieve at the present rate of exploitation, it will rapidly lead to sustainable development within the given resources. These total depletion of these resources. The result would be the steps include long-term and as well as short-term inevitable changes in the environment at large which will recommendations which are practical and could be applied consequently have serious repercussions not only on the within the given administrative framework. socio-economy of the district but also on the Wet Zone as a whole. The administrative machinery is also discussed in order to understand the legal and statutory framework within which The section on Physical Resources discusses in detail the utilisation and conservation of resources are carried out. location, size, land, geology soils, minerals, water, ) Various authorities and the Acts and Ordinances that are vegetation and wildlife as factors of life supporting system related to the environment are also examined in this section. in the district. It also discusses the various environmental situations that have arisen due to the interaction of these The conclusive chapter has summaried the environmental physical factors with each other. This section of the report profile of the Kegalle District and long and short term can be considered as an inventory of the physical resources recommendations are stated. available in the district of Kegalle. Data and Information A detailed Human Resource profile is given in the section dealing with human resources of the district. In addition to An assessment of the nature and composition of the natural the density, distribution
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