Fibrations and Yoneda's Lemma in An
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
AN INTRODUCTION to CATEGORY THEORY and the YONEDA LEMMA Contents Introduction 1 1. Categories 2 2. Functors 3 3. Natural Transfo
AN INTRODUCTION TO CATEGORY THEORY AND THE YONEDA LEMMA SHU-NAN JUSTIN CHANG Abstract. We begin this introduction to category theory with definitions of categories, functors, and natural transformations. We provide many examples of each construct and discuss interesting relations between them. We proceed to prove the Yoneda Lemma, a central concept in category theory, and motivate its significance. We conclude with some results and applications of the Yoneda Lemma. Contents Introduction 1 1. Categories 2 2. Functors 3 3. Natural Transformations 6 4. The Yoneda Lemma 9 5. Corollaries and Applications 10 Acknowledgments 12 References 13 Introduction Category theory is an interdisciplinary field of mathematics which takes on a new perspective to understanding mathematical phenomena. Unlike most other branches of mathematics, category theory is rather uninterested in the objects be- ing considered themselves. Instead, it focuses on the relations between objects of the same type and objects of different types. Its abstract and broad nature allows it to reach into and connect several different branches of mathematics: algebra, geometry, topology, analysis, etc. A central theme of category theory is abstraction, understanding objects by gen- eralizing rather than focusing on them individually. Similar to taxonomy, category theory offers a way for mathematical concepts to be abstracted and unified. What makes category theory more than just an organizational system, however, is its abil- ity to generate information about these abstract objects by studying their relations to each other. This ability comes from what Emily Riehl calls \arguably the most important result in category theory"[4], the Yoneda Lemma. The Yoneda Lemma allows us to formally define an object by its relations to other objects, which is central to the relation-oriented perspective taken by category theory. -
Homotopical Categories: from Model Categories to ( ,)-Categories ∞
HOMOTOPICAL CATEGORIES: FROM MODEL CATEGORIES TO ( ;1)-CATEGORIES 1 EMILY RIEHL Abstract. This chapter, written for Stable categories and structured ring spectra, edited by Andrew J. Blumberg, Teena Gerhardt, and Michael A. Hill, surveys the history of homotopical categories, from Gabriel and Zisman’s categories of frac- tions to Quillen’s model categories, through Dwyer and Kan’s simplicial localiza- tions and culminating in ( ;1)-categories, first introduced through concrete mod- 1 els and later re-conceptualized in a model-independent framework. This reader is not presumed to have prior acquaintance with any of these concepts. Suggested exercises are included to fertilize intuitions and copious references point to exter- nal sources with more details. A running theme of homotopy limits and colimits is included to explain the kinds of problems homotopical categories are designed to solve as well as technical approaches to these problems. Contents 1. The history of homotopical categories 2 2. Categories of fractions and localization 5 2.1. The Gabriel–Zisman category of fractions 5 3. Model category presentations of homotopical categories 7 3.1. Model category structures via weak factorization systems 8 3.2. On functoriality of factorizations 12 3.3. The homotopy relation on arrows 13 3.4. The homotopy category of a model category 17 3.5. Quillen’s model structure on simplicial sets 19 4. Derived functors between model categories 20 4.1. Derived functors and equivalence of homotopy theories 21 4.2. Quillen functors 24 4.3. Derived composites and derived adjunctions 25 4.4. Monoidal and enriched model categories 27 4.5. -
Yoneda's Lemma for Internal Higher Categories
YONEDA'S LEMMA FOR INTERNAL HIGHER CATEGORIES LOUIS MARTINI Abstract. We develop some basic concepts in the theory of higher categories internal to an arbitrary 1- topos. We define internal left and right fibrations and prove a version of the Grothendieck construction and of Yoneda's lemma for internal categories. Contents 1. Introduction 2 Motivation 2 Main results 3 Related work 4 Acknowledgment 4 2. Preliminaries 4 2.1. General conventions and notation4 2.2. Set theoretical foundations5 2.3. 1-topoi 5 2.4. Universe enlargement 5 2.5. Factorisation systems 8 3. Categories in an 1-topos 10 3.1. Simplicial objects in an 1-topos 10 3.2. Categories in an 1-topos 12 3.3. Functoriality and base change 16 3.4. The (1; 2)-categorical structure of Cat(B) 18 3.5. Cat(S)-valued sheaves on an 1-topos 19 3.6. Objects and morphisms 21 3.7. The universe for groupoids 23 3.8. Fully faithful and essentially surjective functors 26 arXiv:2103.17141v2 [math.CT] 2 May 2021 3.9. Subcategories 31 4. Groupoidal fibrations and Yoneda's lemma 36 4.1. Left fibrations 36 4.2. Slice categories 38 4.3. Initial functors 42 4.4. Covariant equivalences 49 4.5. The Grothendieck construction 54 4.6. Yoneda's lemma 61 References 71 Date: May 4, 2021. 1 2 LOUIS MARTINI 1. Introduction Motivation. In various areas of geometry, one of the principal strategies is to study geometric objects by means of algebraic invariants such as cohomology, K-theory and (stable or unstable) homotopy groups. -
A Model Structure for Quasi-Categories
A MODEL STRUCTURE FOR QUASI-CATEGORIES EMILY RIEHL DISCUSSED WITH J. P. MAY 1. Introduction Quasi-categories live at the intersection of homotopy theory with category theory. In particular, they serve as a model for (1; 1)-categories, that is, weak higher categories with n-cells for each natural number n that are invertible when n > 1. Alternatively, an (1; 1)-category is a category enriched in 1-groupoids, e.g., a topological space with points as 0-cells, paths as 1-cells, homotopies of paths as 2-cells, and homotopies of homotopies as 3-cells, and so forth. The basic data for a quasi-category is a simplicial set. A precise definition is given below. For now, a simplicial set X is given by a diagram in Set o o / X o X / X o ··· 0 o / 1 o / 2 o / o o / with certain relations on the arrows. Elements of Xn are called n-simplices, and the arrows di : Xn ! Xn−1 and si : Xn ! Xn+1 are called face and degeneracy maps, respectively. Intuition is provided by simplical complexes from topology. There is a functor τ1 from the category of simplicial sets to Cat that takes a simplicial set X to its fundamental category τ1X. The objects of τ1X are the elements of X0. Morphisms are generated by elements of X1 with the face maps defining the source and target and s0 : X0 ! X1 picking out the identities. Composition is freely generated by elements of X1 subject to relations given by elements of X2. More specifically, if x 2 X2, then we impose the relation that d1x = d0x ◦ d2x. -
Notes on Categorical Logic
Notes on Categorical Logic Anand Pillay & Friends Spring 2017 These notes are based on a course given by Anand Pillay in the Spring of 2017 at the University of Notre Dame. The notes were transcribed by Greg Cousins, Tim Campion, L´eoJimenez, Jinhe Ye (Vincent), Kyle Gannon, Rachael Alvir, Rose Weisshaar, Paul McEldowney, Mike Haskel, ADD YOUR NAMES HERE. 1 Contents Introduction . .3 I A Brief Survey of Contemporary Model Theory 4 I.1 Some History . .4 I.2 Model Theory Basics . .4 I.3 Morleyization and the T eq Construction . .8 II Introduction to Category Theory and Toposes 9 II.1 Categories, functors, and natural transformations . .9 II.2 Yoneda's Lemma . 14 II.3 Equivalence of categories . 17 II.4 Product, Pullbacks, Equalizers . 20 IIIMore Advanced Category Theoy and Toposes 29 III.1 Subobject classifiers . 29 III.2 Elementary topos and Heyting algebra . 31 III.3 More on limits . 33 III.4 Elementary Topos . 36 III.5 Grothendieck Topologies and Sheaves . 40 IV Categorical Logic 46 IV.1 Categorical Semantics . 46 IV.2 Geometric Theories . 48 2 Introduction The purpose of this course was to explore connections between contemporary model theory and category theory. By model theory we will mostly mean first order, finitary model theory. Categorical model theory (or, more generally, categorical logic) is a general category-theoretic approach to logic that includes infinitary, intuitionistic, and even multi-valued logics. Say More Later. 3 Chapter I A Brief Survey of Contemporary Model Theory I.1 Some History Up until to the seventies and early eighties, model theory was a very broad subject, including topics such as infinitary logics, generalized quantifiers, and probability logics (which are actually back in fashion today in the form of con- tinuous model theory), and had a very set-theoretic flavour. -
GROUPOID SCHEMES 022L Contents 1. Introduction 1 2
GROUPOID SCHEMES 022L Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Notation 1 3. Equivalence relations 2 4. Group schemes 4 5. Examples of group schemes 5 6. Properties of group schemes 7 7. Properties of group schemes over a field 8 8. Properties of algebraic group schemes 14 9. Abelian varieties 18 10. Actions of group schemes 21 11. Principal homogeneous spaces 22 12. Equivariant quasi-coherent sheaves 23 13. Groupoids 25 14. Quasi-coherent sheaves on groupoids 27 15. Colimits of quasi-coherent modules 29 16. Groupoids and group schemes 34 17. The stabilizer group scheme 34 18. Restricting groupoids 35 19. Invariant subschemes 36 20. Quotient sheaves 38 21. Descent in terms of groupoids 41 22. Separation conditions 42 23. Finite flat groupoids, affine case 43 24. Finite flat groupoids 50 25. Descending quasi-projective schemes 51 26. Other chapters 52 References 54 1. Introduction 022M This chapter is devoted to generalities concerning groupoid schemes. See for exam- ple the beautiful paper [KM97] by Keel and Mori. 2. Notation 022N Let S be a scheme. If U, T are schemes over S we denote U(T ) for the set of T -valued points of U over S. In a formula: U(T ) = MorS(T,U). We try to reserve This is a chapter of the Stacks Project, version fac02ecd, compiled on Sep 14, 2021. 1 GROUPOID SCHEMES 2 the letter T to denote a “test scheme” over S, as in the discussion that follows. Suppose we are given schemes X, Y over S and a morphism of schemes f : X → Y over S. -
4 Fibered Categories (Aaron Mazel-Gee) Contents
4 Fibered categories (Aaron Mazel-Gee) Contents 4 Fibered categories (Aaron Mazel-Gee) 1 4.0 Introduction . .1 4.1 Definitions and basic facts . .1 4.2 The 2-Yoneda lemma . .2 4.3 Categories fibered in groupoids . .3 4.3.1 ... coming from co/groupoid objects . .3 4.3.2 ... and 2-categorical fiber product thereof . .4 4.0 Introduction In the same way that a sheaf is a special sort of functor, a stack will be a special sort of sheaf of groupoids (or a special special sort of groupoid-valued functor). It ends up being advantageous to think of the groupoid associated to an object X as living \above" X, in large part because this perspective makes it much easier to study the relationships between the groupoids associated to different objects. For this reason, we use the language of fibered categories. We note here that throughout this exposition we will often say equal (as opposed to isomorphic), and we really will mean it. 4.1 Definitions and basic facts φ Definition 1. Let C be a category. A category over C is a category F with a functor p : F!C. A morphism ξ ! η p(φ) in F is called cartesian if for any other ζ 2 F with a morphism ζ ! η and a factorization p(ζ) !h p(ξ) ! p(η) of φ p( ) in C, there is a unique morphism ζ !λ η giving a factorization ζ !λ η ! η of such that p(λ) = h. Pictorially, ζ - η w - w w 9 w w ! w w λ φ w w w w - w w w w ξ w w w w w w p(ζ) w p(η) w w - w h w ) w (φ w p w - p(ξ): In this case, we call ξ a pullback of η along p(φ). -
Notes on Moduli Theory, Stacks and 2-Yoneda's Lemma
Notes on Moduli theory, Stacks and 2-Yoneda's Lemma Kadri lker Berktav Abstract This note is a survey on the basic aspects of moduli theory along with some examples. In that respect, one of the purpose of this current document is to understand how the introduction of stacks circumvents the non-representability problem of the corresponding moduli functor F by using the 2-category of stacks. To this end, we shall briey revisit the basics of 2-category theory and present a 2-categorical version of Yoneda's lemma for the "rened" moduli functor F. Most of the material below are standard and can be found elsewhere in the literature. For an accessible introduction to moduli theory and stacks, we refer to [1,3]. For an extensive treatment to the case of moduli of curves, see [5,6,8]. Basics of 2-category theory and further discussions can be found in [7]. Contents 1 Functor of points, representable functors, and Yoneda's Lemma1 2 Moduli theory in functorial perspective3 2.1 Moduli of vector bundles of xed rank.........................6 2.2 Moduli of elliptic curves.................................7 3 2-categories and Stacks 11 3.1 A digression on 2-categories............................... 11 3.2 2-category of Stacks and 2-Yoneda's Lemma...................... 14 1 Functor of points, representable functors, and Yoneda's Lemma Main aspects of a moduli problem of interest can be encoded by a certain functor, namely a moduli functor of the form F : Cop −! Sets (1.1) where Cop is the opposite category of the category C, and Sets denotes the category of sets. -
THE YONEDA LEMMA MATH 250B 1. the Yoneda Lemma the Yoneda
THE YONEDA LEMMA MATH 250B ADAM TOPAZ 1. The Yoneda Lemma The Yoneda Lemma is a result in abstract category theory. Essentially, it states that objects in a category C can be viewed (functorially) as presheaves on the category C. Before we state the main theorem, we introduce a bit of notation to make our lives easier. C For a category C and an object A 2 C, we denote by hA the functor Hom (•;A) (recall that this is a contravariant functor). Similarly, we denote the functor HomC(A; •) by hA. The statement of the Yoneda Lemma (in contravariant form) is the following. Theorem: Let C be a category. If F is an arbitrary contravariant functor Cop ! Set, then one has Fun ∼ Hom (hA;F ) = F (A): This isomorphism is functorial in A in the sense that one has an isomorphism of functors: Fun ∼ Hom (h•;F ) = F (•): op Before we prove the statement, let us show that h• is actually a functor C! Fun(C ; Set). Namely, suppose that A ! B is a morphism in C, we must show how to construct a natural transformation hf : hA ! hB. Namely, for an object C 2 C, we need to associate a hf (C): hA(C) ! hB(C): C C This map is the only natural choice: one has hA(C) = Hom (C; A) and hB(C) = Hom (C; B). C C C The map hf (C) : Hom (C; A) ! Hom (C; B) is defined to be the map h (f) (post- composition with f). The fact that this makes h• into a functor is left as an (easy) exercise. -
An Integral Model Structure and Truncation Theory for Coherent Group
An integral model structure and truncation theory for coherent group actions Yonatan Harpaz Matan Prasma Abstract In this work we study the homotopy theory of coherent group ac- tions from a global point of view, where we allow both the group and the space acted upon to vary. Using the model of Segal group actions and the model categorical Grothendieck construction we construct a model category encompassing all Segal group actions simultaneously. We then prove a global rectification result in this setting. We proceed to develop a general truncation theory for the model-categorical Grothendieck con- struction and apply it to the case of Segal group actions. We give a simple characterization of n-truncated Segal group actions and show that every Segal group action admits a convergent Postnikov tower. Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Preliminaries 3 2.1 Modelcategories ............................. 3 2.2 Theintegralmodelstructure...................... 4 2.3 Invarianceofthe integralmodel structure . 5 2.4 Integralmodel categoriesofgroupactions . 7 3 An integral model structure for Segal group actions 10 3.1 AmodelstructureforSegalgroups . 10 arXiv:1506.04117v1 [math.AT] 12 Jun 2015 3.1.1 Relation with Bousfield’s approach . 15 3.2 Construction of the integralmodel structure . 16 3.3 RectificationofSegalgroupactions . 19 4 Truncation theory for integral model categories 21 5 Truncation in the integral model category of Segal group ac- tions 25 5.1 ConvergenceofthePostnikovtower. 31 6 References 34 1 1 Introduction Let S be the category of simplicial sets (which we shall refer to as spaces) and let G be a simplicial group. Homotopy theories of spaces equipped with an action of G are of fundamental interest in algebraic topology. -
Ends and Coends
THIS IS THE (CO)END, MY ONLY (CO)FRIEND FOSCO LOREGIAN† Abstract. The present note is a recollection of the most striking and use- ful applications of co/end calculus. We put a considerable effort in making arguments and constructions rather explicit: after having given a series of preliminary definitions, we characterize co/ends as particular co/limits; then we derive a number of results directly from this characterization. The last sections discuss the most interesting examples where co/end calculus serves as a powerful abstract way to do explicit computations in diverse fields like Algebra, Algebraic Topology and Category Theory. The appendices serve to sketch a number of results in theories heavily relying on co/end calculus; the reader who dares to arrive at this point, being completely introduced to the mysteries of co/end fu, can regard basically every statement as a guided exercise. Contents Introduction. 1 1. Dinaturality, extranaturality, co/wedges. 3 2. Yoneda reduction, Kan extensions. 13 3. The nerve and realization paradigm. 16 4. Weighted limits 21 5. Profunctors. 27 6. Operads. 33 Appendix A. Promonoidal categories 39 Appendix B. Fourier transforms via coends. 40 References 41 Introduction. The purpose of this survey is to familiarize the reader with the so-called co/end calculus, gathering a series of examples of its application; the author would like to stress clearly, from the very beginning, that the material presented here makes arXiv:1501.02503v2 [math.CT] 9 Feb 2015 no claim of originality: indeed, we put a special care in acknowledging carefully, where possible, each of the many authors whose work was an indispensable source in compiling this note. -
Naturality and the Yoneda Lemma
NATURALITY AND THE YONEDA LEMMA J. WARNER 1. Naturality Let C and D be two categories, and let F; G : C!D be covariant functors. We would like to define the notion of a "map of functors" that is consistent with the usual requirements of a map between two algebraic structures. That is, a map between F and G should in some sense preserve the structure of a functor. What is included in this structure? First, the functors F and G assign to each object X 2 C objects in D, denoted F (X) and G(X) respectively. Thus, if we desire a map of functors η : F ! G to respect the structure of the functors' values on objects, η should include the data of a morphism ηX 2 HomD(F (X);G(X)) for all X 2 C. Second, the functors F and G assign to each pair of objects X; Y 2 D and each morphism f 2 HomC(X; Y ) morphisms in HomD(F (X);F (Y )) and HomD(G(X);G(Y )) denoted F (f) and G(f) respectively. So far, our idea of a map of functors leads us to consider two morphisms in HomD(F (X);G(Y )): G(f) ◦ ηX and ηY ◦ F (f). Now, if we desire our map η to respect the structure of the functors' values on morphisms, these two morphisms should be equal in HomD(F (X);G(Y )). We have thus arrived at the appropriate definition of a map of functors, which we now define formally. Definition 1.1.