DOCSLIB.ORG

I the Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

i The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe © loop et al., 2017 | doi 10.1163/9789004338623_001 This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License. ii The History of Oriental Studies Editors Alastair Hamilton (University of London) Jan Loop (University of Kent) Advisory Board Thomas Burman (Notre Dame) Charles Burnett (London) – Bernard Heyberger (Paris) Noel Malcolm (Oxford) – Jan Schmidt (Leiden) Francis Richard (Paris) – Arnoud Vrolijk (Leiden) Joanna Weinberg (Oxford) VOLUME 3 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hos iii The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe Edited by Jan Loop Alastair Hamilton Charles Burnett LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC License, which iv permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro - vided the original author(s) and source are credited. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 291827. The project Encounters with the Orient in Early Modern European Scholarship is financially supported by the HERA Joint Research Programme (www.heranet.info<http://www.heranet.info>) which is co-funded by AHRC, AKA, BMBF via PT-DLR, DASTI, ETAG, FCT, FNR, FNRS, FWF, FWO, HAZU, IRC, LMT, MHEST, NWO, NCN, RANNÍS, RCN, VR and The European Community FP7 2007-2013, under the Socio- economic Sciences and Humanities programme. The support of HERA has made it possible to publish this book in Open Access Cover illustration: © Leiden University Libraries, Icones 81 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Loop, Jan editor. | Hamilton, Alastair, 1941- editor. | Burnett, Charles (Charles S. F.) editor. Title: The teaching and learning of Arabic in early modern Europe / edited by Jan Loop, Alastair Hamilton, Charles Burnett. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2017. | Series: The history of Oriental studies ; volume 3 | Based on a conference held on 16 November 2013 at the National Museum of Antiquities (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, RMO), in Leiden. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016051518 (print) | LCCN 2016053080 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004328143 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004338623 (E-book) Subjects: LCSH: Arabic language--Study and teaching (Higher)--Europe--History--17th century--Congresses. | Arabists--Europe--History--17th century--Congresses. Classification: LCC PJ6068.E85 T43 2017 (print) | LCC PJ6068.E85 (ebook) | DDC 492.7/8007104--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016051518 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2405-4488 isbn 978-90-04-32814-3 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-33862-3 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by the Authors and Editors. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. ContentsContents v Contents List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations viii Short Biographies of the Authors and Editors ix Introduction 1 Jan Loop 1 Arabic Studies in the Netherlands and the Prerequisite of Social Impact – a Survey 13 Arnoud Vrolijk 2 Learning Arabic in Early Modern England 33 Mordechai Feingold 3 Johann Zechendorff (1580–1662) and Arabic Studies at Zwickau’s Latin School 57 Asaph Ben-Tov 4 Arabia in the Light of the Midnight Sun: Arabic Studies in Sweden between Gustaf Peringer Lillieblad and Jonas Hallenberg 93 Bernd Roling 5 Sacred History, Sacred Languages: The Question of Arabic in Early Modern Spain 133 Mercedes García-Arenal and Fernando Rodríguez Mediano 6 The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Salamanca in the Early Modern Period 163 Nuria Martínez de Castilla Muñoz 7 Teaching and Learning Arabic in Early Modern Rome: Shaping a Missionary Language 189 Aurélien Girard 8 The Qur’an as Chrestomathy in Early Modern Europe 213 Alastair Hamilton vi Contents Contents Contents Contents v 9 Arabic Poetry as Teaching Material in Early Modern Grammars and List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations viii Textbooks 230 Short Biographies of the Authors and Editors ix Introduction 1 Jan Loop Jan Loop Chapter 1 Arabic Studies in the Netherlands and the Prerequisite of Social Impact – a Survey 13 Arnoud Vrolijk Chapter 2 10 Learning to Write, Read and Speak Arabic Outside of Early Modern Learning Arabic in Early-Modern England* 33 Mordechai Feingold Universities 252 Chapter 3 Johann Zechendorff (1580–1662) and Arabic Studies at Zwickau’s Latin School* 57 Sonja Brentjes Asaph Ben-Tov Chapter 4 Arabia in the Light of the Midnight Sun: Arabic Studies in Sweden between Gustaf Peringer Lillieblad and Jonas Hallenberg* 93 11 Learning Arabic in the Overseas Factories: The Case of the Bernd Roling Chapter 5 García-Arenal and Rodríguez Mediano English 272 Sacred History, Sacred Languages: The question of Arabic in Early Modern Spain* 133 Mercedes García-Arenal and Fernando Rodríguez Mediano Simon Mills Chapter 6 The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Salamanca in the Early Modern Period* 163 Nuria Martínez de Castilla Muñoz Chapter 7 Teaching and Learning Arabic in Early Modern Rome: Shaping a Missionary Language* 189 12 Learning Oriental Languages in the Ottoman Empire: Aurélien Girard Chapter 8 Johannes Heyman (1667–1737) between Izmir and Damascus 294 The Qur’an as Chrestomathy in Early Modern Europe* 213 Alastair Hamilton Maurits H. van den Boogert Chapter 9 Arabic Poetry as Teaching Material in Early Modern Grammars and Textbooks* 230 Jan Loop Chapter 10 Learning to Write, Read and Speak Arabic Outside of Early Modern Universities 252 13 The Life and Hard Times of Solomon Negri: An Arabic Teacher in Sonja Brentjes Chapter 11 Early Modern Europe 310 Learning Arabic in the Overseas Factories: The Case of the English* 272 John-Paul A. Ghobrial Simon Mills Chapter 12 Learning Oriental Languages in the Ottoman Empire: Johannes Heyman (1667–1737) between Izmir and Damascus 294 Maurits H. van den Boogert Index 333 Chapter 13 The Life and Hard Times of Solomon Negri: An Arabic Teacher in Early Modern Europe* 310 John-Paul A. Ghobrial Index 333 List of FiguresList of Figures vii List of Figures 1.1 Oration of Thomas Erpenius (1584–1624) on the ‘Excellence and Dignity of the Arabic language’, May 1613 (printed Leiden, 1615 or later), title page. [Leiden University Libraries, 1369 D 38] 14 1.2 The cabinet of curiosities of Leiden University, with an Egyptian mummy donated by David Le Leu de Wilhem (1588–1658) in the far right corner. Les delices de Leide …, Leiden, 1712, facing p. 83. [Leiden University Libraries, 403 G 15] 17 1.3 The coffin of the Prophet Muhammad miraculously floating in the air, in anonymous, Historie van den Oorspronck … des grooten valschen Propheets Mahomets, Leiden, 1627, p. 23. [Leiden University Libraries, 1144 A 46] 24 1.4 ‘Les diverses postures des Turcs en priant’, illustrating ‘Turks’ during prayer in Adriaan Reland (1676–1718), La religion des Mahometans …, The Hague, 1721, facing p. 49. [Leiden University Libraries, 409 F 5] 29 3.1 Zechendorff, Septem Psalmorum poenitentialium Para-Phrasis Arabica, RSBZ, MS 18.4.29 fols. 204v-205r 61 3.2 Zechendorff, Circuli conjugationum, Zwickau 1645, RSBZ 87 3.3 Zechendorff, Circuli conjugationum, Zwickau 1645, RSBZ 88 3.4 Zechendorff, Circuli conjugationum, Zwickau 1645, RSBZ 89 viii List Of Figures List of Abbreviations ACDF Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede, Rome ACPF Archivio della Congregazione di Propaganda Fide, Rome ADB Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie AFSt/H Franckeschen Stiftungen, Halle ANF Archives Nationales de France, Paris AUS Archivo Universitario de Salamanca BAV Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana BL British Library, London BNE Biblioteca Nacional de España, Madrid BnF Bibliotèque nationale de France, Paris Bodl. Oxf. Bodleian Library, Oxford BSB Bayrische Staatsbibliothek, Munich CUL Cambridge University Library EIC East India Company FBG Forschungsbibliothek Gotha GUL Glasgow University Library IOR India Office Records LUL Leiden University Library NDB Neue Deutsche Biographie ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography RSBZ Ratsschulbibliothek Zwickau SP State Papers SPCK Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge TNA The National Archives, Kew UUL Uppsala University Library ZBZ Zentralbibliothek Zurich Short BiographiesShort Biographies of the Authors of the and Authors Editors and Editors ix Short Biographies of the Authors and Editors Asaph Ben-Tov Ph.D. (2007), Hebrew University Jerusalem. He is the author of Lutheran Humanists and Greek Antiquity (Leiden, 2009) as well as several articles on the Classical tradition and Oriental studies in early modern Germany. He is cur- rently working on a biography of the seventeenth-century Orientalist Johann Ernst Gerhard (1621–1668) as well as on a more comprehensive book on Oriental studies in
Recommended publications
  • Meter of Classical Arabic Poetry

    Meter of Classical Arabic Poetry

    Pegs, Cords, and Ghuls: Meter of Classical Arabic Poetry Hazel Scott Haverford College Department of Linguistics, Swarthmore College Fall 2009 There are many reasons to read poetry, filled with heroics and folly, sweeping metaphors and engaging rhymes. It can reveal much about a shared cultural history and the depths of the human soul; for linguists, it also provides insights into the nature of language itself. As a particular subset of a language, poetry is one case study for understanding the use of a language and the underlying rules that govern it. This paper explores the metrical system of classical Arabic poetry and its theoretical representations. The prevailing classification is from the 8th century C.E., based on the work of the scholar al-Khaliil, and I evaluate modern attempts to situate the meters within a more universal theory. I analyze the meter of two early Arabic poems, and observe the descriptive accuracy of al-Khaliil’s system, and then provide an analysis of the major alternative accounts. By incorporating linguistic concepts such as binarity and prosodic constraints, the newer models improve on the general accessibility of their theories with greater explanatory potential. The use of this analysis to identify and account for the four most commonly used meters, for example, highlights the significance of these models over al-Khaliil’s basic enumerations. The study is situated within a discussion of cultural history and the modern application of these meters, and a reflection on the oral nature of these poems. The opportunities created for easier cross-linguistic comparisons are crucial for a broader understanding of poetry, enhanced by Arabic’s complex levels of metrical patterns, and with conclusions that can inform wider linguistic study.* Introduction Classical Arabic poetry is traditionally characterized by its use of one of the sixteen * I would like to thank my advisor, Professor K.
  • Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Brill’S Series in Jewish Studies

    Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Brill’S Series in Jewish Studies

    Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Brill’s Series in Jewish Studies Edited by David S. Katz VOLUME 53 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsjs Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Interpellation, Exclusion, and Inessential Solidarities By Reuven Snir LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Snir, R. (Reuven), author. Who needs Arab-Jewish identity? : interpellation, exclusion, and inessential solidarities / by Reuven Snir. pages cm. — (Brill’s series in Jewish studies, ISSN 0926-2261 ; volume 53) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-28911-6 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-28910-9 (e-book) 1. Jews—Arab countries—Identity—History. 2. Arab countries—Ethnic relations. I. Title. DS135.A68S65 2015 305.892’40174927—dc23 2014049552 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0926-2261 isbn 978-90-04-28911-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-28910-9 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa.
  • The Fire of 884/1479 at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and an Account of Its Restoration

    The Fire of 884/1479 at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and an Account of Its Restoration

    DORIS BEHRENS-ABOUSEIF SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON The Fire of 884/1479 at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and an Account of Its Restoration Among the series of fires that are reported to have hit the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus during its pre-modern history, the fire of 884/1479 is so far the least known.1 The well-known sources for this period, such as the contemporary Cairene chronicles of Ibn Iya≠s and al-S˛ayraf|, do not mention it; nor does al-Sakha≠w| refer to the subsequent substantial restoration of the Umayyad Mosque in his long list of Qa≠ytba≠y's construction and renovation works.2 The Syrian historian Ibn T˛u≠lu≠n (880–953/1476–1546), whose chronicle starts in 884, the same year when the fire broke out, when he was still a child, refers only briefly to the restoration works that followed this fire.3 In his biographical dictionary of the viceroys of Damascus, however, he does not include any reference to this fire under the entry of Qa≠ns˝u≠h al-Yah˝a≠w|, the viceroy in charge at that time.4 However, a detailed description of the catastrophe and the following restoration works can be found in the chronicle H˛awa≠dith al-Zama≠n wa-Wafaya≠t al-Shuyu≠kh wa-al-Aqra≠n by the Damascene historian Ah˝mad ibn Muh˝ammad ibn ‘Umar al- Middle East Documentation Center. The University of Chicago. 1Earthquakes occurred in 132/748, 233/847, 587/1191, 702/1302, and 1173/1759, and fires in 461/1069, 552/1157, 562/1166, 570/1174, 646/1247, 740/1340, 803/1401, 884/1879, and in 1893.
  • Arbeitsberichte 187 ARABS of the MOSAIC FAITH REUVEN SNIR Born in Haifa in 1953, Reuven Snir Is Currently Professor of Arabic Li

    Arbeitsberichte 187 ARABS of the MOSAIC FAITH REUVEN SNIR Born in Haifa in 1953, Reuven Snir Is Currently Professor of Arabic Li

    ARABS OF THE MOSAIC FAITH REUVEN SNIR Born in Haifa in 1953, Reuven Snir is currently Professor of Arabic Literature at the Uni- versity of Haifa, Israel. He studied Philosophy and Arabic Literature at the Hebrew Uni- versity in Jerusalem. He is the author of several books, among them Modern Arabic Liter- ature: A Functional Dynamic Historical Model (2001), Rak‘atan fi al-Ishq: Dirasa fi Shi‘r Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati (Two Rak‘as in Love: A Study of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati’s Poet- ry) (2002), and Arviyut, Yahadut, Ziyonut: Maavak Zehuyot ba-Yezira shel Yehude Iraq (Arab- ness, Jewishness, Zionism: A Struggle of Identities in the Literature of Iraqi Jews) (2005). – Address: Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel. E-mail: [email protected] On 14 December 1984, I was sitting in the news department of the Voice of Israel, Arabic section. Our correspondent had just informed us that Anwar Shaul (1904–84) had passed away. We broadcast this news along with a short biography. Over the internal telephone network, I called the news editor in the Hebrew section; it was important, I thought, to inform Israeli citizens that one of the last Arab-Jewish writers had passed away. “Anwar who?!” I heard her screaming. I explained briefly. “It doesn’t interest our listeners,” she said. I did not try to convince her, but these words stayed with me. As an academic dealing with the historical development of Arabic literature, mainly in modern times, I saw myself faced with a challenge.
  • Islamic Law Perspective Regarding the Weretiger in the Malay Archipelago

    Islamic Law Perspective Regarding the Weretiger in the Malay Archipelago

    Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.3 (2021), 2912-2919 Research Article Islamic Law Perspective regarding the Weretiger in the Malay Archipelago Abdulrahman M.A.Albelaihi1, Mohd SyukriYeoh Abdullah2, Amani Ali Elmetwaly3 1School of Human Development and Techno-communication, University Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia 2Institute of the Malay World and Civilization (ATMA), National University of Malaysia 3Faculty of Applied Science and Humanity, University Malaysia [email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Article History: Received: 10 November 2020; Revised: 12 January 2021; Accepted: 27 January 2021; Published online: 05 April 2021 Abstract:This article discusses the origin, traits and role of the Weretiger within the context in Malay Archipelago communities. The Weretiger is type of Jinn that existence pre-dates human and its‟ relationship with human have been establish prior to Islam. The Islamisation of the Malay Archipelago see‟s that a syncretisation of old tradition into Islam and thus the practice of Weretiger still exists until todays. The scholar (ulama) are still debating in the Islamic Law perspective not just the ties between Weretiger and human but Jinn and human as whole using references from Al-Qur‟an, Hadith and previous scholarly works. Keyword:Weretiger - Jinn - Scholar 1. Introduction TheWeretiger discipline is a type of knowledge that is taught and practice in the Malay Archipelago (Alam Melayu)1 prior to the coming of Islam. The purpose of this knowledge is to protect the practitioner, his family and wealth from any threat whether it is physically or spiritually. The practitioner of this knowledge is bound by several conditions and agreement with the Weretiger and this knowledge are still in practice generation by generation even after the Islamisation of the Malay Archipelago.
  • Adriaan Reland and Dutch Scholarship on Islam Scholarly and Religious Visions of the Muslim Pilgrimage

    Adriaan Reland and Dutch Scholarship on Islam Scholarly and Religious Visions of the Muslim Pilgrimage

    chapter 4 Adriaan Reland and Dutch Scholarship on Islam Scholarly and Religious Visions of the Muslim Pilgrimage Richard van Leeuwen The development of Dutch Oriental studies and the study of Islam was from the beginning of the seventeenth century connected with the religious debates between the Catholic Church in Rome and the various Protestant communi- ties in northern Europe. The Protestant scholars subverted the monopoly held by the Vatican on the study of Islam and its polemics against the ‘false’ faith, which was often based on incorrect presuppositions. Debates about Islam became rapidly entangled with opinions about religion in general or about Catholic doctrines and practices more specifically. In their anti-Catholic attitude the Protestant scholars even harboured some sympathy for certain aspects of Islam, although they emphasised that Muhammad should not be considered an authentic prophet. They argued for a more objective examina- tion of Islam, to be able to counter the rivalling faith more effectively. This tendency can be clearly observed in publications about Islam in the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. One may argue that the Protestant trend in Oriental studies culminated in Adriaan Reland’s famous compendium of Islamic doctrines De religione Mohammedica, which was published in 1705 and was subsequently translated into various languages. The second edition of the book, published in 1717, which was based on authentic Arabic manuscript sources, not only contained a con- cise but detailed survey of the main tenets and practices of Islam, but was also supplemented with a section in which the main European misperceptions of Islam were corrected.
  • Homer: an Arabic Portrait1

    Homer: an Arabic Portrait1

    Edin Muftić Homer: An Arabic portrait1 Homer is rightfully seen as the first teacher of Hellenism, the poet who educated the Greek, who in turn educated Europe. But, as is well known, Europe doesn’t have a monopoly on Greek heritage. It was also present in the Islamic tradition, where it manifested itself differently. Apart from phi- losophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine and pharmacology, Greek poetry, even if usually not translated, was also widely read among the Arab-Islamic intellectual elite. The author analyses the extent to which Homer’s works circulated, how well known were his poetics, and the influence his verses exerted during the heyday of Classical Arab-Islamic civilization. Keywords: Homer; translation movement; Al-Biruni; arabic poetry; Al-Farabi; Averroes INTRODUCTION The Greek and Arab epic tradition have much in common. Themes of tribal enmity, invasions and plunder, abduction of women, revenge, heroism, chivalry and love feature prom- inently in both traditions. While the Greeks have Hercules, Perseus, Theseus, Odysseus, Jason or Achilles, the Arabs have ʻAntar bin Šaddād (the “Arab Achilles”), Sayf bin ī Yazan, Az-Zīr Sālim and many others. When it comes to the actual performance of poetry, similarities be- Ḏ tween the two traditions are even greater. Homeric aoidos playing his lyre has a direct coun- terpart in Arab rawin playing his rababa. The Arab wandering poet often shares the fate of his Greek colleague (Imruʼ al-Qays, arafa and Al-Aʻšá, and Abū Nuwās and Al-Mutanabbī are the most famous examples). Greek tyrants who were famous for hosting poets like Ibycus, Anacre- Ṭ on, Simonides, Bacchylides or Pindar, while expelling others like Alcaeus, have a royal counter- part in An-Nuʻmān bin al-Mun ir, the ruler of Hira.
  • Proposal to Encode 0D5F MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II

    Proposal to Encode 0D5F MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II

    Proposal to encode 0D5F MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II Shriramana Sharma, jamadagni-at-gmail-dot-com, India 2012-May-22 §1. Introduction In the Malayalam Unicode encoding, the independent letter form for the long vowel Ī is: ഈ where the length mark ◌ൗ is appended to the short vowel ഇ to parallel the symbols for U/UU i.e. ഉ/ഊ. However, Ī was originally written as: As these are entirely different representations of Ī, although their sound value may be the same, it is proposed to encode the archaic form as a separate character. §2. Background As the core Unicode encoding for the major Indic scripts is based on ISCII, and the ISCII code chart for Malayalam only contained the modern form for the independent Ī [1, p 24]: … thus it is this written form that came to be encoded as 0D08 MALAYALAM LETTER II. While this “new” written form is seen in print as early as 1936 CE [2]: … there is no doubt that the much earlier form was parallel to the modern Grantha , both of which are derived from the old Grantha Ī as seen below: 1 ma - īdṛgvidhā | tatarāya īṇ Old Grantha from the Iḷaiyānputtūr copper plates [3, p 13]. Also seen is the Vatteḻuttu Ī of the same time (line 2, 2nd char from right) which also exhibits the two dots. Of course, both are derived from old South Indian Brahmi Ī which again has the two dots. It is said [entire paragraph: Radhakrishna Warrier, personal communication] that it was the poet Vaḷḷattōḷ Nārāyaṇa Mēnōn (1878–1958) who introduced the new form of Ī ഈ.
  • Alphabetization† †† Wendy Korwin*, Haakon Lund** *119 W

    Alphabetization† †† Wendy Korwin*, Haakon Lund** *119 W

    Knowl. Org. 46(2019)No.3 209 W. Korwin and H. Lund. Alphabetization Alphabetization† †† Wendy Korwin*, Haakon Lund** *119 W. Dunedin Rd., Columbus, OH 43214, USA, <[email protected]> **University of Copenhagen, Department of Information Studies, DK-2300 Copenhagen S Denmark, <[email protected]> Wendy Korwin received her PhD in American studies from the College of William and Mary in 2017 with a dissertation entitled Material Literacy: Alphabets, Bodies, and Consumer Culture. She has worked as both a librarian and an archivist, and is currently based in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Haakon Lund is Associate Professor at the University of Copenhagen, Department of Information Studies in Denmark. He is educated as a librarian (MLSc) from the Royal School of Library and Information Science, and his research includes research data management, system usability and users, and gaze interaction. He has pre- sented his research at international conferences and published several journal articles. Korwin, Wendy and Haakon Lund. 2019. “Alphabetization.” Knowledge Organization 46(3): 209-222. 62 references. DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2019-3-209. Abstract: The article provides definitions of alphabetization and related concepts and traces its historical devel- opment and challenges, covering analog as well as digital media. It introduces basic principles as well as standards, norms, and guidelines. The function of alphabetization is considered and related to alternatives such as system- atic arrangement or classification. Received: 18 February 2019; Revised: 15 March 2019; Accepted: 21 March 2019 Keywords: order, orders, lettering, alphabetization, arrangement † Derived from the article of similar title in the ISKO Encyclopedia of Knowledge Organization Version 1.0; published 2019-01-10.
  • Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi

    Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi

    Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution
  • An Investigation Into the Version That Shaped European Scholarship on the Arabic Bible

    An Investigation Into the Version That Shaped European Scholarship on the Arabic Bible

    Collectanea Christiana Orientalia 18 (2021): 237-259 Vevian Zaki Cataloger of Arabic Manuscripts Hill Museum and Manuscript Library Visiting Researcher Faculty of History University of Oxford The “Egyptian Vulgate” in Europe: An Investigation into the Version that Shaped European Scholarship on the Arabic Bible Introduction In the years from 1818 to 1821, August Scholz (1792–1852), a Catholic orientalist and biblical scholar, made many journeys to libraries across Europe seeking New Testament (NT) manuscripts. He wrote an account of his travels in his book Biblisch-kritische Reise, and in this book, Scholz wrote about all the NT manuscripts he encountered in each library he visited, whether they were in Greek, Latin, Syriac, or Arabic.1 What attracts the attention when it comes to the Arabic NT manuscripts is that he always compared their texts to the text of the printed edition of Erpenius.2 This edition of the Arabic NT was prepared in 1616 by Thomas Erpenius (1584-1624), the professor of Arabic studies at Leiden University—that is, two centuries before the time of Scholz. It was the first full Arabic NT to be printed in Europe, and its text was taken from Near Eastern manuscripts that will be discussed below. Those manuscripts which received particular attention from Scholz were those, such as MS Vatican, BAV, Ar. 13, whose text was rather different from that of Erpenius’s edition.3 1 Johann Martin Augustin Scholz, Biblisch-Kritische Reise in Frankreich, der Schweiz, Italien, Palästina und im Archipel in den Jahren 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821 (Leipzig: Fleischer, 1823). 2 Thomas Erpenius, ed.
  • A Beginner's Companion to Arabic Manuscripts

    A Beginner's Companion to Arabic Manuscripts

    A Beginner’s Companion to Arabic Manuscripts Adapted from an Intensive on Arabic Manuscripts by Shaykh Ṣāliḥ al-Azharī by Muntasir Zaman CONTENTS Preface 3 Key Terms 5 Gathering Manuscripts 8 Styles of Writing 13 Scribal Terminology 17 Extra Components of a Manuscript 23 Audition Certificate (Ṭibāq al-Samāʿ) 26 Book Title 30 The Scribe 32 Dates 34 Stages of a Manuscript 36 Arrangement of Manuscripts for Editing 40 Conclusion 42 Case Study 44 Bibliography 49 PREFACE While the invention of the typewriter in the 19th century opened avenues to proliferate knowledge that were hith- erto unfathomable, it also led to a host of negative conse- quences. For one, it created a disconnect between modern readers—who are accustomed to typed writing—and classi- cal handwritten manuscripts, leaving in its wake a genera- tion that struggles to tap into a rich resource of knowledge. Dealing with manuscripts is a science in itself. Therefore, one way to remedy the current situation is to increase ex- posure to classical manuscripts and study the fundamentals with experts in the field. Shaykh Ṣāliḥ b. Muḥammad al-Azharī, a seasoned cura- tor at the Egyptian National Library, conducted a ten-day intensive on studying Arabic manuscripts. The intensive was divided into fourteen lectures. It comprised a theoret- ical exposé of the most important concepts that a student should be aware of when dealing with Arabic manuscripts. With over a decade of professional experience in handling manuscripts, he seamlessly explained fundamental concepts in the field and provided countless practical examples. The following companion is based on notes that I took during the intensive.