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I the Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe i The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe © loop et al., 2017 | doi 10.1163/9789004338623_001 This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License. ii The History of Oriental Studies Editors Alastair Hamilton (University of London) Jan Loop (University of Kent) Advisory Board Thomas Burman (Notre Dame) Charles Burnett (London) – Bernard Heyberger (Paris) Noel Malcolm (Oxford) – Jan Schmidt (Leiden) Francis Richard (Paris) – Arnoud Vrolijk (Leiden) Joanna Weinberg (Oxford) VOLUME 3 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hos iii The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe Edited by Jan Loop Alastair Hamilton Charles Burnett LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC License, which iv permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro - vided the original author(s) and source are credited. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 291827. The project Encounters with the Orient in Early Modern European Scholarship is financially supported by the HERA Joint Research Programme (www.heranet.info<http://www.heranet.info>) which is co-funded by AHRC, AKA, BMBF via PT-DLR, DASTI, ETAG, FCT, FNR, FNRS, FWF, FWO, HAZU, IRC, LMT, MHEST, NWO, NCN, RANNÍS, RCN, VR and The European Community FP7 2007-2013, under the Socio- economic Sciences and Humanities programme. The support of HERA has made it possible to publish this book in Open Access Cover illustration: © Leiden University Libraries, Icones 81 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Loop, Jan editor. | Hamilton, Alastair, 1941- editor. | Burnett, Charles (Charles S. F.) editor. Title: The teaching and learning of Arabic in early modern Europe / edited by Jan Loop, Alastair Hamilton, Charles Burnett. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2017. | Series: The history of Oriental studies ; volume 3 | Based on a conference held on 16 November 2013 at the National Museum of Antiquities (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, RMO), in Leiden. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016051518 (print) | LCCN 2016053080 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004328143 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004338623 (E-book) Subjects: LCSH: Arabic language--Study and teaching (Higher)--Europe--History--17th century--Congresses. | Arabists--Europe--History--17th century--Congresses. Classification: LCC PJ6068.E85 T43 2017 (print) | LCC PJ6068.E85 (ebook) | DDC 492.7/8007104--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016051518 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2405-4488 isbn 978-90-04-32814-3 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-33862-3 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by the Authors and Editors. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. ContentsContents v Contents List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations viii Short Biographies of the Authors and Editors ix Introduction 1 Jan Loop 1 Arabic Studies in the Netherlands and the Prerequisite of Social Impact – a Survey 13 Arnoud Vrolijk 2 Learning Arabic in Early Modern England 33 Mordechai Feingold 3 Johann Zechendorff (1580–1662) and Arabic Studies at Zwickau’s Latin School 57 Asaph Ben-Tov 4 Arabia in the Light of the Midnight Sun: Arabic Studies in Sweden between Gustaf Peringer Lillieblad and Jonas Hallenberg 93 Bernd Roling 5 Sacred History, Sacred Languages: The Question of Arabic in Early Modern Spain 133 Mercedes García-Arenal and Fernando Rodríguez Mediano 6 The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Salamanca in the Early Modern Period 163 Nuria Martínez de Castilla Muñoz 7 Teaching and Learning Arabic in Early Modern Rome: Shaping a Missionary Language 189 Aurélien Girard 8 The Qur’an as Chrestomathy in Early Modern Europe 213 Alastair Hamilton vi Contents Contents Contents Contents v 9 Arabic Poetry as Teaching Material in Early Modern Grammars and List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations viii Textbooks 230 Short Biographies of the Authors and Editors ix Introduction 1 Jan Loop Jan Loop Chapter 1 Arabic Studies in the Netherlands and the Prerequisite of Social Impact – a Survey 13 Arnoud Vrolijk Chapter 2 10 Learning to Write, Read and Speak Arabic Outside of Early Modern Learning Arabic in Early-Modern England* 33 Mordechai Feingold Universities 252 Chapter 3 Johann Zechendorff (1580–1662) and Arabic Studies at Zwickau’s Latin School* 57 Sonja Brentjes Asaph Ben-Tov Chapter 4 Arabia in the Light of the Midnight Sun: Arabic Studies in Sweden between Gustaf Peringer Lillieblad and Jonas Hallenberg* 93 11 Learning Arabic in the Overseas Factories: The Case of the Bernd Roling Chapter 5 García-Arenal and Rodríguez Mediano English 272 Sacred History, Sacred Languages: The question of Arabic in Early Modern Spain* 133 Mercedes García-Arenal and Fernando Rodríguez Mediano Simon Mills Chapter 6 The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Salamanca in the Early Modern Period* 163 Nuria Martínez de Castilla Muñoz Chapter 7 Teaching and Learning Arabic in Early Modern Rome: Shaping a Missionary Language* 189 12 Learning Oriental Languages in the Ottoman Empire: Aurélien Girard Chapter 8 Johannes Heyman (1667–1737) between Izmir and Damascus 294 The Qur’an as Chrestomathy in Early Modern Europe* 213 Alastair Hamilton Maurits H. van den Boogert Chapter 9 Arabic Poetry as Teaching Material in Early Modern Grammars and Textbooks* 230 Jan Loop Chapter 10 Learning to Write, Read and Speak Arabic Outside of Early Modern Universities 252 13 The Life and Hard Times of Solomon Negri: An Arabic Teacher in Sonja Brentjes Chapter 11 Early Modern Europe 310 Learning Arabic in the Overseas Factories: The Case of the English* 272 John-Paul A. Ghobrial Simon Mills Chapter 12 Learning Oriental Languages in the Ottoman Empire: Johannes Heyman (1667–1737) between Izmir and Damascus 294 Maurits H. van den Boogert Index 333 Chapter 13 The Life and Hard Times of Solomon Negri: An Arabic Teacher in Early Modern Europe* 310 John-Paul A. Ghobrial Index 333 List of FiguresList of Figures vii List of Figures 1.1 Oration of Thomas Erpenius (1584–1624) on the ‘Excellence and Dignity of the Arabic language’, May 1613 (printed Leiden, 1615 or later), title page. [Leiden University Libraries, 1369 D 38] 14 1.2 The cabinet of curiosities of Leiden University, with an Egyptian mummy donated by David Le Leu de Wilhem (1588–1658) in the far right corner. Les delices de Leide …, Leiden, 1712, facing p. 83. [Leiden University Libraries, 403 G 15] 17 1.3 The coffin of the Prophet Muhammad miraculously floating in the air, in anonymous, Historie van den Oorspronck … des grooten valschen Propheets Mahomets, Leiden, 1627, p. 23. [Leiden University Libraries, 1144 A 46] 24 1.4 ‘Les diverses postures des Turcs en priant’, illustrating ‘Turks’ during prayer in Adriaan Reland (1676–1718), La religion des Mahometans …, The Hague, 1721, facing p. 49. [Leiden University Libraries, 409 F 5] 29 3.1 Zechendorff, Septem Psalmorum poenitentialium Para-Phrasis Arabica, RSBZ, MS 18.4.29 fols. 204v-205r 61 3.2 Zechendorff, Circuli conjugationum, Zwickau 1645, RSBZ 87 3.3 Zechendorff, Circuli conjugationum, Zwickau 1645, RSBZ 88 3.4 Zechendorff, Circuli conjugationum, Zwickau 1645, RSBZ 89 viii List Of Figures List of Abbreviations ACDF Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede, Rome ACPF Archivio della Congregazione di Propaganda Fide, Rome ADB Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie AFSt/H Franckeschen Stiftungen, Halle ANF Archives Nationales de France, Paris AUS Archivo Universitario de Salamanca BAV Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana BL British Library, London BNE Biblioteca Nacional de España, Madrid BnF Bibliotèque nationale de France, Paris Bodl. Oxf. Bodleian Library, Oxford BSB Bayrische Staatsbibliothek, Munich CUL Cambridge University Library EIC East India Company FBG Forschungsbibliothek Gotha GUL Glasgow University Library IOR India Office Records LUL Leiden University Library NDB Neue Deutsche Biographie ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography RSBZ Ratsschulbibliothek Zwickau SP State Papers SPCK Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge TNA The National Archives, Kew UUL Uppsala University Library ZBZ Zentralbibliothek Zurich Short BiographiesShort Biographies of the Authors of the and Authors Editors and Editors ix Short Biographies of the Authors and Editors Asaph Ben-Tov Ph.D. (2007), Hebrew University Jerusalem. He is the author of Lutheran Humanists and Greek Antiquity (Leiden, 2009) as well as several articles on the Classical tradition and Oriental studies in early modern Germany. He is cur- rently working on a biography of the seventeenth-century Orientalist Johann Ernst Gerhard (1621–1668) as well as on a more comprehensive book on Oriental studies in
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