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Ningxia Desertified Land Distribution EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project World Bank loan Public Disclosure Authorized Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Client: Ningxia Forestry International Cooperative Project Management Center EIA unit: Environment Planning and Assessment Institute, Nankai University EIA certificate: EIA No. 1108, Environmental Protection Ministry, P. R. China Public Disclosure Authorized December 2011 Tianjin, P. R. China 1 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project Preface In recent years, the use of the world bank loan for afforestation project items have many successful cases, such as ―Forestry Resources Development and Protection Project‖， ―Forestry Development Project in Poor Areas‖, ―Sustainable Development of Forestry Project‖,―Comprehensive Forestry Development in China‖, ―Guangxi Comprehensive Forestry Development and Protection Project‖ and ―Shandong Ecological Afforestation Project‖, etc, which actually promote the ecological environment conservation and forestry development in China. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in west of China with bad ecological environment, especially serious land desertification. The existing desertification land is up to 1,257,000 hectares, accounting for 18.93% of the total land area 6,640,000 hectares. Through the past 50 years of hard work, the trend of land desertification has been inhibited to a certain degree, but the problem land desertification was still serious in local areas since improper grazing, exploitation and wood-cutting, which restricts the socioeconomic sustainable development and improvement of the ecological environment in Ningxia. For this purpose, in the five years during 2012~2016, the government of Ningxia Hui autonomous region intends to make use of the world bank loans to fulfill the area of desertification control 72,000 hectares in Mowusu sand and the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River in Ningxia part, including 7 counties (cities or districts): Xingqing district of Yinchuan city, Litong district of Wuzhong city, Lingwu city, Qingtongxia city, Pingluo county, Yanchi county, Zhongwei city. The implementation of the project will improve the ecological situation of Yellow River banks in Ningxia, accelerate the ecological improvement, adjust the forestry industrial structure and promote the socio-economic sustainable development. On the other hand, the sand land in Ningxia Hedong and western Inner Mongolia is one of the main sources of the dust in Beijing-Tianjin area. The implementation of the project will be helpful to reduce sand, floating dust and sandstorm weather across the regions. Of course, this project is conformity with the overall planning 2 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project of forestry development and―11th Five-Year‖forestry development plan and prevention and control of desertification plan in Ningxia Hui autonomous region. According to ―Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment‖and other relevant laws and the EIA requirements of the world bank, Ningxia Forestry International Cooperative Project Management Center in June 2010 entrusts the EIA work of the project ―World Bank Loan-Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project‖ to Environment Planning and Assessment Institute, Nankai University. Then, the EIA unit organized the team to write the EIA outline for this project. After the EIA outline was passed by the relevant experts of the World Bank in China, the EIA unit made investigations in the project area for the related counties (cities, districts) and, drew up the EIA report for ―World Bank Financed-Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project‖ based on the full data collecting and thorough investigations. In the process of writing the report, the Ningxia Forestry International Cooperative Project Management Center and related forestry leaders, experts and colleagues from the relevant districts, cities and counties gave the warm and steadfast supports, Mr Feng yi-ren, the experimental expert of the World Bank, gave many constructive amendments to the finalization of the report. We here sincerely thank to the all above! 3 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project Contents PREFACE ···················································································································· 2 CONTENTS·················································································································· 4 1 BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT (EIA) ············································· 6 1.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF DRAWING UP THE EIA REPORT ····························································· 6 1.2 AIM OF EIA ·········································································································· 7 1.3 GUIDING IDEOLOGY OF EIA ······················································································ 8 1.4 PRINCIPLES OF EIA ································································································ 9 1.5 SCOPE AND EMPHASIS OF EIA ·················································································· 10 1.6 THE TECHNICAL ROUTE OF EIA ················································································ 12 1.7 EVALUATION FACTORS AND INDEX SYSTEM OF EIA ························································· 12 1.8 TEAM OF EIA IN THE PROJECT ················································································· 19 2 SURVEY OF THE PROJECT ····················································································· 21 2.1 NECESSITY OF THE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ································································ 21 2.2 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT ······················································································ 26 2.3 PLAN OF FOREST TYPES AND TREE SPECIES ·································································· 31 2.4 TECHNICAL MODES OF AFFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION CONTROL ····························· 32 2.5 LAYOUT OF PROJECT DIVISION AND CONSTRUCTION DEADLINE OF THE PROJECT ····················· 33 2.6 SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING ···································· 34 2.7 SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN ························································ 35 3 LAWS, REGULATIONS AND PLANS OBEYED BY THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ······ 36 3.1 NATIONAL/NINGXIA LAWS AND REGULATIONS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ·········· 36 3.2 TECHNICAL GUIDELINES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ···································· 37 3.3 REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORLD BANK ······································································· 37 3.4 THE NATIAONAL AND NINGXIA RELEVANT PLANS ··························································· 37 3.5 CONFORMABILITY BETWEEN STATE AND NINGXIA RELEVANT PLANS AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE ADJUSTMENT ············································································································ 39 4 NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT REGION ··························· 46 4.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ························································································ 46 4.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ··················································································· 60 4.3 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ·························································································· 63 4.4 THE DESERTIFICATION LAND IN THE PROJECT AREA NINGXIA ············································ 71 5 THE POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT ·· 80 5.1 IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON CARBON SINK/SOURCE ······························ 80 5.2 IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON WIND-SAND DAMAGE AS WELL AS WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION IN PROJECT AREA ···················································································· 87 5.3 THE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON SOIL ··············································· 89 4 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project 5.4 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON BIODIVERSITY ··································· 92 5.5 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON REGULATION OF REGIONAL MICROCLIMATE 96 5.6 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON AMMOPIPTANTHUS MONGOLICUS COMMUNITY AND POPULUS EUPHRATICA STAND ··················································································· 96 5.7 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ·························· 102 5.8 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ECO-SERVICE VALUE ··························· 103 5.9 THE EFFECT OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON SOCIAL ECONOMY ······························· 108 5.10 THE EFFECTS OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON THE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ···················· 110 5.11 THE IMPACT ON THE SITE OF MING GREAT WALL ························································ 112 6 THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR ALLEVIATING MEASURES ······································································· 114 6.1 ECOLOGICAL
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