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EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project World Bank loan Public Disclosure Authorized Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Client: Ningxia Forestry International Cooperative Project Management Center EIA unit: Environment Planning and Assessment Institute, Nankai University EIA certificate: EIA No. 1108, Environmental Protection Ministry, P. R. China Public Disclosure Authorized December 2011 Tianjin, P. R. China 1 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project Preface In recent years, the use of the world bank loan for afforestation project items have many successful cases, such as ―Forestry Resources Development and Protection Project‖， ―Forestry Development Project in Poor Areas‖, ―Sustainable Development of Forestry Project‖,―Comprehensive Forestry Development in China‖, ―Guangxi Comprehensive Forestry Development and Protection Project‖ and ―Shandong Ecological Afforestation Project‖, etc, which actually promote the ecological environment conservation and forestry development in China. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in west of China with bad ecological environment, especially serious land desertification. The existing desertification land is up to 1,257,000 hectares, accounting for 18.93% of the total land area 6,640,000 hectares. Through the past 50 years of hard work, the trend of land desertification has been inhibited to a certain degree, but the problem land desertification was still serious in local areas since improper grazing, exploitation and wood-cutting, which restricts the socioeconomic sustainable development and improvement of the ecological environment in Ningxia. For this purpose, in the five years during 2012~2016, the government of Ningxia Hui autonomous region intends to make use of the world bank loans to fulfill the area of desertification control 72,000 hectares in Mowusu sand and the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River in Ningxia part, including 7 counties (cities or districts): Xingqing district of Yinchuan city, Litong district of Wuzhong city, Lingwu city, Qingtongxia city, Pingluo county, Yanchi county, Zhongwei city. The implementation of the project will improve the ecological situation of Yellow River banks in Ningxia, accelerate the ecological improvement, adjust the forestry industrial structure and promote the socio-economic sustainable development. On the other hand, the sand land in Ningxia Hedong and western Inner Mongolia is one of the main sources of the dust in Beijing-Tianjin area. The implementation of the project will be helpful to reduce sand, floating dust and sandstorm weather across the regions. Of course, this project is conformity with the overall planning 2 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project of forestry development and―11th Five-Year‖forestry development plan and prevention and control of desertification plan in Ningxia Hui autonomous region. According to ―Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment‖and other relevant laws and the EIA requirements of the world bank, Ningxia Forestry International Cooperative Project Management Center in June 2010 entrusts the EIA work of the project ―World Bank Loan-Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project‖ to Environment Planning and Assessment Institute, Nankai University. Then, the EIA unit organized the team to write the EIA outline for this project. After the EIA outline was passed by the relevant experts of the World Bank in China, the EIA unit made investigations in the project area for the related counties (cities, districts) and, drew up the EIA report for ―World Bank Financed-Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project‖ based on the full data collecting and thorough investigations. In the process of writing the report, the Ningxia Forestry International Cooperative Project Management Center and related forestry leaders, experts and colleagues from the relevant districts, cities and counties gave the warm and steadfast supports, Mr Feng yi-ren, the experimental expert of the World Bank, gave many constructive amendments to the finalization of the report. We here sincerely thank to the all above! 3 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project Contents PREFACE ···················································································································· 2 CONTENTS·················································································································· 4 1 BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT (EIA) ············································· 6 1.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF DRAWING UP THE EIA REPORT ····························································· 6 1.2 AIM OF EIA ·········································································································· 7 1.3 GUIDING IDEOLOGY OF EIA ······················································································ 8 1.4 PRINCIPLES OF EIA ································································································ 9 1.5 SCOPE AND EMPHASIS OF EIA ·················································································· 10 1.6 THE TECHNICAL ROUTE OF EIA ················································································ 12 1.7 EVALUATION FACTORS AND INDEX SYSTEM OF EIA ························································· 12 1.8 TEAM OF EIA IN THE PROJECT ················································································· 19 2 SURVEY OF THE PROJECT ····················································································· 21 2.1 NECESSITY OF THE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ································································ 21 2.2 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT ······················································································ 26 2.3 PLAN OF FOREST TYPES AND TREE SPECIES ·································································· 31 2.4 TECHNICAL MODES OF AFFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION CONTROL ····························· 32 2.5 LAYOUT OF PROJECT DIVISION AND CONSTRUCTION DEADLINE OF THE PROJECT ····················· 33 2.6 SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING ···································· 34 2.7 SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN ························································ 35 3 LAWS, REGULATIONS AND PLANS OBEYED BY THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ······ 36 3.1 NATIONAL/NINGXIA LAWS AND REGULATIONS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ·········· 36 3.2 TECHNICAL GUIDELINES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ···································· 37 3.3 REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORLD BANK ······································································· 37 3.4 THE NATIAONAL AND NINGXIA RELEVANT PLANS ··························································· 37 3.5 CONFORMABILITY BETWEEN STATE AND NINGXIA RELEVANT PLANS AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE ADJUSTMENT ············································································································ 39 4 NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT REGION ··························· 46 4.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ························································································ 46 4.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ··················································································· 60 4.3 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ·························································································· 63 4.4 THE DESERTIFICATION LAND IN THE PROJECT AREA NINGXIA ············································ 71 5 THE POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT ·· 80 5.1 IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON CARBON SINK/SOURCE ······························ 80 5.2 IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON WIND-SAND DAMAGE AS WELL AS WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION IN PROJECT AREA ···················································································· 87 5.3 THE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON SOIL ··············································· 89 4 EIA Report for World Bank Financed - Ningxia Desertification Control and Ecological Protection Project 5.4 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON BIODIVERSITY ··································· 92 5.5 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON REGULATION OF REGIONAL MICROCLIMATE 96 5.6 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON AMMOPIPTANTHUS MONGOLICUS COMMUNITY AND POPULUS EUPHRATICA STAND ··················································································· 96 5.7 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ·························· 102 5.8 THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ECO-SERVICE VALUE ··························· 103 5.9 THE EFFECT OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON SOCIAL ECONOMY ······························· 108 5.10 THE EFFECTS OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ON THE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ···················· 110 5.11 THE IMPACT ON THE SITE OF MING GREAT WALL ························································ 112 6 THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR ALLEVIATING MEASURES ······································································· 114 6.1 ECOLOGICAL
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    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
  • Occurrence of Trichophyton Verrucosum in Cattle in the Ningxia

    Occurrence of Trichophyton Verrucosum in Cattle in the Ningxia

    Guo et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2020) 16:187 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02403-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Occurrence of Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region, China Yanan Guo1, Song Ge1, Haifeng Luo1, Atif Rehman1, Yong Li2 and Shenghu He1* Abstract Background: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is an important cattle breeding area in China, and cattle breeding bases are located in this area. In Ningxia, dermatophytes have not been paid attention to, so dermatophytosis is becoming more and more serious. For effective control measures, it is important to determine the disease prevalence and isolate and identify the pathogenic microorganism. Results: The study showed the prevalence of dermatophytes was 15.35% (74/482). The prevalence in calf was higher than adult cattle (p < 0.05). The morbidity was the highest in winter compared with autumn (p < 0.0001), summer (p < 0.05) and spring (p < 0.0001). The prevalence in Guyuan was the highest compared with Yinchuan (p < 0.05) and Shizuishan (p < 0.05). The incidence of lesions on the face, head, neck, trunk and whole body was 20.43, 38.71, 20.43, 10.75 and 9.68%, respectively. From all samples, the isolation rate of Trichophyton was highest (61.1%). The phylogenetic tree constructed showed that the 11 pathogenic fungi were on the same branch as Trichophyton verrucosum. Conclusions: This study reports, for the first time, the presence of Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle in Ningxia and showed that the incidence of dermatophytosis is related to different regions, ages and seasons.