ANNUAL REPORT 2010-2011
SEAMEO TROPMED REGIONAL CENTRE FOR MICROBIOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Introduction
The Institute for Medical Research (IMR) is one of the network of research institutions under National Institute of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia. The NIH identifies research priorities areas through conduct of research, leading to utilization and translation of research findings into new knowledge, development of better tools for the diagnosis and management of important health problems, health policy formulation, health management, and health promotion.
IMR main function is to carry out research to identify, elucidate, control and prevent diseases and health issues prevalent in the country. Its mission is to improve health by 1) carrying out quality biomedical research to address national health priorities, 2) providing specialized diagnostic services and 3) building national capacity through technology transfer and consultative services. IMR also provide specialized diagnostic services, training in specialized fields and consultative /advisory services to health providers, managers and planners in improving the health of the Malaysian population. IMR’s vision is to be recognised internationally by the scientific community as the leading centre for biomedical research.
IMR Research programmes are geared towards these various identified priority areas by NIH and in line with the health problems of the country. The NIH health priorities includes Infectious Disease of Major Public Health Problems such as Dengue, malaria, Ischaemic Heart Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Cancers, Respiratory Diseases, Diabetes, Health Policy and Systems,
1 Pharmaceuticals and Medical devices, Respiratory Diseases and Mental Disease. Research findings and results are used by managers and administrators of Ministry of Health, other ministries and other government agencies which are related to health, in forming, implementing and evaluating activities for the diagnosis, prevention and control of diseases in the country.
IMR consisted of one Administrative Centre, seven Research Centres (Allergy and Immunology, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Diabetes and Nutrition, Environmental Health, Herbal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research Centre) and one Diagnostic Centre.
The IMR has 869 posts, of which 623 (71.69%) have been filled. There are 11 persons in the Senior Management group, 183 persons in the Managerial and Professional Group, comprising scientists, doctors, dentists, veterinarians, librarians, system analysts, a statistician, a pharmacist and administrative officers. The rest of the staff i.e. 429 persons belong to the Technical and Support group. The total expenditure of the Institute in 2010 was about RM 80.87 million.
SEAMEO TROPMED Network Malaysia : SEAMEO TROPMED Network Malaysia is located in IMR, it serves as the SEAMEO TROPMED Regional Centre for Microbiology, Parasitology and Entomology. As a NETWORK of the Regional Centres, IMR also serves to facilitate the strengthening of national and institutional capabilities in research and human resource development through various training and postgraduate degree programmes, linkages, personnel exchanges, scientific forums, technical consultant services, publications and information dissemination. The two main regular training programmes conducted by IMR each year are the Diploma in Applied Parasitology and Entomology (D.A.P&E) and Diploma in Medical Microbiology (DMM) post graduate courses.
2 Academic Programmes
Post graduate programmes, SEAMEO TROPMED courses, the Diploma in Applied Parasitology and Entomology (DAP&E) and Diploma in Medical Microbiology (DMM) as usual were conducted yearly. Both provide training in theory and practical in various aspects of Medical Parasitology, Entomology and Medical Microbiology. These courses were designed to train Medical Doctors, Scientists and other health personnel in basic and advance Medical Parasitology, Entomology and Medical Microbiology, as well as skills in conducting research, diagnostic services and approaches in control programmes.
In 2010, the Centre has made a rescheduling of the courses such that both courses are conducted within a year. Both are conducted for a duration of 5 months each. The DMM course is from March to July and the DAP&E course from August to December each year. The Center has also made a little changes to the modules especially in the DAPE course by rewording some of the titles of the modules, in particular the Parasitology module. The DMM modules remain the same. There was no DMM course conducted in 2010 partly because of these rearrangements and the renovation of the facility.,
DAP&E
The 41th DAP&E Course was conducted from 4th May to 16th October 2010. A total of 16 candidates from 11 countries attended the course, which comprised one each from Maldives, Uganda, Kyrgyzstan, Suriname, Zambia, and Liberia, 2 each from Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Cambodia, and Albania, and 2 from Malaysia. The SEAMEO-TROPMED programme sponsored 4 candidates, 2 from Cambodia, and 2 from Malaysia. The Malaysian Technical Cooperation Programme (MTCP) supported 8 candidates, 1 each from Uganda, Maldives, Kyrgyzstan, Suriname, Zambia, and Liberia and 2 from Albania. The WHO sponsored all candidates from Vanuatu and Solomon Islands.
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A total of 16 candidates passed the final examination with 3 candidates passing with distinction (1st Distinction was Ms See Kah Heng from Malaysia, 2nd Mr. Elton Rogozi from Albania and 3rd was Mr. Gracious Adams Simwanza from Zambia). Ms See Kah Heng from Malaysia was awarded the Best Student Award and Mr. Wesley Donald from Vanuatu was awarded the Best Thesis Award. The projects thesis submitted in partial fulfillments of the 2010 DAP&E course are as listed in Appendix 1.
DMM
DMM was not offered in 2010. The Centre’s take the opportunity to do renovation of the facility including the teaching room, laboratory and the computer room. The renovated facilities are shown in Appendix 2.
IMR Research Activities
Staff members of the Institute were engaged in 102 research projects, 61 for year 2010, (Appendix 3) and 41 research projects in 2011 (Appendix 4). Majority of research projects are sponsored by the Ministry of Health Malaysia, and some by other International and National funding agency. The research projects comprising several disciplines including Infectious Tropical Diseases such as dengue, malaria and Chikungunya, Environmental Health, Drug Discovery, Stem Cell, Tuberculosis research, and others. The Institute published 75 scientific papers in 2010 (Appendix 5) and 56 in 2011 (Appendix 6). In addition, staff of the Institute were involved in presentations at local and International Seminars.
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN IMR
In 2010, staff members of the Institute were engaged in 83 projects. The Institute published 75 scientific papers and produced 11 reports. The reports were generally prepared to meet specific requests made by various government
4 departments and agencies. In addition, staff of the Institute was involved in 191 presentations at local and International Seminars
1. RESEARCH ON CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change and Its health implications was the topic for the Thematic symposium during the 49th GBM of SEAMEO TROPMED Network. The paper presentation included facts about climate change, recent experiences on climate change and its effect on health in general and on infectious diseases in particular. The presentation was followed by small group discussions. The body unanimously agreed that climate change is a concern of the network. The Network committed to undertake Health and Climate Change research. The Centre is currently very active in Climate Change research. The following are research being conducted and plan for Climate Change:
1. Dengue adaptation strategies and 2007 Johor flood This project studies the adequacy of dengue adaptation measures during the Johor flood of 2007 an extreme weather event consistent with climate change. The meteorological data (time trends for precipitation, relative humidity and temperature) and dengue incidence data before, during and after the Johor flood in 2007 will be analysed to determine the adequacy of adaptation strategies for dengue. This project has started and expected to finished by March 2012
2. Temperature variability and climate change impact on health: strengthening adaptation strategies for dengue and other climate sensitive diseases. The objective of this project is to develop and test stable disease- climate change mathematical predictive model suitable in the Malaysian context in supporting and monitoring the implementation of adaptation strategies for climate change. For this project, application have been submitted on the 18 October 2010 by the IMR, MOH under the Japan’s Technical Cooperation for Technical Cooperation Project / Technical Cooperation for Development Planning to secure the services of Professor Yasushi Honda from the
5 Department of Health Care Policy & Management, University of Tsukuba who is involved in WHO climate change study on temperature and mortality/morbidity relationship. He has also contributed to IPCC report. The result for Japan Technical Cooperation is expected to be announced in September 2011. If successful, Professor Honda will be available to us for repeated short periods until December 2012 in carrying out the project
3. Development of a risk assessment tool for managing the health impact of climate change The proposal has been submitted to WHO for funding on 6 May 2011, if successful the project will start in 2012 and end in 2013. A disease and climate change modeling workshop is included in the package.
THE CENTRE’S OUTPUT ON “CLIMATE CHANGE” PRESENTATION: 1. Paper presentation entitled Climate Change and Emerging Environmental Health Issues as invited speaker at the ‘1st Regional Health Sciences & Nursing Conference 22-24 February 2011 organised by the Faculty of Health Sciences, MARA University of Technology, Shah Alam, Malaysia (Dr. Muhammad Amir Kamaluddin).
2. Paper presentation entitled Climate Change Impact on Public Health: Strengthening the Case for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in Malaysia at the 22nd PACIFIC SCIENCE CONGRESS subtheme Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change and Green House Gas mitigation from 14- 17 JUN 2011 at Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia (Dr. Muhammad Amir Kamaluddin)
3. Paper presentation entitled Climate Change and Impact on Health at the National Conference on The Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and their Consequences to Major Economic Sectors on 25 July 2011 organised by Academy of Science Malaysia and National Hydrology
6 Research Institute Malaysia in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Dr. Muhammad Amir Kamaluddin)
PUBLICATION
1. Contributor to Malaysia 2nd National Communication to the UNFCC January 2011 (Dr. Lokman Hakim Sulaiman, Dr. Nik Muhammad Nizam and Dr. Leela Anthony)
2. Study on the Status of Climate Change Impact on Water-related Issues (Dr. Nik Muhammad Nizam) - Member ASM Task Force on Climate Change and Water Resources contribution to Academy of Science Malaysia Study Report 1/2011:
MEMBERSHIP
1. Member, Working Committee on Research and Innovation under Green Technology and Climate Change Council Malaysia (Dr. Shahnaz Murad, Director of IMR).
2. Member, Working Committee on Adaptation under Green Technology and Climate Change Council Malaysia (Dr. Shahnaz Murad, Director of IMR).
3. Chair, Expert Group on Health under Research and Innovation Working Committee, within the framework of Green Technology and Climate Change Council Malaysia (Dr. Shahnaz Murad, Director of IMR).
4. Member Working Committee for Public Awareness and Promotion within the framework of Green Technology and Climate Change Council Malaysia at MOH level (Dr. Shahnaz Murad, Director of IMR).
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2.Allergy and Immunology Research Centre
In 2010, the AIRC was reorganised into four Units, namely the Allergy Unit, Autoimmune Disease Unit, Immunogenetics Unit and the Primary Immunodeficiency Unit. The Allergy Unit continues to focus on using a proteomic approach for identifying the major allergens in food. The Autoimmune Disease Unit is exploring the role of autoantibodies in foetal loss, celiac disease and paraneoplastic syndrome. Studies are also on going to determine the gene- environment interaction in rheumatoid arthritis. The Unit coordinates the National Quality Assurance Programme for Antinuclear Antibody Testing (ANA). The Primary Immunodeficiency Unit is continuing its research into the genetic abnormalities associated with Chronic Granulomatous disease, the genetics of neutrophil functional disorders and B cell defects in Primary Immunodeficiency Disease. The Immunogenetics Unit was engaged in research on HLA association with aplastic anaemia and in determining the frequency of HLA alleles in the local population. A collaborative study on the role of immune parameters in the pathogenesis of dengue and severe dengue was also started in the Centre.
3.Cancer Research Centre
The Haematology Unit carried out research using high-resolution Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) technique to discover submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations in unexplained syndromic patients. Among the one hundred chromosomally-normal patients with syndromic features, 49 (49%) were identified as having unique microdeletion and/or
8 microamplification at various chromosomal sites with aberration sizes ranging from 1.0 to 7.5 Mbp. Using this method, at least 30 genes have been identified to be associated with known syndromes. This technology offers clinical geneticists a powerful new tool for genome wide screening and confer important implications in genetic counselling and the quality of patient health care in future.
The Molecular Pathology Unit of the Cancer Research Centre continued to carry out studies on cancer and genetics, with a particular emphasis on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a major cancer in Malaysia. The unit studied the role of several genes of the Epstein Barr Virus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In another study, metal compounds were found to potently and selectively kill cancer cells when compared to their non-cancer counterparts. The unit also carried out a preliminary study to identify and characterise cells with stem like properties in NPC.
To ensure quality of the diagnostic testing service, the unit participated in the External Quality Assurance Programme in Molecular Genetics offered by the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia. The unit continued to offer its expertise to support other units in the area of molecular techniques. Members of the unit were also involved in the establishment of a biospecimen bank to collect specimens for research.
The Stomatology unit’s clinico-pathological research this year was on congenital epulis, a fairly rare soft tissue tumour that occurs exclusively on the alveolar ridge of newborns and a clinicopathologic study of neurilemmomas (Schwannomas) of the orofacial region.
4.Cardiovascular, Diabetes & Nutrition Research Centre (CDNRC)
The main research activities in the Cardiovascular and Diabetes Mellitus Unit are in areas of diabetes and natural products with emphasis in compounds that affect
9 the endocrine systems. The current research is the Metabolic Syndrome Study in Malaysia, studies on Labisia pumila var alata, LPva, (Kacip Fatimah) extract with phytoestrogenic effects and Biomarkers for Diabetic Nephropathy in Malay Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
The Nutrition unit research activities focus on the area of functional food and analytical food chemistry. The current project is on the Malaysian Edible Bird’s nest nutritional values and its effect on certain important cells in the body. Other projects on food safety research are the utilization of commercial sanitizers against native microflora of mung bean and sprouts; determination of biogenic amines levels and microbial contamination in local fish-based food and identifying best manufacturing practices to reduce biogenic amines levels and analysis of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in vegetables and fruits samples using Polarography technique. Since the unit is now focused on research, routine diagnostic tests such as vitamin A and E in food and serum samples and proximate tests are no longer offered to the public and hospitals. All specialised tests provided are for research purpose only.
5.Environmental Health Research Centre (EHRC)
The Environmental Health Research Centre (EHRC) research activities broadly encompass two main disciplines; (1) health risk assessment with regards to air and water pollution and food quality and safety issues; and (2) Occupational health issues. The following projects received the MOH grant under 9th Malaysian Plan: qualitative microbial risk assessment of drinking water, assessment of private water supply, coastal recreational water quality, risk assessment of selected pesticide residues in food, air pollution modelling using remote sensing, environmental survey and quantification of carcinogenic pollutants, environmental and reproductive risk factors of breast cancer and cervical cancer, and linkage of congenital anomalies to the environment.
10 The Occupational Health Unit is currently conducting three main researches: (1) Risk of tuberculosis infection among government hospital workers in the Klang Valley, (2) Prevalence of silicosis among quarry workers in Peninsular Malaysia, and (3) Collaborative research with Engineering Services Division, Ministry of Health on indoor environmental quality which includes physical, chemical and comfort parameters of indoor working environment as well as health care workers’ perception on indoor environment of government hospitals in Malaysia.
EHRC continued its role in supporting IMR as a member of National Committee on Green Technology and Climate Change. It also contributed in preparing the draft document on National Environmental Health Action Plan (NEHAP) which will be tabled in Parliament in 2011. The EHRC continued as the secretariat for National Advisory Committee on Environmental Health and had organised the annual Environmental Health Forum with the theme "Indoor Environmental Quality" which had 180 participants from government agencies, local councils and universities. The Centre continued to maintain its Environmental Management System MS ISO 14001:2004 which had been certified since 2003. EHRC play a role as assessor for Chemical Health Risk Assessment for all the laboratories in IMR.
6.Herbal Medicine Research Centre
The Information Unit continues its role in coordinating and managing the ‘Global Information Hub on Integrated Medicine’ (GlobinMed) to present up-to-date and evidence-based material, from both local and international partners, and also the GlobinMed Content Management Team members. Road shows and participation in local and international exhibitions were carried out to promote the GlobinMed project. A systematic review training workshop was organised for GlobinMed members, content providers and participants from IMR to further spur the evidence-based content of GlobinMed. Documentation of medicinal plant information is an ongoing activity that involves every officer in HMRC. HMRC
11 officers were given due training in voucher specimen preparation in a jointly- organised programme with Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). This activity enables researchers to prepare and document plants that are used in their research or has potential for future studies. This exercise improves the quality and authenticity of the study with proper documentation of the plants used. The Information Unit in partnership with universities, research institutions and government agencies is also involved in the documentation of the Malaysian Herbal Monograph information which focuses on the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plant species.
The Phytochemistry Unit continues to provide phytochemical analysis in herbal research which focuses on the preparation of extract towards the development of antimalarial and anticancer drugs. The preparation and phytochemical characterization of carica papaya leaves juices was conducted as part of the study on the use of carica papaya leaves juices for dengue fever supplement. Study on the characterization of polysaccharides extracted from mushroom Lignosus sp and in vitro activity study will enable us to fully understand the potential of local herbs.
Bioassay Unit continues to screen plant extracts from the Phytochemistry Unit for biological activities for anti malaria and anti proliferation. The Unit received research grants from the NIH and other sources such as Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI). Research projects conducted includes the study on Biological and safety study of Xanthorrizol as potential anti proliferative agent for breast carcinoma aim to determine the biological activities and safety of xanthorrhizol on human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T-47D, MDA-MB-453, SK-BR3. Three parameters including annexin-V binding assay, Hoechst 33258 staining and accumulation of sub G1 population in DNA histogram were confirmed the apoptosis induction in response to xanthorrhizol treatment. The antiproliferation effect was by inducing apoptosis through modulation of bcl-2, p53 and PARP-1 protein level and MDA-MB-231 using SRB. The mechanism was by
12 immunofluorescence staining using antibody Mitocapture(TM) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled cytochrome c. Combination of xanthorrizol- curcumin towards MDA-MB-231, showed potential of xanthorrizol-curcumin combination treatment as anti proliferative agent for human breast cancer cells. Anti-metastasis potential of xanthorrhizol was also investigated using adhesion and migration assay. Treatment with xanthorrhizol-curcumin on MDA-MB-231 cell line resulted in the inhibition of adhesion and migration ability of the cells and mediator MMP-9 was involved. Study on molecular drug target using recombinant choline kinase was carried out on choline kinase inhibitors, hemicholinium–3 (HC-3) and hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide (HDTAB) to P. falciparum in vitro and in vivo. A recombinant DNA for choline kinases P. falciparum were constructed in several expression vectors and bacteria was used as a host for the production of recombinant protein. The proteins were tested in vitro to confirm the activity of the inhibitors to the parasite. In vitro Chemoprevention activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction (FEA) derived from the Aqueous Extract Of Orthosiphone Stamineus in HepG2 was conducted. FEA exhibited an inhibition on HepG2 cells in time- and concentration-dependently, and FEA-treated cells showed nuclear condensation and fragmentation. FEA disrupted the mitochondria transmbrane potential of HepG2 cells in time- dependent manner. FEA activated caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, increased Bax expression, down regulated Bcl-2, decreased Cox-2 expression and decreased level of NF-κB p65 in nucleus.
Pharmacogenomic Study Of Carbamazepine In Epilepsy In Hospital Kuala Lumpur study was to determine the role of carbamazepine as a single drug therapy in epileptic patients in hospital kuala lumpur; to study the serum carbamazepine level to ensure that the patient responding to a single drug therapy of carbamazepine is within the therapeutic range and to determine the association between efficacy of a single drug therapy of carbamazepine to single nucleotide polymorphism of 3 principle genes, namely, kcna1, abcb1 and cyp2c9. A total of 130 eligible patients were recruited for the study from HKL Neurology
13 clinic. Real Time PCR was used to run 5 genotyping assays to detect SNPs (Single Neucleotide Polymorphisms in 2 Principal genes. Namely, Cyp2C9 (SNPs: *2 and *3) which is a metabolic enzyme and ABCB1 (SNPs: C3435T, G2677A and G2677T) which is a transporter gene. Bioassay Unit also conducted study on drug resistant of clinical and field isolates of malaria parasites on commonly used anti malaria drugs in vitro and to genotype the drug resistant patterns of these parasites. These studies is to detect the epidemiological emergence of drug resistant parasites phenotipically and genotypically. The projects are on detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax chloroquine resistant gene dhfr, dhps and mdr mutation in Sabah. P. vivax polymorphic genes, such as the circumsporozoite protein (Pvcsp) and merozoite surface proteins (Pvmsp) are also being investigated. These genetic diversity of P. vivax will give information on the geneflow of the parasite in the region.
7.Infectious Diseases Research Centre (IDRC)
Research in the Acarology Unit was focused on 3 main areas: the use of PCR to detect pathogens in acari, establishment of a PCR based blood meal identification assay (BMIA), and control of acari pests of public importance. Ticks, chiggers and tissues of mammalian hosts were examined by PCR using published primer sets. All samples tested negative except for a blood sample from a rodent that was positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. The BMIA was based on PCR amplification of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene. Blood from some laboratory and wild animals had been examined. DNA sequences had been compared against an international gene database (GenBank). To date we have registered 7 new sequences in GenBank. The Unit continued evaluating various commercial pest control products to be used for the control of dust mites that caused allergies in humans.
The Bacteriology Unit continues to provide diagnostic services to government and private hospitals in Malaysia. These include identification for bacteria and
14 fungi, TB-PCR, melioidosis and Chlamydia serology and laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis. The Unit is the referral centre for verification of antibiotic resistance and also assists in the investigation of food borne outbreaks and nosocomial infections by DNA fingerprinting technique. The Unit is also the National Referral Centre for Salmonella serotyping, and microagglutination test (MAT) for leptospirosis. The researches carried out by the Unit were mainly focused on Tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, melioidosis and pertussis using molecular techniques. The research on tuberculosis was focused on developing rapid detection of the bacteria and antibiotic resistance through the DNA biochip and biosensor technology. The researches on brucellosis and leptospirosis were mainly to develop rapid diagnostic methods via molecular techniques.
Dengue is a serious threat today and in the years coming ahead. A new approach using the genetically modified RIDL-Sterile Insect Technique (RIDL- SIT) offers a safe and environment-friendly solution to suppress the population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes below the disease transmission threshold. The Medical Entomology Unit conducted the world’s first evaluation of genetically sterile RIDL Ae aegypti strains under confined semi- field conditions inside a state-of-the-art, fully-contained field house facility. and limited field release trials of male mosquito of the RIDL-SIT Technique However, to apply such technology to control dengue in the near future, one of the pre-requisites is the capability to mass produce the genetically modified mosquito in the laboratory before release. To do so would require research on the life history parameters of the transgenic mosquito, and the susceptibility of the mosquitoes to dengue and chikungunya virus. Research data indicated that the basic life history and growth rate of the genetically modified Ae aegypti was not affected by genetic manipulation and that its mating competitiveness still remained intact, which is important for the successful use of this technology. In the case of the GM mosquito usage, the application went through several stringent reviews within the institution itself, i.e. Research Review Committee, the Medical Research and Ethics Committee and
15 the Institutional Biosafety Committee, before being submitted to the Department of Biosafety. Within the Department of Biosafety itself, the application went through the Genetic Modification Advisory Committee (GMAC) before forwarding GMAC’s recommendation to the National Biosafety Board (NBB). Medical Entomology unit has addressed the issue on horizontal gene transfer whereby the unit has used the close relative of Aedes aegypti and found that the life cycle, wing-length and fecundity of Toxorhynchites species fed with transgenic and WT Ae. Aegypti larvae remained unchanged. Further test of Toxorhynchites sp. larval stage 4 of F1 generation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed negative results, indicating absence of lethal gene being transferred via predation. Thus, horizontal gene transfer of the lethal gene to Toxorhynchites larvae via ingestion is extremely unlikely.
Continued research on Aedes pheromones have isolated twenty three (23) pheromone-like compounds from Aedes aegypti, 8 compounds were grouped into high interest compounds and 2 compounds from this group are novel compounds. With regard to dengue monitoring and control, studies using the IMR-autocidal trap device which is a modification of traditional ovitrap were capable of monitoring Aedes species to some extent. Further research on vertical dispersal of Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. in high-rise apartments in Putrajaya using the classical ovitrap showed that the possibility of lesser Aedes populations to be found at higher level of high-rise apartments. Therefore, larger scale studies are strongly recommended to examine the vertical dispersal of these mosquitoes. Studies pertaining to permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti collected from Kuala Lumpur indicated presence of permethrin resistance in these mosquito populations.
In the study on anopheline vectors, using a combination of field data, satellite image analysis and GIS technique a map of malaria transmission risk area was developed. Malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal Olyset® nets as a cost effective and sustainable method for protection against malaria were evaluated
16 and results indicated that Olyset® mosquito net showed high bioefficacy even though it has been used in the field for 16 months. In the context of forensic entomology to further strengthen the practice of medico-legal entomology, a preliminary study of forensic insect diversity in a high rise building in Sentul Timur, Kuala Lumpur was researched. The study showed that flies were attracted to the baits within 8.82 ± 0.42 hours in a high rise building, indicating that cadaver infestation can occur within the same day of death in a high rise building. In addition to forensic entomology, implications of maggot infestation in industry have also been studied seeding an idea of Industrial forensic in forensic science.
Parasitology Unit emphasizes on both research and diagnostic in malaria, leishmania, toxoplasmosis, and intestinal parasites. Parasitology Unit is constantly searching for newer diagnostic methods for medical parasitology. Our aim is to develop / optimize / promote new test methods that will be easier, faster, and more cost effective to be utilized by diagnostic laboratories in Malaysia. Currently, our laboratory is evaluating the usefulness and efficacy of the following test methods: Commercial immunoassays for detection of extra- intestinal amebiasis; Commercial immunoassays (antibody detection and avidity tests) to recommend a laboratory algorithm for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and multiplex PCR Malaria. This year, we are establishing a systematic collection of parasite samples and we are currently evaluating various commercial kits that are available in the market for many parasitic diseases.
The Virology Unit focused on research pertaining to locally important medical viruses, aiming to determine the epidemiology of the viruses and the development of new technology for rapid diagnosis of these viruses. In 2010, the Unit was actively involved in investigating several outbreaks in Malaysia including dengue, HFMD and Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. The Unit also continues to monitor oseltamivir resistance and genetic mutation of the pandemic H1N1 virus.
17 Virology Unit performed satisfactorily for WHO, RCPA (Australia) and NRL (Australia) Quality Assurance programme for various serological, viral isolation and molecular tests. We are proud to inform that the National Poliovirus Laboratory in Virology Unit received accreditation for Viral Isolation and Identification testing for the 12th successive year and was accredited and entrusted to perform the Vaccine Intratypic Differentiation (ITD) testing and testing for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus by WHO. Also in 2010, the National Japanese Encephalitis laboratory received full accreditation by WHO.
The programme of HIV sero-surveillance continues with the Unit serving as the National AIDS Reference Laboratory (NARL) for the study of cases with difficult or unresolved serology. HIV-2 sero-surveillance was introduced in November 1992; current data indicates that HIV-2 has not been introduced into the local Malaysian population. We also continued to provide consultancy services for babies born to HIV positive women.
The Unit also carried out surveillance programme on circulating dengue virus serotype, Nipah, JE, influenza and hand, foot and mouth diseases for Ministry of Health. The dominant circulating dengue serotype for 2010 was still Dengue 3 and as for influenza, A/California/7/2009-like virus and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like strains were found to be the predominant strains for influenza A and B respectively.
8.Specialised Diagnostic Centre (SDC)
This year the Biochemistry Unit has successfully set up and evaluated 5 more biochemical genetics testing. These include multiplex enzymes screening assay using Tandem Mass Spectrometry in dried blood spot which is able to screen 5 lysosomal storage diseases simultaneously. The deficient enzyme in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II can now be assayed in our laboratory. Previously this assay had to be sent to an overseas laboratory. Urinary carnitine is now
18 being offered to diagnose patients with carnitine uptake defect. Sialic acids disorder will be diagnosed in Malaysia after the Unit has established the total and free sialic acid determination in urine.
Various method improvements to replace the old methods were also undertaken. Improvement of method for screening of mucopolysaccharidosis has been completed as well as new rapid chromatographic method for analysis of urinary 5-Aminolevulinic acid. Qualitative analysis of urinary organic acid analysis may be replaced by quantitative analysis when the Unit completed the normal reference ranges for organic acids for local population.
The Molecular Diagnostics and Protein Unit marked a significant increase of 81% in the molecular diagnostics workload in the year 2010. The contributing factor to this is the development and introduction of several new molecular diagnostics tests for genetic disorders including IEM in Malaysia. These tests are mutation analysis of MMAA, MMAB and MUT genes for Methylmalonic Aciduria disorder, GCDH gene for Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 disorder, UBE3A gene for Angelman syndrome, SUOX gene in Sulfite Oxidase deficiency, Jag1 gene for Alagille syndrome, and GLDC gene for Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH). The introduction of long-range PCR made it possible now to detect large deletion in CPEO gene associated with mitochondrial disorders. A relatively new technology, Multiple Length Probe Amplification (MLPA) has also been introduced as molecular screening tests to detect deletion and duplication of genes in diseases such as Alagille syndrome, Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and Ornithine Transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC).
Of a total of 901 patients’ samples received for molecular genetic testing, 142 samples (15%) were identified as being positive for the disorders diagnosed by clinical and biochemical indications. A continuous advancement and expansion of molecular diagnostics testing is very apt and timely in the genetics services in Malaysia in view of greater demand for this scope of specialized diagnostics.
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The specific protein diagnostics has decreased by 4.3% from the previous year in terms of workload. This was due to the fact that Ampang Hospital is now providing its own multiple myeloma protein profiling services for its own needs and do not send samples to IMR any longer. However, the workload for CDG phenotyping testing has increased by 8.25% from the previous year.
9.Medical Resource Research Centre (MRRC)
The Medical Research Resource Centre (MRRC) consists of 8 units, namely Biotechnology, Biomedical Museum, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Information Technology, Laboratory Animal Resource, Electron Microscopy, Library & Information Resource and Medical Photography & Audio Visual.
In addition to providing support for research in IMR and Ministry of Health, the centre was also involved in several research projects. They include the study on epidemiology and risk factors assessment of Chikungunya infection (CHIKV) in the state of Kelantan, clinical features of Malaysian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and their differences in relation to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide expression and population-based survival analysis of breast and cervical cancer patients.
The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Unit continues its role in carrying out activities in the workplace with the aim of protecting and promoting workers’ safety, health and well-being, as well as improving working conditions. The functions of this unit include management of workplace occupational health risks, management of workers’ health, participating in emergency response and disaster management and providing clinical services.
Diagnostic services.
20 Being the referral laboratory for Ministry of Health, IMR continues to provide and improve clinical laboratory tests. IMR provides specialized and referral diagnostic tests, and tests that are not done in other laboratories. In 2010, IMR provided about 206 different tests conducted by 14 different units/laboratories. There are 19 new tests introduced in the fields of Autoimmune Disease, Primary Immunodeficiency, diagnosis of human brucellosis and genetic diseases. In-keeping with the IMR policy, the Cardiovascular and Diabetes Mellitus Unit offered very specialised tests such as Thyroglobulin, Dehydroepiendrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS), Sr. Testosterone, Growth Hormone, Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), 17-OH Progesterone (17-OHP) and Intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH). A total of 283,576 tests were performed in 2010 compared to 339,934 in 2009. The drop in number of tests performed in 2010 was due to the reduction in H1N1 cases since the outbreak subsided in late 2009 and less cases were seen in 2010.
Consultative services
IMR staff provided advisory and consultative services to the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia, other government departments, as well as international organizations. Most units of the Institute also serve as referral centres to MOH Laboratories throughout the country. During the year, 73 staff members provided consultative services at the national level, while 18 staff members provided such services at the regional / international level.
Scientific and Technical Training programmes
Training activities carried out by the Institute comprise regular courses offered annually as well as ad hoc training programmes and attachments to various units for industrial training. The regular training courses include the SEAMEO- TROPMED postgraduate courses namely, the Diploma in Applied Parasitology
21 and Entomology and the Diploma in Medical Microbiology courses. However the Diploma in Medical Microbiology course was not offered in 2010.
The ad hoc programmes provided training opportunities for 82 scientists, medical doctors and allied personnel from other departments and local and foreign institutes. There were 216 undergraduates from local tertiary institutions who received training through attachments at the various units of the Institute. The Institute also conducted 46 training workshops, 11 seminars and 32 courses during the year. Courses conducted in 2011 (Appendix 7)
CONFERENCES AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT
In 2010, 110 staff members of the Institute attended 85 conferences/scientific meetings, whilst 597 staff members attended 418 short courses/workshops to improve their knowledge and skills. There were 21 staff who had training overseas under the in service training, scheme and 583 staff who attended the 286 local training courses. 13 officers are studying for their Master degrees while 22 are pursuing their PhDs.
The MRRC was responsible in providing support in particular on training for officers especially the new medical and research officers in research methodologies, statistical software programmes applied to biomedical research such as EpiInfo, SPSS and STATA and few other sub-specialised statistical softwares. The centre was also responsible to conduct motivation workshops and training on Microsoft Office which included MS Word, Excel, power point and Access and designing website for the general staff of IMR. The centre successfully conducted a total of 16 courses throughout 2010.
Scientific Publications
IMR researchers continued to published scientific publications in reviewed national and international journals. In 2010, IMR scientists have published 75
22 scientific publications and while in 2011, the scientific publications produced were 56 and 11 report. The reports were generally prepared to meet specific requests made by various government departments and agencies. In addition, staff of the Institute was involved in 191 presentations at local and International seminars.
23 Appendix 1
DAP&E projects thesis submitted in partial fulfillments of the 2010 DAP&E course No Name of Projects Participants / country
1. Anti plasmodia activity and cytotoxicity of Ms. Om Sovandara / Ocimum basilicum (selashi) extract in vitro Cambodia
2. Genotyping of Plasmodium vivax field Dr. Sut Thang Phann / isolates using dihydrofolate reductase and Cambodia dihydrofolate synthase gene
3. Antiproliferative activity of Ocimum basilicum S.Ssebabengabamuje (Selasih) in vitro Sempagala Robert / Uganda 4. Brugia pahangi: drug sensitivity on adult Ms. Erjona Abajaz / worms and microfilaria in vivo Albania
5. Mosquito trapping in recreational park in Mr. Elton Rogozi / Selangor Albania
6. A DNA based approach for identification of fly Ms. Aminath Ibrahim / species used for the estimation of post Maldives morterm interval
7. Impact of predation on Toxorhynchites sp fed Mr. Wesley Donald / on wild type and transgenic Aedes aegypti Vanuatu larvae: implication of RIDL gene transfer
8. Effectiveness of of Cyfluthrin formulation for Dr. Nurila Altymysheva / Aedes mosquito control Kyrgyzstan
9. Field evaluation of autocidal trap device Ms. Soekhoe Treyanti incorporated with biolarvicide for Aedes Sisma / Suriname mosquito control 10. Detection of Brugia malayi and Wucheria Ms. See Kah Heng / bancrofti in mosquito by the polymerase Malaysia Chain Reaction (PCR)
11. DNA-Yield from Giemsa-stained blood films Ms. Jenifer laevo / using commercial DNA extraction kits Vanuatu 12. Distribution of knowlesi malaria among Mrs Nor Aszlina Ismail / foreign workers in the state of Selangor, Malaysia peninsular Malaysia.
24 13. Distribution of knowlesi malaria among Mr. Hedrick Reuben / Malaysia aborogines in Peninsular Malaysia. Solomon Island
14. Seroprevalence of non-endemic parasitic Mr. Gracious Adams diseases in Malaysia Simwanza / Zambia 15. Comparision between diagnostic methods for Mr. Aaron Momolu / mass screening of malaria Liberia
16. How competitive are transgenic Aedes Mr. Charlie Iro’ofa / aegypti OX513A RIDL larvae compared to Solomon Island wild type larvae
25
Research projects conducted in 2010 APPENDIX 3
1. Development of transgenic Aedes mosquitoes
2. Male reproductive toxicity & teratogenecity study of standardised Orthosiphon stamineus extract in rats 3. Mutational analysis of gene encoding P protein, T protein and H protein in suspected non ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) patients in Malaysia 4. Experimental arthritis in rats: Immunomodulation and immunoassay for anti- inflammatory properties of a topical formulation containing ostrich oil. 5. Detection of permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Malaysia 6. Exposure assessment for selected contaminants from consumption of seafood in Peninsular Malaysia 7. Flavonoids and invitro antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Ficus deltoidea 8. Determination of Zoonotic viral infection in non human primates with special reference to arboviruses
9. Statistical Modelling for Rheumatoid Arthritis Independent Risk factors
10. Genetic Analysis and Antiviral Resistance Study of Influenza Virus circulating in Malaysia 11. Determination of Biomarkers and Development of Test Kit for Laboratory Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis and others Arboviruses 12. A study on the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in non-typhoidal salmonellae isolated from clinical cases in Malaysia 13. Enviromental Risk Factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Malaysia: A Case- Control Study 14. Molecular characterization of macrolide resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates
15. Development of DNA Biosensor for the Detection of Tuberculosis
16. Non- major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) candidate genes associations with rheumatoid arthritis in Malaysian population
26 17. Idenfication and Genetics of neutrophil functional disorders in Malaysia patients with Primary Immunodeficiency 18. Detection of rickettsioses of public health importance in acarine ectoparasites (ticks and mites) using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) 19. Isolation, Expansion and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell from various for Therapeutic Application
20. Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines
21. Clonal Relatedness of Vibrio cholera isolated from clinical cases and enviromental specimens in an endemic area in Tawau, Sabah 22. Pharmacogenomics study of Carbamazepine in Epilepsy in Hospital Kuala Lumpur 23. Establishment of a simple and cheap method based on hanging mercury drop electrode for dectection of heavy metal contamination in vegetables and fruits 24. Study of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) transportation using CaCO2 cells model 25. Clinical and laboratory assessment of congenital rubella and cytomegalovirus infections in Malaysia 26. Study of the multipotency and global gene expression profile of limbal stromal cells 27. The efficacy of commercial sanitizers against native microflora of mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds and sprouts 28. Epidemiology of Chikungunya infection in the State of Kelantan, Malaysia, 2009 29. General toxicity study of 5 gamat products: In vivo as well as in vitro toxiclogy studies 30. Human metapneumovirus genotypes among hospitalized patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infection 31. The effect of standardised extracts from local plants [Nephelium lappaceum rind (rambutan) and Syzygium aquem leaves (jambu merah) on Arthritis in animal model 32. Serological evidance of simian malaria infection (Plasmodium knowlesi) in selected areas of Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah 33. Identification of Genomics Aberrations in Adults Acute Lymphoblastic Leukimia (ALL) using High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays
27 34. Identification of major allergens of Loligo edulis (white squid) by proteomics approaches 35. Detection of autoantibodies (anti-gliadin antibodies, anti-endomysium antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies) in diagnosis of coeliac disease
36. Detection of antiphospholipid antibodies in female with fetal loss
37. Detection of neuronal autoantibodies (anti-Hu, anti-Ri, anti-Yo, anti-Ma and amphipysin) in patients suspected with paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) 38. Development of DNA sequence analysis method (RT-PCR) for identification of nonsporulating fungi and development of new fungal sporulating media 39. Genomic analysis of chromosome aberrations in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM)
40. Defining B cell defects in Primary Immunodeficiency patients in Malaysia
41. Establishment of a molecular tool acari blood meal indentification in Malaysia 42. High resolution DNA typing of HLA-B locus by PCR-SSOP-Luminex method in the Malay population 43. Multicentre surveillance on antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and disease burden of pneumococcal infections in Malaysia in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 44. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Malaysian isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei 45. Preliminary studies on Tomour Initiating Cells ("Cancer Stem Cells") of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 46. The role of Carica papaya juice leaves as food supplement in dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Hospital Sungai Buloh 47. Effect of edible bird's nest on the mRNA expression and protein synthesis of TNF alpha in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 48. Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsilla spp isolates from major Malaysian hospital 49. Sequence Analysis of Dengue Virus in Laboratory and Naturally Infected Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes 50. Detection of Biomarkers in Early Dengue Patients for Possible Prediction of Severe Dengue Disease (DHF/DSS)
28 51. Study of Possible Presence of Virulence Gene of Dengue Virus Associated With Severe Dengue and Emergence of Novel Strain by Sequence Analysis of Dengue Virus Isolates
52. Development of Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection of H275Y Mutation in Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus, Season 2009-2010 53. Immune Parameters and Their Role in The Pathogenesis of Dengue and Severe Dengue 54. Effect of Sublethal Dosages of Insecticides on Dengue Virus Replication in Aedes aegypti 55. A DNA Based Approach For The Identification of Forensically Important Fly Species
56. Bionomic studies of Aedes albopictus (Skuse)
57. Identification of Potential Oncogenes and Tumour Suppressor Genes Involved in the Pathogenesis of Oligodendrogliomas and Glioblastomas 58. Optimisation of Cultivation Methods for Isolation of Pathogenic Leptospires and Molecular Characterisation of Malaysian Pathogenic Leptospira Clinical Isolates 59. Rapid Detection of Six Bacterial Pathogens From Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens of Suspected Meningitis Cases Using Multiplex Real Time PCR
60. Malaria Study in Malaysia
61. Screening of Compounds for Potential Properties for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Lymphatic Filariasis
29
Research Projects conducted in 2011 APPENDIX 4
1. Development of transgenic Aedes mosquitoes
2. Genetic Analysis and Antiviral Resistance Study of Influenza Virus circulating in Malaysia
3. Study of the multipotency and global gene expression profile of limbal stromal cells
4. Human metapneumovirus genotypes among hospitalized patients with upper and lower resp iratory tract infection 5. The effect of standardised extracts from local plants [Nephelium lappaceum rind (rambutan) and Syzygium aquem leaves (jambu merah) on Arthritis in animal model
6. Defining B cell defects in Primary Immunodeficiency patients in Malaysia
7. Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsilla spp isolates from major Malaysian hospital
8. Sequence Analysis of Dengue Virus in Infected Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
9. Detection of Biomarkers in Early Dengue Patients for Possible Prediction of Severe Dengue Disease (DHF/DSS) 10. Study of Possible Presence of Virulence Gene of Dengue Virus Associated With Severe Dengue and Emergence of Novel Strain by Sequence Analysis of Dengue Virus Isolates 11. Development of Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection of H275Y Mutation in Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus, Season 2009-2010
12. Immune Parameters and Their Role in The Pathogenesis of Dengue and Severe Dengue
13. Effect of Sublethal Dosages of Insecticides on Dengue Virus Replication in Aedes aegypti
14. A DNA Based Approach For The Identification of Forensically Important Fly Species
30 15. Bionomic studies of Aedes albopictus (Skuse)
16. Identification of Potential Oncogenes and Tumour Suppressor Genes Involved in the Pathogenesis of Oligodendrogliomas and Glioblastomas 17. Optimisation of Cultivation Methods for Isolation of Pathogenic Leptospires and Molecular Characterisation of Malaysian Pathogenic Leptospira Clinical Isolates 18. Rapid Detection of Six Bacterial Pathogens From Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens of Suspected Meningitis Cases Using Multiplex Real Time PCR
19. Malaria Study in Malaysia
20. Screening of Compounds for Potential Properties for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Lymphatic Filariasis 21. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Tropomyosion and Arginine Kinase as Major Allergens of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Giant Freshwater Prawn) 22. Insecticide Susceptibility Status in Anopheles crescens: Vector of Plasmodium knowlesii in Peninsular Malaysia 23. Development of In-House HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping Assay and Assessment of the Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among HIV Patients. 24. Development of Four Lines Lateral Flow Strip for the Detection of Tuberculosis
25. Biomarkers for Diabetes and Its Associated Complications in Malaysian Adults
26. A Study of Malaysian Families Afftected by a Neutrophill Dysfunction Related Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)
27. A Study of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and Its Related Spectrum of Diseases in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients in Malaysia
28. Updates of Malaysian Food Composition Database
29. Determination of biogenic amines levels in local fish-based food and identifying best manufacturing practices to reduce biogenic amines levels and contaminants
31 30. Determination of Biomarkers and Development of Test Kit for Laboratory Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis and others Arboviruses
31. Development of DNA Biosensor for the Detection of Tuberculosis
32. Detection of rickettsioses of public health importance in acarine ectoparasites (ticks and mites) using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) 33. Establishment of a simple and cheap method based on hanging mercury drop electrode for dectection of heavy metal contamination in vegetables and fruits 34. General toxicity study of 5 gamat products: In vivo as well as in vitro toxiclogy studies
35. Identification of Genomics Aberrations in Adults Acute Lymphoblastic Leukimia (ALL) using High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays 36. Detection of autoantibodies (anti-gliadin antibodies, anti-endomysium antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies) in diagnosis of coeliac disease
37. Detection of antiphospholipid antibodies in female with fetal loss
38. Detection of neuronal autoantibodies (anti-Hu, anti-Ri, anti-Yo, anti-Ma and amphipysin) in patients suspected with paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS)
39. Development of DNA sequence analysis method (RT-PCR) for identification of nonsporulating fungi and development of new fungal sporulating media
40. Genomic analysis of chromosome aberrations in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM)
41. Establishment of a molecular tool acari blood meal indentification in Malaysia
32
BIL PUBLICATION 2010 APPENDIX 5
1 Saharuddin Bin Mohamad, Ai Ling Ong, Raja Farhana Khairuddin and Adiratna Mat Ripen (2010). A combination of evolutionary trace method, molecular surface accessibility and hydrophobicity analysis to design a high hydrophobicity laccase. In silico Biology, 10: 0010
2 Riazi M, Abdul Rani B, Fairuz A and Zainul FZ (2010). A low molecular weight lipopolysaccharide antigen preparation reactive to acute leptospirosis heterologous sera. Tropical Biomedicine 27(2): 241–253
3 Santhana Raj L, Teh Hamidah Z, Aida Suhana R, Izan Shahrina A and Sivakumar G (2010). A simplified lead citrate stain for use in electron microscopy of embedded biological tissue specimens. Annals of Microscopy 10:79-81
4 Bee Chin Chen, Ivan N McGown, Meow Keong Thong, James Pitt, Zabedah M Yunus, Teck Beng Khoo, Lock Hock Ngu and John A Duley (2010). Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency in a Malaysian patient with novel adenylosuccinate lyase gene mutations. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 10:
5 Murali Krishna Mamidi, Rajarshi Pal, Ramesh Bhonde, Zubaidah Zakaria and Satish Totey (2010). Application of multiplex PCR for characterization of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and its differentiated progenies. Journal of Biomolecular Screening 15(6): 630-643.
6 Adel A Amran, Zaiton Zakaria, Faizah Othman, Srijit Das, Santhana Raj and Nor Anita MM Nordin (2010). Aqueos extract of Piper sarmentosum decreases atherosclerotic lesions in high cholesterolemic experimental rabbits. Lipids in Health and Disease 9:44 1-6 http://www.lipidworld.com/9/44
7 Alfred E.Thumser, Aswir Rashed, Paul A Sharp and John K Lodge (2010). Ascorbate enhances iron uptake into intestinal cells through formation of a FeCl3- ascorbate complex. Food Chemistry 123: 281-285
8 L. Mannerås, M. Fazliana, W.M. Wan Nazaimoon, M. Lönn, H.F. Gu, C.G. Östenson, and E. Stener-Victorin (2010). Beneficial metabolic effects of the Malaysian herb Labisia pumila var. alata in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 127: 346-351.
9 Gholam Hossein Shahraki, Yusuf Ibrahim, Hafidzi Mohd Nor, Javad Rafinejad and Mohd Khadri Shahar (2010). Biorational control Programme for the German cockcroach (Blattaria: Blattellidae) in selected urban communities. Tropical Biomedicine 27(2):226-235
10 TS Saraswathy, Tengku Rogayah TAR, AS Santhana Raj, Aida Suhana R, Teh- H and Zainah S (2010). Comparison of chikungunya virus infectivity in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell line and C6/36, an Aedes albopictus cell line using electron microscopy. Annals of Microscopy 10:36-43
33 11 Lim KW, Sit NW, Norzahira R, Sing KW, Wong HM, Chew HS, Firdaus R, Cheryl JA, Suria M, Mahathavan M , Nazni WA, Lee HL, McKemy A and Vasan SS. (2010). Dengue vector surveillance in insular settlements of Pulau Ketam, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 27(2):185-192
12 R. Issa, N.A Hamdan and MFM Noh (2010). Differential pulse voltammetric of DNA hybridization using methylene blue on screen printed carbon electrode for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biotechnology 9(3): 304-311
13 Ramarao Seriramalu, Wei Wei Pang, Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan, Emida Mohamed, Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman, Anita Zarina Bustam, Alan Soo-Beng Khoo, Onn Haji Hashim (2010). Differential use of champedak mannose binding lectin in the comparative glycoproteomic profiling of serum samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Electrophoresis: Focus on Microscale Separation Methods For Metabolomics 31(14): 2388–2395
14 Aswir Abd Rashed and WM Wan Nazaimoon (2010). Effect of edible bird's nest on Caco -2 cell proliferation. Journal of Food Technology 8(3): 126-130
15 FCL Ernieenor and TM Ho (2010). Effect of microwave radiation on house dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Astigmata : Pyroglyphidae). Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 41(6): 1335-1341
16 Gholam Hossein Shahraki, Hafidzi Mohd Nor, Javad Rafinejad, Mohd Khadri Shahar and Yusuf Ibrahim (2010). Efficacy of sanitation and sanitary factors against the German cockcroach (Blatella germanica)infestation and effectiveness of educational programs on sanitation in Iran. Asian Biomedicine 4(5): 803-810
17 Chen CD, Lee HL, Nazni WA, Ramli R, Jeffery J. and Sofian-Azirun, M. (2010). First report of the house fly larvae, Musca domestica (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae) associating with the monkey carcass in Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 27(2): 355- 359
18 Wai Kit Chia, Noor Akhmal Sharifah, Rahayu Md Zin Reena, Zakaria Zubaidah, Ching Huat Clarence-Ho, Muhammad Rohaizak, Ibrahim Nagiyah, Das Srijit, Abdullah Nor Hisham, Arbi Asmiati, Md Kaslan Rafie (2010). Flourescence in situ hybridization analysis using PAX8- and PPARG- specific probes reveals the presence of PAX8-PPARG translocation and 3p35 aneusomy in follicular thyroid neoplasms. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 196: 7-13.
19 Ivyna Bong Pau Ni, Zubaidah Zakaria, Rohaizak Muhammad, Norlia Abdullah, Naqiyah Ibrahim, Nor Aina Emran, Noor Hisham Abdullah and Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussain (2010). Gene expression patterns distinguish breast carcinomas from normal breast tissues: The Malaysian Context. Pathology - Research and Practice 206: 223-228.
34 20 A Rohani, WMA Wan Najdah, I Zamree, AH Azahari, I Mohd Noor, H Rahimi and HL Lee (2010). Habitat characterization and mapping of Anopheles maculatus (Theobald) mosquito larvae in malaria endemic areas in Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 41(4): 821-830
21 J.S. Dhaliwal, M. Shahnaz, A. Azrena, Y.A Irda, M. Salawati, C.L. Too and Y.Y Lee (2010). HLA polymorphism in three indigenous populations of Sabah and Sarawak. Tissue Antigens 75: 166-169
22 Y Apandi, SK Lau, N Izmawati, NM Amal, Y Faudzi, Wan Mansor, MH Hani and S Zainah (2010). Identification of chikungunya virus strains circulating in Kelantan, Malaysia in 2009. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 41(6): 1374-1380
23 Zubaidah Zakaria, Ivyna Bong Pau Ni, Prasanth Bagali, Rohaizak Muhammad, Norlia Abdullah, Naqiyah Ibrahim, Nor Aina Emran, Nor Hisham Abdullah and Syarifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussain ( 2010). Identification of estrogen-related genes in breast cancer: the Malaysian context. The Open Breast Cancer Journal 2: 16-24
24 Zailatul Hani Mohamad Yadzir, Rosmilah Misnan, Normalin Abdullah, Faizal bakhtiar, Masita Arip and Shahnaz Murad (2010). Identification of IgE-binding proteins of raw and cooked extracts of Loligo edulis (White Squid). Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 41(3): 198-204
25 George E, Zubaidah Z, Chin YM, Faridah M and Sapiah R (2010). Identifying Hb variants in Malaysia using the agarose gel map. Malaysian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 5(1): 33-37
26 M Ahmed Mesaik, Sobia A. Halim, Zaheer Ul-Haq, M.Iqbal Choudhary, Salma Shahnaz, S.A.M Ayatollahi, Shahnaz Murad and Aqeel Ahmad (2010). Immunosuppressive activity of Buxidin and E-Buxenone from Buxus hyrcana. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 75(3): 310-317
27 Norazah Ahmad, Salbiah Nawi, Ganeswrie Rajasekaran, Nurahan Maning, Mohamad Nazri Aziz, Azura Husin, and Nor Iza Abdul Rahman (2010). Increased vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Malaysia. Journal of Medical Microbiology 59(12): 1530-1532
28 Michelle MS Chew, Sook-Yee Gan, Alan SB Khoo and Eng-Lai Tan (2010) Interleukins, laminin and epstein - barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (EBV LMP1) promote metastatic phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 10:574
29 AR Mohd Fuat, ARB Amini and OM Hasyima (2010). Isolation of Streptomyces with broad-spectrum antifungal activity from polyherbal product. International Journal of Botany 6(3):259-265
30 Vimala B., Thong Kwai Lin and Chong VC (2010). Isolation, detection and genomic differentiation of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Bachok, Kelantan. Malaysian Journal of Science 29 (Special Issue): 1-10
35 31 Azima Laili Hanafiah, Siti Hazar Awang Ismail and Ho Tze Ming. Laboratory evaluation of four commercial repellants against larval Leptotrombidium deliense (Acari: Trombiculidae). Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 41(5):1-6
32 Heo Chong Chin, John Jeffery, Nazni Wasi Ahmad, Heah Sock Kiang, Baharudin Omar, Hidayatulfathi Othman and Lee Han Lim (2010).First report of Liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelidae) as a Museum Insect Pest in Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 39: 329-331
33 Saraswathy TS et al (2010). Mechanism of influenza A virus entry and intracellular transport in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells by endosomes Malaysian. Journal of Microscopy 6: 30-35
34 YK Chem, S.Zainah, SJ Berendam, TAR Tengku Rogayah, AH Khairul, KB Chua (2010). Molecular epidemiology of chikungunya virus in Malaysia since its first emergence in 1998. Medical Journal of Malaysia 65:31-43
35 Mariana A, Shukor MN, Muhd Norhazizi H, Intan Nurlemsha B and Ho TM (2010). Movements and home range of a common species of tree-shrew, Tupaia glis. surrounding houses of otoacariasis cases in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal for Tropical Medicine 3(6): 427 – 434
36 Yusnita Yakob, Norsiah Md Desa and A Rahman A Jamal (2010). Mutations in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (mtND1) gene in colorectal carcinoma. Malaysian Journal of Pathology 32(2): 103-110
37 Hui Bein Chew, Lock Hock Ngu, Md Yunus Zabedah, Wee Teik Keng, Shanti Balasubramaniam, Mohd Jamil M. Hanifah and Keiko Kobayashi (2010). Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis associated with citrin deficiency (NICCD): A case series of 11 Malaysian patients. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. doi 10.1007/s1054- 010-9248-6.
38 Ajura AJ and Lau SH (2010). A retrospective clinicopathological study of 59 Osteogenic sarcomas of the Jaw Bones archived in a stomatology Unit. Malaysian Journal of Pathology 32: 27-34
39 Wan-Norafikah O, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Zainol-Ariffin P, Sofian-Azirun M (2010). Permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) collected from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 13 (3): 175-182
40 Lim KH , Sumarni MG, Kee CC,Christopher VM, Noruiza Hana M, Lim KK and Amal NM (2010). Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among form four students in Petaling District, Selangor Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 27(3) : 394- 403
41 Wan Nazaimoon WM and Suraiami M (2010). Prevalence of diabetes,impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome among female Orang Asli community in Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries 30(3): 118-122
36 42 Lim KH , Sumarni MG, Kee CC, Norhamimah A, Wan Rozita WM, Amal NM (2010). Prevalence, habit and factors related to smoking and nicotine addiction among lower secondary school male students in Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. Malaysia Journal of Public Health Medicine 10(1): 1-12 43 Hirotsugu Kurobe, Masahisa Urata, Masaki Ueno, Masaaki Ueki, Shiro Ono, Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa, Yayoi Fukuhara, Yu Lei, Adiratna Mat Ripen, Tamotsu Kanbara, Ken-ichi Aihara, Keisuka Ishizawa, Masashi Akaike, Frank J Gonzalez, Toshiaki Tamaki, Yousuke Takahama, Masanori Yoshizumi, Tetsuya Kitagawa and Shuhei Tomita (2010). Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in T cells as a negative regulator in development of a vascular remodeling. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 30(2): 210-217
44 Suzana Shahar, Rabeta Mohd Salleh, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali, Poh Bee Koon and Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud (2010). Roles of adiposity, lifetime physical activity and serum adiponectin in occurrence of breast cancer among Malaysian women in Klang Valley. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 11: 61-66
45 Anita Suleiman, Ariffin R, Kamaludin A, Arifin RM, Kalaudin A, Ngadiman S, Unjang N (2010). Rubella outbreak in a boarding school, Malaysia April 2007. Outbreak Surveillance and Investigation Report 3(2): 12-16
46 Zainah Saat, Tg Rogayah Tg Abdul Rashid, Mohd Apandi Yusoff, Fauziah Md Kassim, Ravindran Thayan, Lau Sau Kuen, Khairul Azuan Othman and T Saraswathy (2010). Seasonal influenza virus strains circulating in Malaysia from 2005 to 2009. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 41(6): 1368-1373
47 Tengku Rogayah TAR, TS Saraswathy, AS Santana Raj, Teh H and Zainah S (2010). Selection of a suitable cell line for Chikungunya virus detection. Malaysian Journal of Microscopy 6: 14-18
48 Nor Azimah Azize, Zabedah Md Yunus, Norsiah Md Desa, Ngu Lock Hock and Suhaila Abd Rahman (2010). Separation of sulfated urinary glycosaminologlycans by high-resolution electrphoresis for isotyping of mucopolysaccharidoses in Malaysia. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 32(1): 35-42
49 Patrik Stolt, Abqariyah Yahya, Camilla Bengtsson, Henrik Källberg, Johan Rönnelid, Ingvar Lundberg, Lars Klareskog, Lars Alfredsson and the EIRA Study Group (2010). Silica exposure among male current smokers is associated with a high risk of developing ACPA positive rheumatoid arthritis. Annual Rheumatoid Diseases 69: 1072–1076
50 Nurul Izzah Ahmad, Aminah Abdullah, Md Pauzi Abdullah, Lee Yook Heng, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Siti Fatimah Daud, and Lokman Hakim Sulaiman (2010). Tabiat pengambilan ulam-ulaman di kalangan orang dewasa pelbagai etnik di Selangor. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 8(2): 27-35
51 Suraiami Mustar and WM Wan Nazaimoon (2010). The effect of sanitizers on the native microflora of mung bean seeds (Vigna radiata). Journal of Food Technology 8(6): 234-238
37 52 Wan Nazaimoon WM and Rusidah S (2010). Malaysia needs wider coverage with iodised salt. IDD Newsletter -International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICC-IDD) 35(1): 8-9
53 Mariana A, Heah SK, Wong AL, Ho TM (2010). The occurance of arthopods in processed rice products in Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal for Tropical Medicine 3(7): 552-554
54 Takeshi Nitta, Shigeo Murata, Katsuhiro Sasaki, Hideki Fujii, Adiratna Mat Ripen, Naozumi Ishimaru, Shigeo Koyasu, Keiji Tanaka and Yousuke Takahama (2010). Thymoproteasome shapes immunocompetent repertoire of CD8 T cells. Immunity 32: 29–40
55 Wan Norafikah O, Nazni WA, Noramiza S, Shafa'ar Koohar S, Azirol Hisham A, Nor Hafizah R, Sumarni MG, Mohd-Hasrul H, Sofian Aziron, M and Lee HL (2010). Vertical dispersal of Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. in high-rise apartments in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 27(3): 662-667
56 Samantha Carrera, Petra J. de Verdier, Zahid Khan, Bo Zhao, Alka Mahale, Karen J. Bowman, Muri Zainol, George D. D. Jones, Sam W. Lee, Stuart A. Aaronson and Salvador Macip (2010). Protection of cells in physiological oxygen tensions against DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285(18): 13658- 13665
57 Loke SR, Andy-Tan WA., Benjamin S, Lee HL and Sofian Aziron M (2010). Susceptibility of field-collected Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and temephos. Tropical Biomedicine 27(3): 493-503
58 Ummul Haninah Ali, Vasan SS, Ravindran Thayan, Chandru Augamuthu, Lee Han Lim and Shamala Devi Sekaran (2010). Development and evaluation of a one-step SYBR Green l-Based Real-Time RT-PCR assay for detection and quantification of chikungunya virus in human and mosquito samples. Tropical Biomedicine 27(3): 611 – 623
59 Selvi S, Edah MA, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Tyagi BK, Sofian Azirun M, and Azahari AH (2010). Insecticide susceptibility and resistance development in malathion selected Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Tropical Biomedicine 27(3): 553 - 550
60 Vijayendran Govindasamy, Veronica Sainik Ronald, Swapnil Totey, Salina Binti Din, Wan Mahadzir Bin Wan Mustafa, Satish Totey, Zubaidah Zakaria and Ramesh R. Bhonde (2010). Micromanipulation of culture niche permits long-term expansion of dental pulp stem cells—an economic and commercial angle. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology -Animal 46: 764-773
61 Wan Rozita WM, Rasimah A, Mazrura S, Lim KH, Thana S (2010). Handling overdispersion in mortality data in time-series epidemiologic research using SAS Software. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 10(2); 6-15
38 62 Zarina AL, Juriza I, Sharifah Azween SO, Azli I, Mohd Fadly MA, Zubaidah Z, Clarence Ko CH, Julia MI, Khairunisa K, Sharifah Noor Akmal SH (2010). Cri-du- chat syndrome: application of array CGH in diagnostic evaluation. Medicine and Health 5(2): 108-113 64 Ivyna Bong Pau Ni, Zubaidah Zakaria, Rohaizak Muhammad, Norlia Abdullah, Naqiyah Ibrahim, Nor Aina Emran, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussein (2010). Expression and mutational analysis of GATA3 in Malaysian breast carcinomas. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 32(2):117-122
65 Chen Bee Chin, Ngu Lock Hock and Zabedah Md Yunus (2010). Argininosuccinic aciduria: Clinical and Biocghemical phenotype findings in Malaysian Children. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 32(2): 117-122
66 Faudzi YI, Hashim H, Ibrahim D, Abdullah T, Khairi M, Zulkipli M, Salleh M and Amal NM (2010).Managing a food poisoning outbreak among Malaysian haj pilgrims in Mecca, Saudi Arabia 2009. Journal of Health Management 8(1): 43-99
67 Ngu Lock Hock, Zabedah Md Yunus and Keiko Kobayashi (2010). Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) in three Malay children. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 32(1): 53-57
68 Yousuke Takahama, Takeshi Nitta, Adiratna Mat Ripen and Sachiko Nitta (2010). Role of thymic cortex-specific self-peptides in positive selection of T cells. Seminars in Immunology 22: 287-293
69 GR Letchuman, WM Wan Nazaimoon, WB Wan Mohamad, LR Chandran, GH Tee, H Jamaiyah, MR Isa, H Zanariah, I Fatanah and Y Ahmad Faudzi (2010). Prevalence of diabetes in the Malaysian Health Morbidity Survey III 2006. The Medical Journal of Malaysia 65(3): 173-179
70 Suzana S, Kee CC, Jamaluddin AR, Noor Safiza MN, Khor GL, Jamaiyah H, Geeta A, Ahmad Ali Z, Rahmah R, Ruzita AT and Ahmad Fauzi Y (2010). The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey: prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity among the Malaysian elderly population. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 10:
71 Rithuan Awang, Wan Mahadzir Mustafa and Lau Shin Hin (2010). Primary intraosseous carcinoma: a case report. Malaysian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 8: 21-24
72 Masita Arip, Marlyn Mohammad, Salbiah Nawi and Shahnaz Murad (2011). Immunofluorescence (IF) pattern, autoantigens of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and their clinical associations. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 8(2): 37-41
73 Norhayati MK, Azman O and Wan Nazaimoon WM (2011). Preliminary study of the nutritional content of Malaysian edible bird's nest. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 16(3): 389-396
39 74 Yan Pan, Badrul Amini Abd-Rashid, Zakiah Ismail, Rusli Ismail, Joon Wah Mak, Peter CK Pook, Hui Meng Er and Chin Eng Ong (2010). In vitro modulatory effects on three major human cyrochrome P450 enzymes by multiple active constituents and extracts of Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 130(2): 275-283
75 ST Tay, MY Rohani, TS Soo Hoo and H Hamimah (2010). Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in Malaysia. Mycoses 53(6): 509-514
40
NO PUBLICATION 2011 Appendix 6 1 Leong YH, Ismail N, Latiff AA, Nurul Izzah A, Narazah MY and Nurul Ain AB (2011). Nuts consumption pattern among Malaysia adults: a socio-demographic and dietary behaviour perspective. International Food Research Journal 18: 319- 328 2 H Muhammad, MR Gomes-Carneiro, KS Poca, ACAX De-Oliveira, A Afzan, SA Sulaiman, Z Ismail and FJR Paumgartten (2011). Evaluation of the genotoxicity of Orthosiphon stamineus aqueous extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133(2): 647-653 3 Lee Fang Chin, Siew Ming Kong, Hoi Ling Seng, Kong Soo Khoo, Rajamurthy Vikneswaran, Siang Guan Teoh, Munirah Ahmad, Soo Beng Alan Khoo, Mohd Jamil Maah and Chew Hee Ng (2011). Synthesis, characterization and biological properties of cobalt (ll) complexes of 1, 10-phenanthroline and maltol. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 105(3): 221-229 4 Rafiza S, Rampal KG and Tahir A (2011). Prevalence and risks factors of latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in Malaysia. BMC Infectious Diseases 11(1): 19
5 Ahmad N, Zakaria WR and Mohamad R (2011). Analysis of antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Helicobacter pylori isolates from Malaysia. Helicobacter 16(1): 47-51
6 Jeyanthi Suppiah, Mohd Apandi Yusof, Khairul Azuan Othman, TS Saraswathy, Ravindran Thayan, Fauziah Md Kassim, Shahnaz Murad and Zainah Saat (2011). Monitoring of the H275Y mutation in pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 strains isolated in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(1): 100-104 7 M Khadri Shahar, A Abu Hassan, HL Lee and MR Che Salmah (2011). Studies on phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) poulations in limestone areas and caves of Western Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(1): 89-93 8 MN Azura, A Norazah, AGM Kamel and S Ahmad Zorin (2011). DNA fingerprinting of septicaemic and localized Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from Malaysian patients. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(1): 114-121 9 G Virnomalini, Tg Rogayah, TS Saraswathy, R Thayan, M Apandi, MK Fauziah and Zainah Saat (2011). Molecular typing of dengue viruses circulating in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia from 2005 to 2009. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(1): 114-121 10 Choong-Chor Chang, Chun-Lai Too, Shahnaz Murad and Suraiya Hani Hussein (2011). Association of HLA-B* 1502 allele with carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Steven-Johnson syndrome in multi-ethnic Malaysian population. International Journal of Dermatology 50(2): 221-224
41 11 Maizatul Hasyima Omar, William Mullen and Alan Crozier (2011). Identification of proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers, flavone C-glyciosides, and antioxidants in Ficus deltoidea, a Malaysian herbal tea. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 59: 1363-1369
12 Yan Pan, Badrul Amini Abd-Rashid, Zakiah Ismail, Rusli Ismail, Joon Wah Mak, Peter CK Pook, Hui Meng Er and Chin Eng Ong (2011). In vitro modulatory effects of Andrographis paniculata, Centella asiatica and Orthosiphon stamineus on cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133(2): 881-887
13 Mohd Apandi Yusof, Fazilah Rais, Maizatul Akma Abdullah, Liyana Ahmad Zamri, Hariyati Md Ali, Fauziah Md Kasim and Zainah Saat (2011). Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus71 (HEV71) strains isolated in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah from year 2001 to 2009. Journal of General and Molecular Virology 3(1): 18-26
14 Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Amir Sharifudin Mohd Khir, Aziz Al Safi Ismail, Ikram Shah Ismail,Kamarul Imran Musa, Khalid Abd Kadir, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Nor Azwany Yacob, Norlaila Mustafa, Osman Ali, Siti Harnida Mohd Isa, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar (2011). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in adult Malaysians: Result of a nationwide survey. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 91: 239-245
15 Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Kamarul Imran Musa, Amir Sharifudin Mohd Khir, Aziz Al Safi Ismail, Ikram Shah Ismail, Khalid Abd Kadir, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Nor Azwany Yacob, Norlaila Mustafa, Osman Ali, Siti Harnida Mohd Isa, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar (2011). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysia: an update. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20(1): 35-41
16 Florence LCH, Hakim SL, Kamaludin MA and Thong KL (2011). Determination of toxinotypes of enviromental Clostridium perfringens by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Tropical Biomedicine 28(1): 171-174
17 Zailatul Hani Mohamad Yadzir, Rosmilah Misnan, Normalin Abdullah, Masita Arip and Shahnaz Murad (2011). Identification of major allergens of wildflower honey. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(2): 370-375
18 TS Saraswathy, A Az-Ulhusna, R Nurul Ahikin, S Suriani and S Zainah (2011). Sero-prevalence of cytomegalovirus infections in pregnant women and associated role in obstetric complications: A preliminary study. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(2): 320-322
19 GH Tee, P Ramanathan, NM Amal and K Chinna (2011). Health seeking behaviour among Malaysian with acute diarrheal disease. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(2): 424-435
42 20 Wan Najdah Wan Mohamad Ali, Rohani Ahmad, Zurainee Mohd Nor, Zamree Ismail and Lee Han Lim (2011). Population dynamics of adults mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) in malaria endemic villages of Kuala Lipis, Pahang Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 42(2): 259-267
21 K Gurpreet, GH Tee, NM Amal, R Paramesarvathy and C Karuthan (2011). Incidence and determinants of acute diarrhoea in Malaysia: A population -based Study. Journal of Health, Populotion and Nutrition 29(2): 1-10
22 NM Amal, R Paramesarvathy, GH Tee, K Gurpreet, C Karuthan (2011). Prevelance of chronic illness and health seeking behaviour in Malaysian population: Results from The Third National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) 2006. The Medical Journal of Malaysia 66(1): 41-46
23 Norzahira R, Hidayatulfathi O, Wong HM, Cheryl A, Firdaus R, Chew HS, Lim KW, Sing KW, Mahathavan M, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Vasan SS, Mc Kemey A and Lacroix R (2011). Ovitrap surveillance of the dengue vectors, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse in selected areas in Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 28(1): 48-54
24 Mariana A, Mohd Khulaimi B, Halimaton I, Suhaili ZA, Shahrul-Anuar MS, Nor Zalipah M and Ho TM (2011). Acarine ectoparasites of Panti Forest Reserve in Johore, Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1(1): 1-5
25 AY Faudzi, NM Amal, AO Zainal, I Lailanor, H Sirajuddin and MA Taha (2011). Improvement in medically certified death: results from a pilot study in the State of Malacca, Malaysia. Medical Journal of Malaysia 66(1): 26-29
26 TS Saraswathy, AS Santana Raj, Khairul A Othman, Aida Suhana R, Izan Izan Shahrina A and Zainah S (2011). Apoptosis versus necrosis: electron microscopy observations of cell death events in influenza A virus and chikungunya virus induced infection of cultured cells. Annals of Microscopy 11: 44-49
27 Mariana A, Vellayan S, Halimaton I and Ho TM (2011). Acariasis on pet Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus in Malayia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 4(3): 227-228
28 Azima Laili Hanifah, Siti Hazar Awang, Ho Tze Ming, Suhaili Zainal Abidin and Maizatul Hashima Omar (2011). Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Azadirachta indica against house dust mites. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1(5): 365-369 29 AR Kerr, S Warnakulasuriya, AJ Mighell, T Dietrich, M Nasser, J Rimal, A Jalil, MM Bornstein, T Nagao, F Fortune, VH Hazarey, PA Reichart, S Silverman and NW Johnson (2011). A systematic review of medical interventions for oral submucous fibrosis and future research opportunities. Oral Diseases 17(suppl. 1): 42-57
43 30 Yih-Yih Kok, Wan-Loy Chu, Siew-Moi Phang, Shar Mariam Mohamed, Rakesh Naidu, Pey-Jiun Lai, Shui-Nyuk Ling, Joon-Wah Mak, Patricia Kim-Chooi Lim, Pauline Balraj and Alan Soo-Beng Khoo (2011). Inhibitory activities of microalgal extracts against Epstein-Barr virus DNA release from lymphoblastoid cells. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 12(5): 335-345
31 Murali Krishna Mamidi, Rajarshi Pal, Nor Azah binti Mori, Greetha Arumugam, Saratha Thevi Thrichelvam, Puteri J Noor, Hj Mohamad Farouk Abdullah, Pawan Kumar Gupta, Anjan Kumar Das, Zubaidah Zakaria and Ramesh Bhonde (2011). Co-culture of mesenchymal-like stromal cells derived from human foreskin permits long term propagation and diffentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 112(5): 1353-1363
32 Nadarajan VS, Phan CL, Ang CH, Liang KL, Gan GG, Bee PC and Zakaria Z (2011). Identification of copy number alterations by array comparative genomic hybrodization in patients with late chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib mesylate. International Journal of Hematology 93(4): 465-473
33 Mamidi MK, Pal R, Govindasamy V, Zakaria Z and Bhonde R (2011). Treat the graft to improve the regenerative ability of the host. Medical Hypotheses 76(4): 599-601
34 CC Kee, K H Lim, MG Sumarni, MN Ismail, BK Poh and NM Amal (2011). Physical activities and sedentary behaviour among adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 7(1):
35 AR Ghazali, R Abdullah, N Ramli, NF Rejab, MS Ahmad-Kamal and NA Yahya (2011). Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of Mitragyna speciosa Korth extract using Ames test. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(8): 1345-1348
36 Ibrahim Jantan, Nurul Hikmah Harun, Abdi Wira Septama, Shahnaz Murad and MA Mesaik (2011). Inhibition of chemiluminescence and chemotatic activity of phagocytes in vitro by extracts of selected medicinal plants. Journal of Natural Medicines 65(2): 400-405
37 Yan Pan, Badrul Amini Abd-Rashid, Zakiah Ismail, Rusli Ismail, Joon Wah Mak, Peter CK Pook, Hui Meng Er and Chin Eng Ong (2011). In vitro of active constituents and extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus on the activities of three major human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 enzymes. Chemico-Biological Interactions 190(1): 1-8 38 Siu Kuin Wong, Yau Yan Lim, Noor Rain Abdullah and Fariza Juliana Nordin (2011). Assessment of antiproliferative and antiplasmodial activities of five selected Apocynaceae species. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 11:3
44 39 Mohd Apandi Yusof, Lau Sau Kuen, Norfaezah Adnan, Nur Izmawati Abd Razak, Liyana Ahmad Zamri, Khairul Izwan Hulaimi and Zainah Saat (2011). Epidemiology and molecular characterization of chikungunya virus involved in the 2008 to 2009 outbreak in Malaysia. Journal of General and Molecular Virology 3(2): 35-42
40 Norlaila Mustafa, Nor Azmi Kamarudin, Ab Aziz Ismail, Amir Sharifuddin Khir, Ikram Shah Ismail, Kamarul Imran Musa, Khalid Abdul Kadir, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Osman Ali, Siti Harnida Md Isa, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar and Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud (2011). Prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerence and risk factors in urban and rural Malaysia. Diabetes Care 34: 1362-1364
41 SZ Halim, NR Abdullah, A Afzan, BA Abdul Rashid, I Jantan and Z Ismail (2011). Study of acute toxicity of Carica papaya leaf extracts in Sprague Dawley rats. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(10): 1867-1872
42 Saliza Anida Salleh, Nor Fadilah Rejab, Noor Rain Abdullah, Zakiah Ismail, Peter Mouatt, Ashley Dowell and Shamsul Muhamad (2011). In vitro chemopreventive activity of an ethyl acetate fraction derived from hot water extract of Orthosiphon stamineus in HepG2 cells. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(10): 1892-1899
43 Fauziah Md Kassim, M Nur Izati, TAR TgRogayah, Y Mohd Apandi and Zainah Saat (2011). Use of dengue NS1 antigen for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biomedicine and Public Health 42(3): 562-569 44 Mashitah M. Yusoff, Halijah Ibrahim and Nurulhusna A. Hamid (2011). Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity essential oils of very closely allied Zingiberaceae species endemic to Borneo: Alpinia ligulata K. Schum. and Alpinia nieuwenhuizii VAL. Chemistry and Biodiversity 8(5): 916-923
45 Aswir Abd Rashed (2011). In vitro study to determine the effect of zinc on non- heme iron absorption. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine and Public Health 3(5): 354-368
46 Aswir AR and Wan Nazaimoon WM (2011). Effect of edible bird's nest on cell proliferation and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) release in vitro. International Food Research Journal 18(3): 1073-1077 47 Mansor Fazliana, Nubia L Ramos, Petra Luthje, Musa Sekikubo, Asa Holm, WM Wan Nazaimoon and Annelie Brauner (2011). Labisia pumila var. alata reduces bacterial load by inducing uroepithelial cell apoptosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 136(1): 111-116
45 48 Too Chun Lai, Leonid Padyukov, Jasbir Singh Dhaliwal, Emeli Lundstrom, Abqariyah Yahya, Nor Asiah Muhamad, Lars Klareskog, Lars Alfredsson, Per Tobias Larsson, Shahnaz Murad and MyEira Group (2011). Shared epitope alleles remain a risk factor for anti-citrullinated proteins antibody (ACPA) - positive rheumatoid arthritis in three asian ethnic groups. PLoS One 6(6): e21069
49 H Rozilawati, AY Faudzi, AA Siti Rahidah, AH Nor Azlina, AG Abdullah, NM Amal, H Wan Mansor, H Hani, Y Apandi, Faezah Noor, Norziyana, WA Nazni, J Zairi and HL Lee (2011). Entomological study of chikungunya infectious in the State of Kelantan, Malaysia. Indian Journal of Medical Research 133: 670-673
50 Yan Pan, Badrul Amini Abd Rashid, Zakiah Ismail, Rusli Ismail, Joon Wah Mak, Peter CK Pook, Hui Meng Er and Chin Eng Ong (2011). In vitro determination of the effect of Andrographis paniculata extracts and andrographolide on human hepatic cytochrome P450 activities. Journal of Natural Medicine 65(3-4): 440-447
51 Uma Devi Palanisamy, Muniswaran Sivanathan, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Nagaraja Haleagrahara, Thavamanithevi Subramaniam and Gan Seng Chiew (2011). An effective ostrich oli bleaching technique using peroxide value as an indicator. Molecules 16: 5709-5719
52 Syuhaidah Sahabudin, Rosmilah Misnan, Zailatul Hani Mohamad Yadzir, Jamaludin Mohamad, Noormalin Abdullah, Faizal Bakhtiar and Shahnaz Murad (2011). Identification of major and minor allergens of black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and king prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus). Malaysian Journal of Medical Science 18(3): 27-32
53 A Madinah, A Fatimah, A Mariana and MT Abdullah (2011). Ectoparasites of small mammals in four localities of wildlife reserves in Peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biomedicine and Public Health 42(4): 803- 813
54 Siu Kuin Wong, Yau Yan Lim, Noor Rain Abdullah and Fariza Juliana Nordin (2011). Antiproliferative and phytochemical analyses of leaf extracts of ten Apocynaceae species. Pharmacognosy Research 3(2): 100-106
55 Rohani Md Yasin, Norni Mohd Zin, Azura Hussin, Salbiah Haji Nawi, Suhailah Md Hanapiah, Zubaidah Abdul Wahab, Ganeswarie Raj, Norazita Shafie, Ng Pey Peng, Keah K Chui, Muhhamad Nazri Aziz, Nurahan Maning, Jamilah Said Mohamad, Adom Benjamin, Mohd. Azmi bin Mohd. Salleh, Sabarina Sabihah Zahari, Alex Francis, Norazah Ahmad and Rina Karunakaran (2011). Current trend of pneumococcal serotypes distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Malaysian hospitals. Vaccine 29(34): 5688-5693
46 56 Mohd Fuat Abdul Razak and Kofi E Aidoo (2011). Toxicity studies of Eurycoma longifolia (Jack)-based remedial products. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 4(3): 23-27
47 APPENDIX 7
COURSES IN 2011
NO. COURSES DATE DURATION
1 DAP&E August to Dec 2011 5 month
2 DMM Jan to July 2011
Workshop Application of proteomics 3 4 days on Infectious Diseases
Identification of carbapenamase 4 3 days producers
5 Virology Update 21 - 23 Oct 2011 3 days
Array CGH and SNP Detection of Subtle Genetic Alterations for 6 June / July 2011 5 days Diagnosis of Certain Heritable Diseases.
Predicting Pathogenecity of DNA 7 mutations in3-D protein structure: May / June 2011 5 days Bioinfomatics
Cancer therapeutics : High 8 April 2011 3 days content screening
Next Generation Sequencing 9 Nov 2011 3 - 5 days Data Analysis
10 IT Updates 2nd Series October 2011 1 days
11 Course on Web Portal February 2011 7 days
12 Medical Research Proposal Writing April 2011 3 days
48 13 STATA (Intermediate level) June 2011 5 days
Research methodology in medical 14 Julai 2011 5 days research
STATA including time series 15 Ogos 2011 5 days analysis (advanced level)
Application of biostatistics in 16 Sept 2011 5 days outbreak management
International Course in advanced 17 October 2011 10 days epidemiology
Scientific writing: preparing 18 Nov 2011 3 days manuscript for publication
Specimen Preservation & 19 April 2011 4 days Management Course
Course on Arrangement & Exhibiting 20 August 2011 3 days at the Museum
Protocol, Social Ethics & Self 21 July 2011 2 days Presentation Course
22 Computer (SPSS) 3 days
49 APPENDIX 8
COURSES CONDUCTED IN 2010
No Name of Courses Date 1 Kursus Identification Methods 6/8/2010
2 Kursus Bacteria Identification based on 21-22/6 16s ribosomal RNA Gene Sequence Analysis 3 ISO 14001:2004 Awareness Introdution (in Jun-10 House Traning 4 Schedule Waste Management (In House Jun-10 Traning) 5 ISO 14001:2004 Internel Auditing 19-20/5/2010
6 Basic Quality workshop sekitar Mei- Jun
7 International Courses on Advance Tropical Julai 2010 Epidemiology 8 Advance Statistical Analysis for Complex Mei 2010 Study Design Using STATA software 9 Hands On GIS Julai 2010 10 Statistical Modeling For Infectious Disease Jun-10 with reference to dengue, TB and Malaria 11 Occupational fist Aids Awareness 11-12/5/2010 Program-Refreshing Course 12 Advance Flowcytometry workshop: Jun -julai Multicolor immunophenotyping and side population- sorting and analysis of NPC xenografts tumor 13 Malaria Diagnosis Workshop 2010 29/6-1Julai 14 Kursus Good Manufacturing Practice) April-Jun makmal sell stem IMR 15 Dynamic Team Building for Professional 14-16 Jun Development 16 Siri Latihan Bagi Internal Auditor 5-7 Julai
50 17 Kursus Basic Geographical Information 6-8 Julai System (GIS) RM 7000.00 18 Emergency Response Plan
19 GLP SOP Workshop 11-12 Jun 20 Kursus Pengurusan Kewangan 29-30 Julai
21 Asas penjagaan & Penggunaan Haiwan 6/21/2010 Makmal 22 Kursus Penulisan Bahasa Malaysia 6-7 Julai 23 Introduction And Application of STATA in 3-5 Ogos Medical Statistic 24 Kursus Penulisan Bahasa Malaysia 27-29 Julai 25 Kursus Umum (LDP) 2010
26 Kursus Khidmat Cemerlang dan 4 & 5 Ogos Pemantapan Motivasi Kerja
27 Kursus Mereka citpa Laman Web 12-13 okt
28 Kursus Proposal Writing In Biomedical Okt -Dis Research 29 Intermediate and Advance Application of Okt -Dis STATA in Medical Statistic 30 8th International Course on advanced 18 -29 Okt Epidemiology 31 Gene Deletion and Duplication Workshop 25- 28 Okt and Related Bioinformatics 32 Ceramah CME di bawah penyelarasan Sept Unit Sumber Haiwan Makmal
51