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Home , Gerrit de Veer, Hessel Gerritsz, Hugh Willoughby

Fra: Google Forms [email protected] Emne: The History of - Exercise 2020 Dato: 28. januar 2020 kl. 14:35 Til: [email protected]

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The History of Svalbard - Exercise 2020

Mandatory exercise. 66 % correct answers required to pass for final exam.

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Student Name (Last name, first name) *

Teacher

Discovery and early history

1. According to Norwegian tradition Norse sailors discovered Svalbard – when?

In 1096

In 1194 In 1196 In 1349

2. Which of the following persons took part in the expedition that discovered Svalbard in 1596?

Hessel Gerritsz Jan Cornelisz Rijp Jacob Heemskerk Peter Plancius

3. How many expeditions did Willem Barentsz take part in, and which years did they take place?

3: 1594, 1595 and 1596-1597

4. In the early 1600s the British claimed that Svalbard had been discovered in 1553 – by whom?

Hugh Willoughby

5. What is Svalbard called on the first map of the islands published by Cornelis Claesz in 1598?

Spitsbergen

Het Nieuwe Land Thule

Whaling and sealing

6. Which nationalities participated in whaling at Svalbard before 1620?

Russian

British German

Dutch

French Scandinavian

7. Which whale species was the most important in 17th Century whaling at Svalbard?

Bowhead or Greenland whale (B. Mysticetus) 8. Which of these products of 17th Century whaling had significant commercial value?

Whale meat Oil Whalebone Baleen Whale hide or leather

9. When did traditional whaling in Svalbard waters come to an end?

Around 1650 Around 1700 Around 1750 Around 1800 Around 1850

10. Which species were commercially important in North Atlantic sealing after 1900?

Ringed seal

Bearded seal Hooded seal

Harbour seal Harp seal

Walrus Elephant seal

Hunters and trappers

11. Who were the first hunters and trappers to winter regularly on Svalbard?

Dutch British

Scandinavians Russians

12. Which geographical region did the come from? 12. Which geographical region did the Pomors come from?

Murmansk

White Sea Kara Sea

Siberia

13. When did the Russian hunting and trapping on Svalbard come to an end?

Around 1700 Around 1750

Around 1800 Around 1850 Around 1900

14. Which were the long-term most valuable products of Norwegian winter trapping?

Furs of polar bear and Walrus teeth Reindeer skins and meat Seal skins and oil

Eider down

15. Which period had the highest number of Norwegian winter trapping expeditions to Svalbard?

1800-1850 1850-1900 1900-1950

1950-2000

Exploration and science

16. When did the Russian "Chichagov"- expedition to Svalbard take place?

1736-1737

1748-1750 1764-1766 1764-1766 1789-1790

1838-1839

17. The Swedish scientist Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld wintered once on Svalbard – where and when?

At Polhem in Mosselbukta, 1872-1873

18. A new Swedish scientific station was built and used during the International Geophysical Year – where?

Bjørnøya Kapp Linnée Longyearbyen

Hornsund Ny-Ålesund Kinnvika

Hopen

19. Which international scientific organization stood behind the station that was operated in Ny-Ålesund 1967-1974?

EISCAT

SVALSAT ESRO IMO

20. When was the University Center on Svalbard UNIS established?

1989 1993 1995

1998 2000

Polar Expeditions from Svalbard 21. Who was the first explorer to try and go across the ice to the instead of using a ship, and when was it?

William Edward Parry, 1827

22. Who was the LAST of the following to attempt to reach the North Pole by aircraft?

Walter Wellman S.A. Andrée

Roald Amundsen

Richard Byrd

23. How many polar expeditions did carry out starting from Svalbard?

1 2 3 4

The industrial era

24. Which company is associated with the establishment of Longyearbyen in 1906?

Northern Exploration Co. Arctic Coal Co. Spitzbergen Coal & Trading Co.

Store Norske Kulkompani

25. What is the name of the Russian coal-mining company that operates on Svalbard today?

Trust Arktikugol

26. Which of these mines have actually produced coal after year 2000? Ny-Ålesund

Sveagruva Longyearbyen Pyramiden Barentsburg Grumant Tunheim

Political history

27. Which of the following states did NOT sign the original Svalbard Treaty in 1920?

Sweden United States

Russia Japan Italy Germany

28. What is the Norwegian title of the highest ranking Government official on Svalbard, and when was the office established?

Sysselmannen på Svalbard, 1925

29. The population of Svalbard was evacuated during World War 2 – when?

1940 1941 1942 1943 1944

30. In 1944 there was a dramatic confrontation between Norway and the Soviet Union regarding Svalbard – about what, in short?

In a meeting with his Norwegian colleague Trygve Lie in Moscow in November 1944, Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov demanded that the Svalbard Treaty must be set aside, that the USSR and Norway should share responsibility for Svalbard's defense, and Norway should share responsibility for Svalbard's defense, and that Bjørnøya should be 'returned' to Russia. This incident and the following political process is known as the "Svalbard crisis".

31. In 1978 a Soviet military airplane crashed on Svalbard - where?

Operafjellet Prins Karls forland Bjørnøya Hopen

Hornsund

32. When was local democracy (Lokalstyret) established in Longyearbyen?

1948 1976 1989 2002

33. How far do Svalbard's territorial waters (i.e. the territorial border) extend?

4 nautical miles

12 nautical miles 200 nautical miles

End of exercise!

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