Temporality of Flower Initiation and Control of Inflorescence Architecture Anaïs Chaumeret
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Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Vulgaris in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Areas
Chloroplast DNA Phylogeography Reveals Repeated Range Expansion in a Widespread Aquatic Herb Hippuris vulgaris in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Areas Jin-Ming Chen1., Zhi-Yuan Du1., Shan-Shan Sun1,2, Robert Wahiti Gituru3, Qing-Feng Wang1* 1 Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 3 Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract Background: The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is one of the most extensive habitats for alpine plants in the world. Climatic oscillations during the Quaternary ice age had a dramatic effect on species ranges on the QTP and the adjacent areas. However, how the distribution ranges of aquatic plant species shifted on the QTP in response to Quaternary climatic changes remains almost unknown. Methodology and Principal Findings: We studied the phylogeography and demographic history of the widespread aquatic herb Hippuris vulgaris from the QTP and adjacent areas. Our sampling included 385 individuals from 47 natural populations of H. vulgaris. Using sequences from four chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) non-coding regions, we distinguished eight different cpDNA haplotypes. From the cpDNA variation in H. vulgaris, we found a very high level of population differentiation (GST = 0.819) but the phylogeographical structure remained obscure (NST = 0.853.GST = 0.819, P.0.05). Phylogenetic analyses revealed two main cpDNA haplotype lineages. The split between these two haplotype groups can be dated back to the mid-to-late Pleistocene (ca. 0.480 Myr). Mismatch distribution analyses showed that each of these had experienced a recent range expansion. -
Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting -
Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database. -
Abscisic Acid (ABA)-Mediated Plant Mechanisms for Conserving Water Under Low Humidity
plants Review Surviving a Dry Future: Abscisic Acid (ABA)-Mediated Plant Mechanisms for Conserving Water under Low Humidity Frances C. Sussmilch 1,2 ID and Scott A. M. McAdam 3,* 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia; [email protected] 2 Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany 3 Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-765-494-3650 Received: 3 October 2017; Accepted: 1 November 2017; Published: 4 November 2017 Abstract: Angiosperms are able to respond rapidly to the first sign of dry conditions, a decrease in air humidity, more accurately described as an increase in the vapor pressure deficit between the leaf and the atmosphere (VPD), by abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure. The genes underlying this response offer valuable candidates for targeted selection of crop varieties with improved drought tolerance, a critical goal for current plant breeding programs, to maximize crop production in drier and increasingly marginalized environments, and meet the demands of a growing population in the face of a changing climate. Here, we review current understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning ABA-mediated stomatal closure, a key means for conserving water under dry conditions, examine how these mechanisms evolved, and discuss what remains to be investigated. Keywords: stomata; humidity; vapor pressure deficit (VPD); abscisic acid (ABA); 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED); water deficit stress; evolution; sensing water status 1. Introduction Water availability is a major limiting factor for plant survival and growth, and is one of the most significant constraining factors for crop production. -
583–584 Angiosperms 583 *Eudicots and Ceratophyllales
583 583 > 583–584 Angiosperms These schedules are extensively revised, having been prepared with little reference to earlier editions. 583 *Eudicots and Ceratophyllales Subdivisions are added for eudicots and Ceratophyllales together, for eudicots alone Class here angiosperms (flowering plants), core eudicots For monocots, basal angiosperms, Chloranthales, magnoliids, see 584 See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584; also at 583 vs. 582.13 .176 98 Mangrove swamp ecology Number built according to instructions under 583–588 Class here comprehensive works on mangroves For mangroves of a specific order or family, see the order or family, e.g., mangroves of family Combretaceae 583.73 .2 *Ceratophyllales Class here Ceratophyllaceae Class here hornworts > 583.3–583.9 Eudicots Class comprehensive works in 583 .3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales .34 *Ranunculales Including Berberidaceae, Eupteleaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae Including aconites, anemones, barberries, buttercups, Christmas roses, clematises, columbines, delphiniums, hellebores, larkspurs, lesser celandine, mandrake, mayapple, mayflower, monkshoods, moonseeds, wolfsbanes For Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35 See also 583.9593 for mandrakes of family Solanaceae .35 *Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Pteridophyllaceae Including bleeding hearts, bloodroot, celandines, Dutchman’s breeches, fumitories, poppies See also 583.34 for lesser celandine .37 *Sabiaceae * *Add as instructed under 583–588 1 583 Dewey Decimal Classification -
HELCOM Red List
SPECIES INFORMATION SHEET Hippuris tetraphylla English name: Scientific name: Fourleaf Mare's Tail Hippuris tetraphylla Taxonomical group: Species authority: Class: Magnoliidae Linnaeus f. Order: Lamiales Family: Hippuridaceae Subspecies, Variations, Synonyms: – Generation length: Not known Past and current threats (Habitats Directive Future threats (Habitats Directive article 17 article 17 codes): Overgrowth of the open areas codes): Overgrowth of the open areas (A04.03, (A04.03, K01.03), Eutrophication (H01.05), K01.03), Eutrophication (H01.05), Construction Construction (D01, D03, J02.02.02), Competition (D01, D03, J02.02.02), Competition (with Hippuris (with Hippuris x lanceolata, K04.01) x lanceolata, K04.01), Climate change (reduction of ice scouring, J03.03) IUCN Criteria: HELCOM Red List EN B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) Category: Endangered Global / European IUCN Red List Category : Habitats Directive: NE / LC Annex II species Protection and Red List status in HELCOM countries: Denmark –/–, Estonia –/–, Finland Protected under the Nature Conservation Decree/EN, Germany –/– , Latvia –/–, Lithuania –/–, Poland –/–, Russia –/–, Sweden protected by law/CR Distribution and status in the Baltic Sea region Hippuris tetraphylla has historically occurred along the whole coastline of Finland. The species has been strongly declining in its previously most abundant areas of occurrence along the Finnish coasts, and at the moment it is only known to exist in the Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea. From the Gulf of Finland it has disappeared. In Sweden it is known only from Ångermanland’s coast, where two known occurrences are closely situated. The species has also disappeared from the Swedish coasts of the Western Gotland Basin and the Northern Baltic Proper. -
Rubiaceae): Evolution of Major Clades, Development of Leaf-Like Whorls, and Biogeography
TAXON 59 (3) • June 2010: 755–771 Soza & Olmstead • Molecular systematics of Rubieae Molecular systematics of tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of major clades, development of leaf-like whorls, and biogeography Valerie L. Soza & Richard G. Olmstead Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195-5325, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Valerie L. Soza, [email protected] Abstract Rubieae are centered in temperate regions and characterized by whorls of leaf-like structures on their stems. Previous studies that primarily included Old World taxa identified seven major clades with no resolution between and within clades. In this study, a molecular phylogeny of the tribe, based on three chloroplast regions (rpoB-trnC, trnC-psbM, trnL-trnF-ndhJ) from 126 Old and New World taxa, is estimated using parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Seven major clades are strongly supported within the tribe, confirming previous studies. Relationships within and between these seven major clades are also strongly supported. In addition, the position of Callipeltis, a previously unsampled genus, is identified. The resulting phylogeny is used to examine geographic distribution patterns and evolution of leaf-like whorls in the tribe. An Old World origin of the tribe is inferred from parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. At least eight subsequent dispersal events into North America occurred from Old World ancestors. From one of these dispersal events, a radiation into North America, followed by subsequent diversification in South America, occurred. Parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstructions infer the ancestral whorl morphology of the tribe as composed of six organs. Whorls composed of four organs are derived from whorls with six or more organs. -
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team Biological Control of Invasive
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States Roy Van Driesche Bernd Blossey Mark Hoddle Suzanne Lyon Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2002-04 Department of Service August 2002 Agriculture BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES Technical Coordinators Roy Van Driesche and Suzanne Lyon Department of Entomology, University of Massachusets, Amherst, MA Bernd Blossey Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Mark Hoddle Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA, Forest Service, Morgantown, WV USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2002-04 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the authors of the individual chap- We would also like to thank the U.S. Depart- ters for their expertise in reviewing and summariz- ment of Agriculture–Forest Service, Forest Health ing the literature and providing current information Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West on biological control of the major invasive plants in Virginia, for providing funding for the preparation the Eastern United States. and printing of this publication. G. Keith Douce, David Moorhead, and Charles Additional copies of this publication can be or- Bargeron of the Bugwood Network, University of dered from the Bulletin Distribution Center, Uni- Georgia (Tifton, Ga.), managed and digitized the pho- versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, (413) tographs and illustrations used in this publication and 545-2717; or Mark Hoddle, Department of Entomol- produced the CD-ROM accompanying this book. -
Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. -
The Evolution and Functional Significance of Leaf Shape In'the
CSIRO PUBLISHING Review www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb Functional Plant Biology, 2011, 38, 535–552 The evolution and functional significance of leaf shape in the angiosperms Adrienne B. NicotraA,H, Andrea Leigh B, C. Kevin Boyce C, Cynthia S. Jones D, Karl J. Niklas E, Dana L. RoyerF and Hirokazu TsukayaG AResearch School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. BSchool of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. CDepartment of the Geophysical Sciences, 5734 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. DDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit-3043, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. EDepartment of Plant Biology, Cornell University, 412 Mann Library Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. FDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, 265 Church Street, Middletown, CT 06459, USA. GGraduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Science Build #2, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. HCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] This paper is part of an ongoing series: ‘The Evolution of Plant Functions’. Abstract. Angiosperm leaves manifest a remarkable diversity of shapes that range from developmental sequences within a shoot and within crown response to microenvironment to variation among species within and between communities and among orders or families. It is generally assumed that because photosynthetic leaves are critical to plant growth and survival, variation in their shape reflects natural selection operating on function. Several non-mutually exclusive theories have been proposed to explain leaf shape diversity. These include: thermoregulation of leaves especially in arid and hot environments, hydraulic constraints, patterns of leaf expansion in deciduous species, biomechanical constraints, adaptations to avoid herbivory, adaptations to optimise light interception and even that leaf shape variation is a response to selection on flower form. -
The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae Are Further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales)
Research Paper 1 The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae are further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales) R. Rahmanzadeh1, K. Müller2, E. Fischer3, D. Bartels1, and T. Borsch2 1 Institut für Molekulare Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany 2 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany 3 Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften ± Biologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraûe 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany Received: July 14, 2004; Accepted: September 22, 2004 Abstract: The Lamiales are one of the largest orders of angio- Traditionally, Craterostigma, Lindernia and their relatives have sperms, with about 22000 species. The Scrophulariaceae, as been treated as members of the family Scrophulariaceae in the one of their most important families, has recently been shown order Lamiales (e.g., Takhtajan,1997). Although it is well estab- to be polyphyletic. As a consequence, this family was re-classi- lished that the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are their first fied and several groups of former scrophulariaceous genera branching families (Bremer et al., 2002; Hilu et al., 2003; Soltis now belong to different families, such as the Calceolariaceae, et al., 2000), little is known about the evolutionary diversifica- Plantaginaceae, or Phrymaceae. In the present study, relation- tion of most of the orders diversity. The Lamiales branching ships of the genera Craterostigma, Lindernia and its allies, hith- above the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are called ªcore erto classified within the Scrophulariaceae, were analyzed. Se- Lamialesº in the following text. The most recent classification quences of the chloroplast trnK intron and the matK gene by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG2, 2003) recognizes (~ 2.5 kb) were generated for representatives of all major line- 20 families.