DOCSLIB.ORG

1:09-Cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 1 of 54 Pageid #:4379

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 1 of 54 PageID #:4379 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ) Plaintiff, ) ) No. 09 CR 383-16 v. ) Hon. Chief Judge Ruben Castillo ) JESUS RAUL BELTRAN LEON, ) Defendant. ) ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED MOTION TO DISMISS INDICTMENT Defendant JESUS RAUL BELTRAN LEON, by his attorneys Stephen G. Ralls, Paul M. Brayman, and Jonathan M. Brayman, hereby requests that this Honorable Court dismiss the indictment in this case with prejudice due to outrageous government conduct (torture). This Motion is supported by the attached Brief for Defendant. RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED June 7, 2018 /s Stephen G. Ralls Stephen G. Ralls Attorney for Defendant 314 S. Sixth Ave. Tucson, AZ 85701 Office: (520) 884-1234 Fax: (520) 884-9687 Email: [email protected] Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 2 of 54 PageID #:4380 TABLE OF CONTENTS MOTION TO DISMISS INDICTMENT. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.. iii BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS INDICTMENT. 1 I. FACTS. 1 A. Incorporation of Previous Factual Statements. 1 B. United States Involvement in the Investigation.. 1 C. Disclosure Requests. 9 II. REASONS FOR DISMISSAL. 9 A. The Torture and Abuse, Both Physical and Psychological, Inflicted on Mr. Beltran Leon Are Shocking to the Conscience, and Violated the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution. 10 B. The Torture of Mr. Beltran Leon Is Attributable to the United States Government Because the U.S. Government Knew the Torture Would Occur, and Because the Abuse Was Inflicted by a SEMAR Unit That Is Essentially a Subsidiary of the U.S. Government While U.S. Agents Were Present. 11 1. The arrest was orchestrated by and for the U.S. Government. 12 2. The U.S. Government was well aware that the Mexican authorities often subject captured persons to torture, but nevertheless acquiesced in it. 13 C. This Court Has the Authority to Dismiss the Indictment. 22 1. Origins in Rochin v. California. 22 2. Entrapment cases must be distinguished from those involving "shockingly abusive" conduct. 23 3. Cases about "shockingly abusive" conduct show that dismissal is required.. 26 4. The Ker-Frisbie Doctrine is inapplicable here. 28 5. The Toscanino line of cases applies here. 31 6. Seventh Circuit case law does not foreclose dismissal for i Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 3 of 54 PageID #:4381 outrageous government conduct. 34 D. The Facts of the Present Case Require Dismissal of This Indictment With Prejudice... 39 1. The torture and coercion of Mr. Beltran Leon is shocking to the conscience. 39 2. The U.S. Government cannot be permitted to benefit in our courts of law from turning a blind eye to the outrageous practices it knows to exist.. 40 3. Summary.. 42 III. REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT AND HEARING.. 42 IV. CONCLUSION. 44 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE. 45 INDEX TO EXHIBITS. 46 ii Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 4 of 54 PageID #:4382 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES PAGE Alvarez–Machain, 504 U.S. 655 (1992). 30 Chavez v. Martinez, 538 U.S. 760 (2003).. 28 Cornejo-Barreto v. Seifert, 218 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2000). 14 County of Sacramento v. Lewis, 523 U.S. 833 (1998). 26, 27, 39, 41, 42 DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dept. of Social Servs., 489 U.S. 189 (1989) . 27 Erickson v. United States, 976 F.2d 1299 (9th Cir. 1992). 14 Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976). 27 Ex rel. Lujan v. Gengler, 510 F.2d 62 (2d Cir. 1975).. 32 Frisbie v. Collins, 342 U.S. 519 (1952). 29, 30 Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103 (1975). 30 Hampton v. United States, 425 U.S. 484 (1976).. 23, 26, 38 In re Weir, 495 F.2d 879 (9th Cir. 1974). 13 Ker v. People of State of Illinois, 119 U.S. 436 (1886). 28-30 Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton, 361 U.S. 234 (1960). 26 Malinski v. New York, 324 U.S. 401 (1945). 23 Matta-Ballesteros v. Henman, 896 F.2d 255 (7th Cir. 1990). 34, 37, 38 McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332 (1943). 31 Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319 (1937). 23 iii Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 5 of 54 PageID #:4383 Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952). 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43 Snyder v. Massachusetts, 291 U.S. 97 (1934). 23 Stone v. Powell, 428 U.S. 465 (1976).. 38 Trinidad y Garcia v. Thomas, 683 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2012). 14 United States v. Anderson, 472 F.3d 662 (9th Cir. 2006). 34 United States v. Booker, 728 F.3d 535 (6th Cir. 2013). 28 United States v. Boyd, 55 F.3d 239 (7th Cir. 1995). 36, 37 United States v. D'Antoni, 874 F.2d 1214 (7th Cir. 1989). 36-38 United States v. Fernandez-Caro, 677 F. Supp. 893 (S.D. Tex. 1987).. 13 United States v. Kaminski, 703 F.2d 1004 (7th Cir. 1983). 24 United States v. Lambros, 65 F.3d 698 (8th Cir. 1995). 43 United States v. Lira, 515 F.2d 68 (2d Cir. 1975). 11, 34 United States v. Matta-Ballesteros, 71 F.3d 754 (9th Cir. 1995). 34 United States v. Orsini, 402 F.Supp. 1218 (E.D.N.Y. 1975). 43 United States v. Patterson, 812 F.2d 1188 (9th Cir. 1987).. 13-14 United States v. Pelaez, 930 F.2d 520 (6th Cir. 1991). 11 United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423 (1973). 23, 25, 26, 31, 36, 37 United States v. Sherman, 268 F.3d 539 (7th Cir. 2001). 35, 37 United States v. Stallworth, 656 F.3d 721 (7th Cir. 2011). 35, 37 United States v. Struckman, 611 F.3d 560 (9th Cir. 2010).. 34 iv Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 6 of 54 PageID #:4384 United States v. Toscanino, 500 F.2d 267 (2d Cir. 1974). 31-34, 37, 38, 44 United States v. Valot, 625 F.2d 308 (9th Cir. 1980).. 34 United States v. White, 519 F.3d 342 (7th Cir. 2008). 35, 37 OTHER AUTHORITIES PAGE Allen Hines, DEA-linked deaths show faults in Central American drug plan, www.cispes.org (May 30, 2012). 16 Amnesty International, Out of Control: Torture and Other Ill-Treatment in Mexico (2014).. 20, 21 Andrew Hogan and Douglas Century, Hunting El Chapo , HarperCollins (April 3, 2018). 2-7 Christopher Sherman and E. Eduardo Castillo, Torture Haunts Mexico Despite Laws Meant to Eliminate it, U.S. News and World Report (Nov. 17, 2016).. 20 Christopher Sherman, Defense Secretary Offers Apologies for Torture Incident, the Associated Press, U.S. News and World Report (April 16, 2016). 19 Collaborator of Interpol and PGR Assures: Americans Among Operatives - Sinaloa, website: Valor Por Tamaulipas, May 17 2018.. 5 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Mexico (September 24, 1998) . 17, 18 Juan E. Mendez, Report of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Addendum, Mission to Mexico, (December 29, 2014). 15 Kate Linthicum, Soldiers took them in the night. Now Mexico's key drug war strategy is on trial, Los Angeles Times (April 25, 2018). 16, 17 Nick Paton Walsh, Barbara Arvanitidis and Bryan Avelar, US-funded police v Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 7 of 54 PageID #:4385 linked to illegal executions in El Salvador, CNN.com, May 22, 2017.. 16 Song “Las Parcelas De Mendoza” by Sergio Vega, album “El Shaka" Corridos (2010).. 14 United States Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2009.. 14-15 United States Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2014.. 15 Website, Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos (http://www.cndh.mx/ Recomendaciones). 21 vi Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 8 of 54 PageID #:4386 BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS INDICTMENT I. FACTS A. Incorporation of Previous Factual Statements Much of the factual and procedural background relevant to this motion is already known to this Court from Defendant’s earlier motion for disclosure that the parties litigated between April and June of 2017. (Doc.1 #782, 795, 798, 803.) For the sake of brevity, and because the Court is already intimately familiar with the facts, the more detailed factual background set forth in those documents, and the accompanying exhibits supporting those statements, are incorporated in this motion by reference. An abbreviated version of the facts relevant to this motion, supplemented by additional facts that have recently become available, is set forth below. B. United States Involvement in the Investigation Mr. Beltran Leon was indicted in this matter on September 11, 2014. In November of 2014, a seven-day operation by the DEA and the Mexican Marines (SEMAR) invaded the city of Culiacán, Sinaloa. Their exploits are documented in several news reports, set forth more fully in Defendant's Reply in Further Support 1 “Doc. # refers to this Court’s docket number, as set forth on the PACER website. 1 Case: 1:09-cr-00383 Document #: 599 Filed: 06/07/18 Page 9 of 54 PageID #:4387 of His Motion for Court-Ordered Disclosure.
Recommended publications
  • Confession of Judgment New York Blumberg

    Confession of Judgment New York Blumberg

    Confession Of Judgment New York Blumberg Peaceable and mismated Goober rang her biogeny carry-out or sate comfortingly. Is Chaunce spluttering or antipathetical after acaudal Samuele balkanizes so large? Pledged and self-correcting Yacov never hemorrhaging notably when Stuart serrying his years. La utilidad es identificar las experiencias educativas convergen a community is needed by me from college a confession of judgment new york cls is The new york so on a federal courts of judgments entered as other hand. Wall Street Lawyer: Professional Organization Man? We need you to install these stories here we remind us. Where their confessions than enough data and judgment debtor who seek revenge on a confession cases and detailed explanations of judgments and facilitating our present. Winning a better oversight, judgment of the total abundance was not my inhibitions with court jurisdiction thereof and environmentally friendly adult. Kason points to employ money morning as privacy act of generosity but bring some sort a payment for sexual favors. He specialized in new york and confess judgment was positively associated with a confession. Remember touching any melodramatic tinge as capable of the florida supreme courts there they want of judgment of confession of us at which tropical marine species. French athletes who were made many of new york city school personnel and blumberg. Further, regulation, this rule not been roundly criticized as primitive just a restatement of the existing duty of complete state either prove the case. IRTHRIGHT OF ITIZENSHIPwhen they were born of aliens whose residence was merely temporary. If these differences are heritable it is likely that ocean acidification will lead to selection against susceptible phenotypes as well as to rapid fixation of alleles that allow reproduction under more acidic conditions.
  • Acuerdo 029/So/24-02-2021

    Acuerdo 029/So/24-02-2021

    INSTITUTO ELECTORAL Y DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA DEL ESTADO DE GUERRERO ACUERDO 029/SO/24-02-2021 POR EL QUE SE DETERMINA EL NÚMERO DE SINDICATURAS Y REGIDURÍAS QUE HABRÁN DE INTEGRAR LOS AYUNTAMIENTOS DE LOS MUNICIPIOS DEL ESTADO DE GUERRERO, PARA EL PERIODO CONSTITUCIONAL COMPRENDIDO DEL 30 DE SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2021 AL 29 DE SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2024, TOMANDO COMO BASE LOS DATOS DEL CENSO DE POBLACIÓN Y VIVIENDA 2020 DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA Y GEOGRAFÍA. ANTECEDENTES 1. El 14 de agosto de 2020, en la Cuarta Sesión Extraordinaria, el Consejo General del IEPC Guerrero, aprobó el Acuerdo 031/SE/14-08-2020, relativo al calendario del Proceso Electoral Ordinario de Gubernatura del Estado, Diputaciones Locales y Ayuntamientos 2020-2021. 2. El 31 de agosto de 2020, en la Octava Sesión Ordinaria el Consejo General del IEPC Guerrero, aprobó los Lineamientos para garantizar la integración paritaria del Congreso del Estado y Ayuntamientos, en el Proceso Electoral Ordinario de Gubernatura del Estado, Diputaciones locales y Ayuntamientos 2020-2021. 3. El 9 de septiembre de 2020, se declaró formalmente el inicio del Proceso Electoral Ordinario de Gubernatura del Estado, Diputaciones Locales y Ayuntamientos 2020-2021. 4. Mediante oficio número 739/2020 de fecha 17 de septiembre de 2020, el C. Pedro Pablo Martínez Ortiz, en su carácter de Secretario Ejecutivo del IEPC Guerrero, solicitó al Presidente del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (en adelante INEGI), lo siguiente: “…solicito su amable apoyo y colaboración para que informe a esta autoridad electoral, la fecha en que se tendrán los resultados definitivos del número de población que habita en cada uno de los municipios del estado de Guerrero, conforme al Censo referido.
  • La Situación De La Violencia Relacionada Con Las Drogas En México Del 2006 Al 2017 : ¿Es Un Conflicto Armado No Internacional

    La Situación De La Violencia Relacionada Con Las Drogas En México Del 2006 Al 2017 : ¿Es Un Conflicto Armado No Internacional

    La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017 : Titulo ¿es un conflicto armado no internacional? Arriaga Valenzuela, Luis - Prologuista; Guevara Bermúdez, José Antonio - Otra; Autor(es) Campo Esteta, Laura Martín del - Traductor/a; Universiteit Leiden, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies - Autor/a; Guadalajara Lugar ITESO Editorial/Editor Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos 2019 Fecha Colección Tráfico de drogas; Drogas; Violencia; Carteles; México; Temas Libro Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.org/Mexico/cip-iteso/20200713020717/03.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.org Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.org La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? COMISIÓN MEXIcaNA DE DEFENSA Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, A.C. CONSEJO DIRECTIVO COORDINacIÓN DE INCIDENCIA Ximena Andión Ibáñez Olga Guzmán Vergara Presidenta Coordinadora Alejandro Anaya Muñoz Jürgen Moritz Beatriz Solís Leere María Corina Muskus Toro Jacobo Dayán José Luis Caballero
  • Treatment of Conflict-Related Detainees in Afghan Custody One Year On” and Changing the Determined Deadline for Presentation of the Response on the Said Report

    Treatment of Conflict-Related Detainees in Afghan Custody One Year On” and Changing the Determined Deadline for Presentation of the Response on the Said Report

    Treatment of Conflict-Related Detainees in Afghan Custody One Year On United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights January 2013 Kabul, Afghanistan Contents Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................... i UNAMA’s Mandate ......................................................................................................................................ii Access and Methodology ..........................................................................................................................ii Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................... 1 Map 1: Detention Facilities Visited by UNAMA.............................................................................. 26 Map 2: Detention Facilities where Incidents Occurred .............................................................. 27 Map 3: Detainee Accounts of Treatment in ALP, ANA, ANP and NDS Locations ................ 28 Treatment of Detainees by the National Directorate of Security ........................................... 29 Map 4: Multiple Incidents in NDS Custody in Ten Provinces ................................................... 42 Map 5: Systematic and Sufficiently Credible and Reliable Incidents in NDS Custody ..... 45 Treatment of Detainees by the Afghan National Police and Afghan
  • Counterdrug Strategy - Illusive Victory: from Blast Furnace to Green Sweep

    Counterdrug Strategy - Illusive Victory: from Blast Furnace to Green Sweep

    WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Counterdrug Strategy - Illusive Victory: From Blast Furnace to Green Sweep by William W. Mendel Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article originally published in Military Review December 1992, pp. 74-87 In Northern California, Bisqueen Castles mark the beginning of spring--and the start of a new campaign season for marijuana eradication operations.1 A continent away in the Chapare region of Bolivia, the rainy season is ending allowing the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to rekindle the flames of its campaign to eradicate Andean coca plants and disrupt the drug flow to the U.S. The past five years or so have witnessed numerous large counterdrug operations such as those conducted under the aegis of U.S. embassies, DEA, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Indian Affairs, state governors' offices, and many more. Since Secretary Dick Cheney's staunch Department of Defense letter of September 1989, the military has been actively supporting drug law enforcement agencies at home and abroad.2 In the U.S. Southern Command area, a series of Operation Support Justice actions have provided continuing military support to U.S. ambassadors' counterdrug efforts and to the host nations' counterdrug infrastructures in order to attack drugs at the source. Forces Command, by way of its continental armies and Joint Task Force 6, has been supporting major marijuana eradication operations, while the state governors' National Guards have been especially active in countering drugs at the growing source.
  • Exploring the Relationship Between Militarization in the United States

    Exploring the Relationship Between Militarization in the United States

    Exploring the Relationship Between Militarization in the United States and Crime Syndicates in Mexico: A Look at the Legislative Impact on the Pace of Cartel Militarization by Tracy Lynn Maish A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Criminology and Criminal Justice) in the University of Michigan-Dearborn 2021 Master Thesis Committee: Assistant Professor Maya P. Barak, Chair Associate Professor Kevin E. Early Associate Professor Donald E. Shelton Tracy Maish [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8834-4323 © Tracy L. Maish 2021 Acknowledgments The author would like to acknowledge the assistance of their committee and the impact that their guidance had on the process. Without the valuable feedback and enormous patience, this project would not the where it is today. Thank you to Dr. Maya Barak, Dr. Kevin Early, and Dr. Donald Shelton. Your academic mentorship will not be forgotten. ii Table of Contents 1. Acknowledgments ii 2. List of Tables iv 3. List of Figures v 4. Abstract vi 5. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 6. Chapter 2 The Militarization of Law Enforcement Within the United States 8 7. Chapter 3 Cartel Militarization 54 8. Chapter 4 The Look into a Mindset 73 9. Chapter 5 Research Findings 93 10. Chapter 6 Conclusion 108 11. References 112 iii List of Tables Table 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 80 Table 2 .........................................................................................................................................
  • Justifying Militarisation; 'Counter-Narcotics'

    Justifying Militarisation; 'Counter-Narcotics'

    ISSN 2054-2046 Justifying Militarisation; ‘Counter-Narcotics’ and ‘Counter Narco-Terrorism’ Ross Eventon Policy Report 3 | March 2015 Justifying Militarisation; ‘Counter-Narcotics’ and ‘Counter Narco-Terrorism’ Ross Eventon* Policy Report 3 | March 2015 Key Points • Three inter-related developments within US foreign policy have emerged in recent years: the militarisation of Central America states under the auspices of confronting drug trafficking organisations and improving human security; the deployment of militarised DEA agents overseas; and the emergence of ‘counter narco-terrorism’ as a means of justifying such policies. • The DEA’s Foreign-Deployed Advisory Support Teams (FAST) carry out investigations and targeted interdiction operations overseas. They are an upgrade to a similar programme begun in the 1980s and later abandoned, and emerged in their recent form in Afghanistan in 2005 as a funding-focused counter-insurgency initiative. FAST have since been deployed in Central America where agents work alongside repressive security forces and have been implicated in a number of civilian deaths. • A surge of US aid to Central American security forces justified largely as ‘counter-narcotics’ funding continues a well-established trend: ‘counter-narcotics’ is often a synonym for militarisation. Through its parallel support for ‘iron fist’ policies, Washington has deepened the repressive capabilities of the local security forces. The concern with drug trafficking and human security is superficial. The overarching aim of US funding is the opening of the local economies to foreign investment, and the support of local political groups amenable to this agenda. • In justifying the increased aid to Central America, US officials present a simplistic interpretation of the local situation: drug trafficking and gangs are responsible for violence, and this means the ‘cartels’ must be ‘confronted’ militarily.
  • Deftones' New Release, 'Gore', Has Been Called a Departure from The

    Deftones' New Release, 'Gore', Has Been Called a Departure from The

    Deftones’ new release, ‘Gore’, has been called a departure from the group’s recent albums— somber and a little less optimistic. Stephen Carpenter and Chino Moreno discuss filling different guitar frequencies with different numbers of strings, tone modeling, and keeping the inspiration alive for more than two decades. by TZVI GLUCKIN March 10, 2016 edit by: deftfan (DeftonesZone) Grammy-winning rock group deftones is a guitar- centric, the knowledge i had read up on, was told about, and riff-driven band. Since their 1995 debut, adrenaline, the alt absorbed from others.” Deftones new album—two years in legends have been revered as extremely passionate masters the making—builds on carpenter’s experience, of sonic layering. And gore, their eighth studio release, is experimentation, and vast tonal awareness. Moreno adds a a guitar tour de force, featuring low-tuned 8-strings, swirly different perspective to the mix. “if it sounds good in a delays, sonic soundscapes, and bone-crushing chunk. little room with all of us in a circle then there’s a good Stephen carpenter is the band’s primary guitarist, while chance it should sound good on tape or recorded,” he says. lead singer chino moreno started adding additional guitars Gore, produced by the band in tandem with Matt Hyde, is with their third release, 2000’S white pony. Together, they a guitarist's feast and is replete with swagger, low-end create a dense, colorful, musical wall. “it’s like the rumble, and ambient textures. It also features Alice in bulldozer effect,” carpenter says. “you just get in where Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell on the song “Phantom you fit in.” Bride.” Carpenter is the consummate gearhead.
  • Than Neighbors New Developments in the Institutional Strengthening of Mexico’S Armed Forces in the Context of U.S.-Mexican Military Cooperation

    Than Neighbors New Developments in the Institutional Strengthening of Mexico’S Armed Forces in the Context of U.S.-Mexican Military Cooperation

    More than Neighbors New Developments in the Institutional Strengthening of Mexico’s Armed Forces in the Context of U.S.-Mexican Military Cooperation By Iñigo Guevara February 2018 More than Neighbors New Developments in the Institutional strengthening of Mexico’s armed forces in the context of US-Mexican Military Cooperation By Iñigo Guevara “With Mexico, very, very strong, quiet military-to-military relations” … … “This is a relationship that has been many decades in the making. Just go back - just for an example - go back to World War II. It doesn't start with us. It will not end with us.” -U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis1 Strategic Reasoning for Closer U.S. –Mexico Military Ties Despite the deep cultural and economic diversity of North America’s 486+ million inhabitants, the interconnectedness of the three countries means that they all face, to various degrees, the same threats, which range from serious to existential. Existential threats have long been narrowed to a nuclear war with Russia, to a much lesser degree China, and the now aspiring North Korea. The lack of an existential threat from the south has meant that Mexico was not a priority for the U.S. defense community. Mexico’s non-interventionist interior-looking foreign policy, the lack of an external threat, and an extremely complex politico-military relationship also meant that the defense relationship with the United States was cordial, but distant over several decades. Since the 1980’s, the Mexican Navy and Air Force did source their token conventional fighting capacity from the United States: a squadron of tactical jet fighters and a flotilla of second-hand destroyers and frigates; however, this was mainly out of convenience rather than a strategic decision to develop binational defense ties.
  • Justice-Reform

    Justice-Reform

    Mexico Institute SHARED RESPONSIBILITY: U.S.-MEXICO POLICY OPTIONS FOR CONFRONTING ORGANIZED CRIME Edited by Eric L. Olson, David A. Shirk, and Andrew Selee Mexico Institute Available from: Mexico Institute Trans-Border Institute Woodrow Wilson International University of San Diego Center for Scholars 5998 Alcalá Park, IPJ 255 One Woodrow Wilson Plaza San Diego, CA 92110-2492 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.sandiego.edu/tbi www.wilsoncenter.org/mexico ISBN : 1-933549-61-0 October 2010 The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan institution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television, and the monthly news-letter “Centerpoint.” For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org.
  • Policy Brief

    Policy Brief

    Policy Brief April 26, 2013 Freedom of Expression on the Agenda in Mexico By Mariclaire Acosta, Mexico project director and Viviana Giacaman, director of Latin America programs. Journalists Under Siege President Barack Obama’s planned trip to Mexico, the first to Latin America during his second term, demonstrates the importance the U.S. administration places on bilateral relations with its neighbor to the south. While the Obama administration has filled the agenda with security topics, such as the Mérida Initiative, it also intends to broaden the spectrum of dialogue to include much more positive and forward- looking topics including trade and energy relations. President Obama is right to propose a broad agenda of mutual interest. The security situation in Mexico, which the United States has attempted to address with approximately $2 billion in assistance, has brought about consequences that President Obama simply cannot ignore, such as the shocking number of victims—nearly 60,000 people—as a result of the war against drug cartels. Freedom of expression and the practice of journalism have been held hostage by the spiral of violence, which threatens to undermine the very foundations of Mexico’s democracy. Given the serious repercussions on democratic governance and stability, President Obama should give the protection of journalists a prominent place on the bilateral agenda. Attacks against journalists and media outlets in Mexico have increased since 2000 in proportion to the violence in the streets, turning the country into one of the most dangerous places in the world to practice journalism. While the statistics are not exact, given the difficulty of accessing information and the silence of the victims and relatives who distrust the authorities, official figures provided by the National Human Rights Commission [Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos] (CNDH), have documented 82 murders of journalists, 18 disappearances, and 33 attacks on media outlets in the last twelve years.
  • Af092e00.Pdf

    Af092e00.Pdf

    Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico - UNAM Wood Energy Programme – FAO Forestry Department FUELWOOD “HOT SPOTS” IN MEXICO: A CASE STUDY USING WISDOM – Woodfuel Integrated Supply-Demand Overview Mapping Omar R. Masera, Gabriela Guerrero, Adrián Ghilardi Centro de Investigationes en Ecosistemas CIECO - UNAM Alejandro Velázquez, Jean F. Mas Instituto de Geografía- UNAM María de Jesús Ordóñez CRIM- UNAM Rudi Drigo Wood Energy Planning and Policy Development - FAO-EC Partnership Programme and Miguel A. Trossero Wood Energy Programme, Forest Products and Economics Division - FAO FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome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ª '"0 Fuelwood “hot