DOCSLIB.ORG

Intertidal Narrative

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intertidal Narrative Warner Pacific College Boiler Bay Intertidal Trip - Dwight J. Kimberly This is a summary of things to look for on the field trip and a few suggestions to make the trip more enjoyable for you. Be careful where you step because the intertidal floor is the home of many animals. No animals will be collected without a permit. When close to the surf, watch the ocean at all times. Take your time climbing around the rocks. They are slick and a fall could break a bone or remove skin. Use the accompanying checklist to key the phyla that you have learned in the course The following discussion is based upon Ricketts and Calvin, Between the Pacific Tides. Three factors modify the intertidal marine fauna: 1) wave shock, 2) tidal exposure and 3) type of bottom. You will see an example of the protected rocky coast in which the shock of the waves is reduced by the influence of a long sloping shelf. Other possible modifications which produce the same result are offshore reefs, headlands, islands or large kelp beds. The bottom is typically rocky and affords a firm substrate for animal attachment to plants and animals. By turning over rocks you will uncover a myriad of animals, but at the same time expose them to the fatal effects of the sun. Therefore, replace the rocks as you found them to assure the survival of these animals. The zonation of the animal life as a result of the tides is apparent. Familiarize yourself with the zones and their characteristics. ZONE 1. Spray zone (highest high tide to mean high water) This area is wetted primarily by the ocean spray. One of the most common indicator species is the periwinkle, Littorina planaxis. These animals are nearly adapted to a terrestrial existence and if placed in sea water for long periods, may drown. The limpet, Acmaea digitalis is also common to this zone. The pillbug, Ligida, the sand flea or beach hopper, Orchestia, and the barnacle, Balanus, are still other common inhabitants of this area. ZONE 2. High tide zone (Mean lower high water) The indicator species here are another species of periwinkle, Littorina scutulata, and the turban shell, Tegula funebralis. Another limpet, Acmaea, the hermit crab, Pagurus, and the purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus, are commonly found in this area. ZONE 3. Mid tide (Mean low water to mean high water) Three species which often occur together in this zone are the sea mussel, Mytilus californianus, the seastar, Pisaster, and the goose-neck barnacle, Mitella. Mytilus establishes large mussel beds which serve as homes for large numbers of animals such as the crab, Petrolisthes, the clam worm, Nereis, and the sipunculid and nemertean worms to name a few. These animals depend on the shelter of the beds. The chitons such as Katharina and the snail Thais emarginata may be observed on rocks and in crevices. In the tide pool one can observe many kinds of animals such as the hermit crab, Pagurus, the green sea anemone, Anthopleura zanthogrammica, tube worms such as the sabellids, purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the key hole limpet, Diadora, the turban shell Tegula, and the isopod, Idothea. Fish, mostly blennies, are fairly common. ZONE 4. Low tide (Lowest low to mean lower water) Careful investigation of rock ledges and over-hangs may disclose the presence of colonial hydroids. Most of these do not produce swimming medusae as does Obelia since they would be destroyed by the surf. Encrusting sponges (red and yellow blobs on rocks) are present but often over-looked by the casual observer. In addition, nudibranchs, crabs (Pugettia and Cancer antennarius), brittle stars (under rocks) erpulid worms, snails, anemones, purple sea urchins and the gum boot chiton, Cryptochiton (with symbiont, Arctonoe), in grass and rocks. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GASTROPOD CARE SOP# = Moll3 PURPOSE: to Describe Methods Of
    GASTROPOD CARE SOP# = Moll3 PURPOSE: To describe methods of care for gastropods. POLICY: To provide optimum care for all animals. RESPONSIBILITY: Collector and user of the animals. If these are not the same person, the user takes over responsibility of the animals as soon as the animals have arrived on station. IDENTIFICATION: Common Name Scientific Name Identifying Characteristics Blue topsnail Calliostoma - Whorls are sculptured spirally with alternating ligatum light ridges and pinkish-brown furrows - Height reaches a little more than 2cm and is a bit greater than the width -There is no opening in the base of the shell near its center (umbilicus) Purple-ringed Calliostoma - Alternating whorls of orange and fluorescent topsnail annulatum purple make for spectacular colouration - The apex is sharply pointed - The foot is bright orange - They are often found amongst hydroids which are one of their food sources - These snails are up to 4cm across Leafy Ceratostoma - Spiral ridges on shell hornmouth foliatum - Three lengthwise frills - Frills vary, but are generally discontinuous and look unfinished - They reach a length of about 8cm Rough keyhole Diodora aspera - Likely to be found in the intertidal region limpet - Have a single apical aperture to allow water to exit - Reach a length of about 5 cm Limpet Lottia sp - This genus covers quite a few species of limpets, at least 4 of them are commonly found near BMSC - Different Lottia species vary greatly in appearance - See Eugene N. Kozloff’s book, “Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast” for in depth descriptions of individual species Limpet Tectura sp. - This genus covers quite a few species of limpets, at least 6 of them are commonly found near BMSC - Different Tectura species vary greatly in appearance - See Eugene N.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology of Seashores - Image Bank Guide All Images and Text ©2006 Biomedia ASSOCIATES
    The Biology of Seashores - Image Bank Guide All Images And Text ©2006 BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Shore Types Low tide, sandy beach, clam diggers. Knowing the Low tide, rocky shore, sandstone shelves ,The time and extent of low tides is important for people amount of beach exposed at low tide depends both on who collect intertidal organisms for food. the level the tide will reach, and on the gradient of the beach. Low tide, Salt Point, CA, mixed sandstone and hard Low tide, granite boulders, The geology of intertidal rock boulders. A rocky beach at low tide. Rocks in the areas varies widely. Here, vertical faces of exposure background are about 15 ft. (4 meters) high. are mixed with gentle slopes, providing much variation in rocky intertidal habitat. Split frame, showing low tide and high tide from same view, Salt Point, California. Identical views Low tide, muddy bay, Bodega Bay, California. of a rocky intertidal area at a moderate low tide (left) Bays protected from winds, currents, and waves tend and moderate high tide (right). Tidal variation between to be shallow and muddy as sediments from rivers these two times was about 9 feet (2.7 m). accumulate in the basin. The receding tide leaves mudflats. High tide, Salt Point, mixed sandstone and hard rock boulders. Same beach as previous two slides, Low tide, muddy bay. In some bays, low tides expose note the absence of exposed algae on the rocks. vast areas of mudflats. The sea may recede several kilometers from the shoreline of high tide Tides Low tide, sandy beach.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Consequences of Food Chain Length in Kelp Forest Communities (Biogeography/Coevolution/Herbivory/Phlorotannins/Predation) PETER D
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 92, pp. 8145-8148, August 1995 Ecology Evolutionary consequences of food chain length in kelp forest communities (biogeography/coevolution/herbivory/phlorotannins/predation) PETER D. STEINBERG*, JAMES A. ESTEStt, AND FRANK C. WINTER§ *School of Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, New South Wales, 2033, Australia; tNational Biological Service, A-316 Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064; and §University of Auckland, Leigh Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand Communicated by Robert T. Paine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, May 12, 1995 ABSTRACT Kelp forests are strongly influenced by mac- consistently important structuring processes throughout the roinvertebrate grazing on fleshy macroalgae. In the North food web. Under these conditions, we would predict that Pacific Ocean, sea otter predation on macroinvertebrates top-level consumers are resource limited. Consequently, the substantially reduces the intensity of herbivory on macroal- next lower trophic level should be consumer limited, in turn gae. Temperate Australasia, in contrast, has no known pred- causing the level below that (if one exists) to again be resource ator of comparable influence. These ecological and biogeo- limited. Looking downward through the food web from this graphic patterns led us to predict that (i) the intensity of very generalized perspective, a pattern emerges of strongly herbivory should be greater in temperate Australasia than in interacting couplets of adjacent trophic levels. Given these the North Pacific Ocean; thus (ii) Australasian seaweeds have circumstances, the interactive coupling between plants and been under stronger selection to evolve chemical defenses and herbivores should be strong in even-numbered systems and (iii) Australasian herbivores have been more strongly selected weak in odd-numbered systems, a prediction recently substan- to tolerate these compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Tezula Funebralis Shell Height Variance in the Intertidal Zones
    Laci Uyesono Structural Comparison Adaptations of Marine Animals Tezula funebralis Shell height variance in the Intertidal zones Introduction The Pacific Coast of the United States is home to a great diversity of biota that populates both extremes, from the constantly battered rocks to the calm ocean floor. As a result of this diversity or because of this diversity there are distinct zones created by the physical, chemical, and biological constraints of the organisms. Tegula funebralis (T funebralis) commonly called the Black Turban shell is found in the low to high intertidal zones of rocky shores on or under rocks grazing on macroalgae. T funebralis can be purple to black in color with four whirls on top (usually worn down to a light color at the top), average 3cm in diameter, and can live up to 100 years (Sept 1999). T funebralis' density tends to be greater in the mid to high intertidal zone due to predation by octopus, Pisaster ochraceous, and crabs (Fawcett 1984). They also show a pattern of distribution where juveniles (those not of reproductive size —14mm) stay in the mid intertidal zone because it is midway between the physical stress of desiccation and the biological stress of predation (Fawcett 1984). Generally larger snails are able to withstand desiccation more then smaller snails, but larger Tegula have a greater advantage living lower in the intertidal even at the risk of predation. They are kept at moderate levels in this zone because Pisaster feeds on them and reduces their density, which then increases the food abundance for those who remain (Doering and Phillips 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Ecological Distribution of the Genus Tegula at Bodega Bay, California
    University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1950 Studies on the ecological distribution of the genus Tegula at Bodega Bay, California Allen Emmert Breed University of the Pacific Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Breed, Allen Emmert. (1950). Studies on the ecological distribution of the genus Tegula at Bodega Bay, California. University of the Pacific, Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/1115 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. &rUD! ES ON THE l!VOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE I' GENUS TEGULA AT BODEGA BAY , CALIFORNIA A Thesis Presented to t he Faculty of the Department of Zoology College of the Pacific I I I n Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Mas·ter of Arts by Al len Emmert Breed •II June 1950 l ) TABLE OF CO!'-."'TENrS PAGE I. IN'l'HODUC'l'ION ............................. ., • 1 The Pro bl ern ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 I mportanc e of the Study ••••••••••••••• 1 Stat ement of t he Problem •••••••••••••• 2 Acknowledgment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 Description of t he Local Species •••••••• 3 II. AREA OF OBSroiVATION ••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 General Location •••••••••• • ••••••••••••• 9 Geological History •••••••••••.••••••••••• 9 III. Mh~HODS AND EQUIPMENT ................ ... 12 Field Equipment .......................... l B Prepar ation of the Radulae •••••••••••••• 13 IV • EJOLOG-IG.AL OBSERVAT-IONS • ......- •••••• •• •• ;-;-••••- - 17 Perch·Rock Area •••••••••••• ••• •••••••••• 17 Second Sled Ro ad Areo •••••••• • •••••••••• 20 East Side of Toma l es Point •••••••••••••• 25 West Side of Tomol es Point •••••••••••••• 29 v.
    [Show full text]
  • See Life Trunk
    See Life Trunk CABRILLO NATIONAL MONUMENT Objective The See Life Trunk is designed to help students experience the vast biodiversity of earth’s marine ecosystems from the comfort of their classroom. The activities, books, and DVDs in this trunk specifically target third and fourth grade students based on Next Generation Science Standards. The trunk will bring to life the meaning of biodiversity in the ocean, its role in the maintenance and function of healthy marine ecosystems, and what students can do to help protect this environment for generations to come. What’s Inside Books: In One Tidepool: Crabs, Snails and Salty Tails SEASHORE (One Small Square series) CORAL REEFS (One Small Square series) The Secrets of Kelp Forests The Secrets of the Tide Pools Shells of San Diego DVDs: Eyewitness Life Eyewitness Seashore Eyewitness Ocean Bill Nye the Science Guy: Ocean Life On the Edge of Land and Sea Activities, Resources & Worksheets: Marine Bio-Bingo Guess Who: Intertidal Patterns in Nature See Life & Habitats o Classroom set of Michael Ready photographs o 3D-printed biomodels Science Sampler Intro to Nature Journaling o Creature Features o Baseball Cards Who Am I? Beyond the Classroom Activities Intertidal Exploration 3D Cabrillo Bioblitz Beach clean-up How to Use this Trunk The See Life Trunk is designed to be used in a variety of ways. Most of the activities in the trunk can be adapted for any number of people for any amount of time, but some activities are better suited for entire-class participation (i.e. watching DVDs, Nature Journaling) while others are better suited for small groups (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Range Expansion of a Non-Native, Invasive Macroalga Sargassum Horneri (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820 in the Eastern Pacific
    BioInvasions Records (2015) Volume 4, Issue 4: 243–248 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2015.4.4.02 © 2015 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2015 REABIC Rapid Communication Range expansion of a non-native, invasive macroalga Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820 in the eastern Pacific 1,2 2 2 1,2 2,3 Lindsay M. Marks *, Paulina Salinas-Ruiz , Daniel C. Reed , Sally J. Holbrook , Carolynn S. Culver , 2 4 2 5 6 John M. Engle , David J. Kushner , Jennifer E. Caselle , Jan Freiwald , Jonathan P. Williams , Jayson R. 7 8 9 Smith , Luis E. Aguilar-Rosas and Nikolas J. Kaplanis 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6150, USA 2Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6150, USA 3California Sea Grant, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0232, USA 4Channel Islands National Park, 1901 Spinnaker Drive, Ventura, California 93001, USA 5Reef Check Foundation, 13723 Fiji Way, B-2, Marina del Rey, California 90292, USA 6Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, USA 7Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768, USA 8Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carr. Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana, 3917. Frac. Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México. C.P. 22860 9Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 11 July 2015 / Accepted: 18 August 2015 / Published online: 19 October 2015 Handling editor: Charles Martin Abstract Sargassum horneri (Turner) C.
    [Show full text]
  • Epipodium Morphology of Prisogaster Niger (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda): Revealing Potential Autapomorphies of Diagnostic Value for the Prisogasterinae
    Int. J. Morphol., 30(2):541-545, 2012. Epipodium Morphology of Prisogaster niger (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda): Revealing Potential Autapomorphies of Diagnostic Value for the Prisogasterinae Morfología del Epipodio de Prisogaster niger (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda): Revelando Autapomorfías Potenciales de Valor Diagnóstico para Prisogasterinae *Gonzalo A. Collado; *Marco A. Méndez & **Donald I. Brown COLLADO, G. A.; MÉNDEZ, M. A. & BROWN, D. I. Epipodium morphology of Prisogaster niger (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda): revealing potential autapomorphies of diagnostic value for the Prisogasterinae. Int. J. Morphol., 30(2):541-545, 2012. SUMMARY: In this work the epipodium morphology of the marine snail Prisogaster niger is described. In this gastropods the epipodium includes a complex of structures among which the neck lobes, epipodial ridge, epipodial tentacles and epipodial papillae constitute the most remarkable characters. Although these features are commonly found among trochoidean taxa, the observation of the epipodium, compared with the literature, revealed potential autapomorphic characters of diagnostic value for the genus and the subfamily Prisogasterinae, like epipodial lamellae and epipodial tuft. KEY WORDS: Gastropoda; Turbinidae; Epipodial organs; Morphological characters. INTRODUCTION Prisogaster niger (Wood, 1828) is a common marine data have contributed to resolve the systematic position of snail found along the southwest coast of South America from Prisogaster-Prisogasterinae with de redefinition of the Paita, Perú, to the Straits of Magellan, Chile (Marincovich, family Turbinidae (Williams & Ozawa, 2006; Williams et 1973; Osorio et al., 1979; Ramírez, 1981; Alamo al., 2008). &Valdivieso, 1987). The species has ecological importance in rocky shore communities considering its role as a grazer The epipodium, a complex of sensory structures of algal communities (Vásquez & Vega, 2004) and being located on the dorsal portion of the foot under the shell prey for higher vertebrates (Sabat et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • An Optimal Foraging Analysis of Prehistoric Shellfish Collecting on San Clemente Island, California
    }. Ethnobiol.12(1):63-8O Summer 1992 AN OPTIMAL FORAGING ANALYSIS OF PREHISTORIC SHELLFISH COLLECTING ON SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND, CALIFORNIA L. MARK RAAB Department of Anthropology California State University Northridge, CA 91330 ABSTRACT.-The subsistence yield of black abalones (Haliotis cracherodii) and black turban snails <Tegula funebralis} was estimated within prehistoric aboriginal shell middens dated 250-2830 B.P. on San Clemente Island, California. Abalones were the key element of the aboriginal shellfish economy, but consumption of the smaller turban snails increased with depletion of abalones in a paltern that conforms to an optimal foraging model of predation. RESUMEN.-EI rendimiento de abalon negro (Haliotis cracherodii) y caracol de turbante negro (Tegula funebm/is) para la subsistencia de las poblaciones ind(genas fue estimado en concheros prehist6ricos (250 a 2830 anos antes del presente, datados can carbona radioactivo) en la Isla de San Clemente, California. Los abalones fueron cl clemento dave en la economra aborigen de mariscos, pero el consumo de los caracoles de turbante, mas pequeiios, aumento con el agotamiento de [os abalones en un patron que concuerda con un modelo de depredaci6n como forrajeo 6ptimo. RESUME.-Des traces de presence d'haliotides noires (Haliotis cmcherodii) et d'escargots noirs aturban (regula funromlis) ont ete deCouvertes au sein de vestiges residuels prehistoriques de coquillages aborigenes (250 a 2830 annees radio­ carbones avant Ie temps present) sur I'tle de San Clemente, en California. Les haliotides constituaient I'element principal de I'economie de coquillages aborigenes, mais la consommation des escargots aturban, bien phis petits, s'est acrue au fur et amesure de la disparition des haliotides selon une progression conforme aun modeJe optimal de ravages causes par des predaleurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Monitoring Protocol
    Unified Monitoring Protocols for the Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network (November 2008) John M. Engle Unified Monitoring Protocols for the Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network (November 2008) John M. Engle Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Prepared under MMS Cooperative Agreement No. 14-35-0001-30761 Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service Pacific OCS Region Camarillo, California J. Engle MARINE Protocol Handbook 0811.doc 11/05/08 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FORMS ........................................................................................................................... 5 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network Monitoring Program Background ...................... 6 1.2 Handbook Purpose............................................................................................................... 7 2. TARGET SPECIES ASSEMBLAGE MONITORING SURVEYS.......................................... 8 2.1 Monitoring Sites .................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Sampling Design: Target Species Assemblage/Fixed Plot Methodology ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Crystal Cove, Orange County, California April 29, 2001 Species List
    PISCO Coastal Biodiversity Survey University of California Santa Cruz http://cbsurveys.ucsc.edu Please note: The information listed below is provided for your convenience. We ask that you please contact the SWAT Team ([email protected]) prior to using this information for any purpose. We make this request to: 1. Reduce redundancy; we may be currently working on projects that involve this information. 2. We would like to be informed of and involved in projects developed using this information. We have been careful to voucher any organisms that were difficult to identify in the field so that more detailed evaluation could be done in the lab. We are therefore confident that the identification of organisms listed below is reliable with the caveat that some sponges and tunicates are very difficult to identify to species without detailed histological evaluation, which we have not done. The number of cases where this could have been a problem is very small. For more information please visit our website above or link directly to our protocols at: http://cbsurveys.ucsc.edu/sampling/images/dataprotocols.pdf Crystal Cove, Orange County, California April 29, 2001 Species list: Acanthinucella spp Haliptylon gracile Amphiroa beauvoisii Hildenbrandia/Peyssonnelia spp Anthopleura elegantissima Hypnea johnstonii Anthopleura sola Jania crassa Aplidium californica/solidum Laurencia pacifica/masonii Balanus glandula Lepidochitona dentiens Blue green algae Lepidochitona hartwegii Brachidontes/Septifer spp Lithothrix aspergillum Calliarthron spp Littorina
    [Show full text]