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Turner Syndrome Dermatoglyphics: a Principal Components Analysis

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Turner Syndrome Dermatoglyphics: a Principal Components Analysis University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-1985 Turner Syndrome Dermatoglyphics: A Principal Components Analysis Maxine J. Miller University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Maxine J., "Turner Syndrome Dermatoglyphics: A Principal Components Analysis. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1985. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4195 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Maxine J. Miller entitled "Turner Syndrome Dermatoglyphics: A Principal Components Analysis." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Richard L. Jantz, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: William M. Bass, P.S. Willey Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Maxine J. Miller entitled "Turner Syndrome Dermatoglyphics: A Principal Components Analysis." I have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Rich Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: �'111.� � j;\}.._{� Accepted for the Council: Vice Provost and Dean of The Graduate School TURNER SYNDROME DERMATOGLYPHICS: A PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Maxine J. Miller December 1985. DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my very best friend in the world, Begee Erb. I have known Begee for several years and she has remained my true friend during many difficult transitions in my life. Her faith in me has never wavered and her encouragement kept me going many times when the temptation was to quit. Such a person comes along once in a lifetime and I consider myself lucky to call her friend. Thank you, Begee, for everything. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many acknowledgments to make to all the people who helped in many ways to make the preparation of this thesis pos­ sible. First of all I want to thank Dr. Richard L. Jantz for making the data available and the Humboldt Foundation for funding Dr. Jantz's original work. Also, thanks should be given to the University of Tennessee Computer Center for the use of their computer facilities, which were essential for the statistical procedures necessary for this research. I want to offer my thanks to my graduate committee, Dr. Richard L. Jantz, who is also my graduate committee chairman, Dr. William M. Bass, and Dr. P. Willey, who all were extremely patient and encourag­ ing through all steps of the preparation of this manuscript. Also, my many personal friends were essentially important to me by offering a sympathetic ear when I felt discour�ged or a critical ear when I proposed new ideas concerning data interpretation. I especially want to thank Pat Lane, Lorna Pierce, Henry Case, Peer Moore-Jansen, Steve Ruple, Steve Paquette, Joe Herbert, and Dr. Michael Logan for being my friends.over the years. An important place is reserved in these acknowledgments for a very special person in my life, a person whose presence and faith in my ability gave me the inner strength to complete this manuscript. Thank you, Richard Wikander, for coming into my life and for loving me., iii ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the general hypothesis that develop­ mental stress resulting from monosomy of the X chromosome will result in changes in the dermal ridge system of the fingers and palms. The specific hypotheses proposed are that when contrasting Turner syndrome females to controls of both sexes the results will be that Turners will exhibit increased total variance in ridge counts, in­ creased directional asymmetry, changes in growth gradients, and deviations in lateralization. Using principal components analysis for the fingers and palms, Turners were found to exhibit increased total variance, an increased directional asyrrmetry on the fingers and a deviation from the normal pattern in lateralization. Differences in growth gradients were not discernible. It appears that the radial and ulnar sides of the fingers are under the control of different maturational gradients. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION. 1 II. LITERATURE SURVEY . 4 III. METHODS AND MATERIALS 15 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... 19 V. CONCLUSIONS 87 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 90 APPENDIX. 96 VITA. ' . 111 V LI ST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Finger Ridge-Count Means of Turner Syndrome Females (n=109). 20 2. Finger Ridge-Count Means of Klinefelter Syndrome Males (n=16) . 21 3. Finger Ridge-Count Means of Female Controls (n=151). 22 4. Finger Ridge-Count Means of Male Controls (n=154). 23 5. Palmar Ridge-Count Means of Turner Syndrome Females (n= I09). 24 6. Palmar Ridge-Count Means of Klinefelter Syndrome Males (n=16) . .. 24 7. Palmar Ridge-Count Means of Female Controls (n=147). 25 8. Palmar Ridge-Count Means of Male Controls (n=147). 25 9. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females. 26 10. Eigenvectors of the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females. 27 11. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Klinefelter Syndrome Males 28 12. Eigenvectors of the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Klinefelter Syndrome Males . 29 13. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for the Female Controls. 30 14. Eigenvectors of the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for the Female Controls. 31 15. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for the Male Controls. 32 vi vii TABLE PAGE 16. Eigenvectors of the Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for the Male Controls. 33 17. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Largest Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females. 34 18. Eigenvectors of the Largest Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females . 35 19. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Largest Finger Counts for the Female Controls........... 36 20. Eigenvectors of the Largest Finger Counts for the Female Controls . 37 21. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Largest Finger Counts for the Male Controls. 38 22. Eigenvectors of the Largest Finger Counts for the Male Controls ...... : . 39 23. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Absolute Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females. 40 24. Eigenvectors of the Absolute Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females . 41 25. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Absolute Finger Counts for Female Controls. ... 42 26. Eigenvectors of the Absolute Finger Counts for the Female Controls ................. 43 27. Eigenvalues and Proportions of Variance for the Absolute Finger Counts for Male Controls. ... 44 28. Eigenvectors of the Absolute Finger Counts for the Male Controls . 45 29. Eigenvalues, Proportions of Variance, and Eigenvectors of the Palm Counts for the Turner Syndrome Females. 60 30. Eigenvalues, Proportions of Variance, and Eigenvectors of the Palm Counts for the Klinefelter Syndrome Males . 61 31. Eigenvalues, Proportions of Variance, and Eigen�ectors of the Palm Counts for the Female Controls. 62 viii TABLE PAGE 32. Eigenvalues, Proportion of Variance, and Eigenvectors of the Palm Counts for the Male Controls ........... 63 33. Finger Asymmetry for Turner Syndrome Females . 68 34. Finger Asymmetry for Klinefelter Syndrome Males. 70 35. Finger Asymmetry for Female Controls . 71 36. Finger Asymmetry for Male Controls .. 72 37. Correlation Matrix of Finger Asymmetry Values for Turner Syndrome Females ..................... 75 38. Correlation Matrix of Finger Asymmetry Values for Klinefelter Syndrome Males ........... 76 39. Correlation Matrix of Finger Asymmetry Values for Female Controls... .............. 78 40. Correlation Matrix of Finger Asymmetry Values for Male Controls. 79 41. Palmar Asymmetry Among Turner syndrome Females (n=109) 81 42. Palmar Asymmetry Among Klinefelter Syndrome Males (n=16) 82 43. Palmar Asymmetry Among Female Controls (n=147) . 83 44. Palmar Asymmetry Among Male Controls (n=147) . 84 45. Correlation Matrix of Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females. 97 46. Correlation Matrix of Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Klinefelter Syndrome Males . 98 47. Correlation Matrix of Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Female Controls. 99 48. Correlation Matrix of Radial and Ulnar Finger Counts for Male Controls. 100 49. Correlation Matrix of the Largest Finger Counts for Turner Syndrome Females ..................... 101 ix TABLE PAGE 50. Correlation Matrix of the Largest Finger Counts for the Female Controls ......................102 51. Correlation Matrix of the Largest Finger Counts for the Male Controls. 103 52. Correlation
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