And Post-Apartheid

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

And Post-Apartheid Prospects13.qxd 2005/07/13 01:22 PM Page 77 CHAPTER TWO Regional security structures: Pre- and post-apartheid The development of Southern Africa’s regional security arrangements as well as that of the social-political and economic context predates decolonisation. Jakkie Cilliers examines these efforts from the 1950s, during which period the emphasis was on co-operation in “decolonisation and ending minority regimes in the former Rhodesia, South West Africa and South Africa”.1 It will be shown that the political difficulties that were experienced by the sub-regional security apparatus were characterised by the aggressive foreign policy projections of apartheid South Africa, the settler colonies of Angola, Mozambique and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and reactive policies by other African-ruled states in the region. In this regard, the chapter describes and analyses policies and structures that are designed to create inter-state security arrangements. In the investigation of collaborative efforts in security for the region, the chapter looks at the African Charter associated with South Africa’s Prime Minister DF Malan of the National Party, which contrasted with General Jan Smuts’s ‘British-centric Commonwealth’. Smuts visualised a collaborative arrangement that acknowledged independent states, racial segregation, and the supremacy of the ‘white’ race,2 the Simonstown Agreement and the African Defence Organisation—all closely associated with South Africa. Other South African-led initiatives include Prime Minister Vorster’s détente, Prime Minister PW Botha’s Constellation of Southern African States (CONSAS), and the Total Strategy. Another initiative that requires examination is the British-sponsored Central African Federation (CAF) of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Other structures associated with the newly independent states of the period include the East and Central African States (ECAS), the Mulungushi Club, and the FLS alliance. All these structures have been efforts at collaborative security arrangements. All faced challenges, which affected the attainment of the envisaged objectives. 77 Prospects13.qxd 2005/07/13 01:22 PM Page 78 78 Prospects for a Security Community in Southern Africa This coverage shows that there are two sets of structures, which are evidently racial in composition, namely ‘white’ and ‘black’. The ‘African Charter’, Simonstown Agreement, African Defence Organisation, CONSAS, Total Strategy and the Central African Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland may be closely associated with the ‘white’ racial categorisation, while the East and Central African group of states, the Mulungushi Club and the FLS are linked to the ‘black’ racial grouping. This fits well with Willie Breytenbach’s model of collective security in the region, in which he adopted Cantori and Spiegel’s concepts of “black and white blocs” in reference to the two power blocs that emerged in the Southern African region.3 Breytenbach explains that, prior to 1974, the ‘white’ bloc comprising South Africa, Portugal4 and Rhodesia, behaved as an alliance at both regional and international levels.5 Breytenbach identified the ‘black’ bloc as the FLS and the liberation movements in the Figure 2: ‘White’ and ‘Black’ bloc up to 1975 Prospects13.qxd 2005/07/13 01:22 PM Page 79 Naison Ngoma 79 Southern African region. He further stipulated that the development of the ‘white’ and ‘black’ blocs was largely due to colonialism and apartheid, consequently signifying the critical role of both South Africa and the Western states. Figures 2 to 5 show the ‘white’ and ‘black’ blocs. This section describes and analyses the events in the region from this dichotomous dimension (i.e. white and black) of security alliances, which prior to the end of apartheid were designed to mitigate the insecurity through establishing some form of structures. This section evaluates these efforts. THE ‘WHITE’ BLOC The ‘white’ bloc thesis is premised on a common understanding arising from a perception of threat against the gains achieved by the settler Figure 3: ‘White’ and ‘Black’ bloc up to 1980 Prospects13.qxd 2005/07/13 01:22 PM Page 80 80 Prospects for a Security Community in Southern Africa communities in the region, and therefore the need for a security arrangements that ensured the preservation of their ‘civilisation’.6 Such a security arrangement clearly needed a concept that would be accepted by all the members of the bloc. The common understanding in the ‘white’ bloc took the form of policies and activities, which entailed a search for a common security structure that would bring about sustainable security through pooling efforts by South Africa, Northern and Southern Rhodesia as well as Nyasaland and the Portuguese- controlled Mozambique and Angola, and the South Africa–controlled South West Africa. Although the ‘white’ bloc would appear to indicate a preoccupation with the ‘white’ race, this did not imply non-association of other races, as can be seen from such initiatives as Botha’s CONSAS. The inter-racial engagement was at both sub-regional and regional levels. Prime Minister Malan’s argument may be seen in this light. Figure 4: ‘White’ and ‘Black’ bloc up to 1990 Prospects13.qxd 2005/07/13 01:22 PM Page 81 Naison Ngoma 81 Nolutshungu writes that in 1949 Malan argued that, while Africa required economic development, it also required “protection and guidance”.7 Other political leaders in the ‘white’ bloc supported his views, as these conformed to the mission to ‘save’ the ‘white’ community from the hostile intent of the ‘black’ bloc and its supporters. Several issues associated with the ‘white’ bloc in general and South Africa in particular, and which showed efforts to form inter-state structures that pointed towards the enhancement of some common good (however skewed), include a number of initiatives stretching from the 1930s to the late 1970s. However, only some of the later ones, particularly those that had a significant impact on developments in the sub-region, will be discussed in detail.8 The drive towards a form of regional security arrangement may be traced to the time of Jan Smuts when, as prime minister of South Africa, Figure 5: ‘White’ and ‘Black’ bloc after 1990 Prospects13.qxd 2005/07/13 01:22 PM Page 82 82 Prospects for a Security Community in Southern Africa he championed the British Commonwealth idea and was not opposed to the idea of a larger South Africa which would have included such territories as Southern Rhodesia and South West Africa (present-day Namibia), with a view to protecting the interests of South Africa and the white people in particular: ‘whites’ in big business, “empire loyalists”, and liberals who were keen to prevent the isolation of South Africa. This conformed to Lord Passfield’s doctrine: “where white and black interests conflict, white interests must be paramount”.9 Nolutshungu argues that it is upon this policy that Malan’s ‘African Charter’ was premised. The concept of an African Charter was later used in reference to what James Mayall defined as the “endorsement of the territorial status quo, and its explicit denunciation of subversion and political assassination and intervention in the domestic affairs of other states”.10 This ‘true’ African Charter was signed in May 1963. Closely associated with the ‘African Charter’ are the Simonstown Agreement, Defence of Africa and the African Defence Organisation. It is therefore these policies that provide the groundwork for the ‘white’ bloc’s drive towards an inter-state security structure, which could appropriately be discussed in the framework of Malan’s ‘African Charter’. THE ‘AFRICAN CHARTER’ Malan’s ‘African Charter’ refers to what he termed “African Powers” as the two primary actors, namely colonial powers and those powers with possessions on the continent. A significant component of the policy is its proclamation for the preservation of Western European Christian civilisation and the ‘safeguarding’ of the continent for European civilisation, as well as its defence against communism from Simonstown to Suez.11 This led to what is referred to as the Simonstown agreement, in which Britain gave its naval base of Simonstown on the Indian Ocean coastline (in eastern Cape Town) to South Africa but its usage to the African Powers, who, particularly the UK, were to continue in exchange with the defence of the Southern African region. This accord facilitated South Africa’s acquisition of such military hardware as “frigates, helicopters and long-range aircraft designed to improve the country’s capacity to patrol the seas around the Cape”.12 Britain terminated the Simonstown agreement in 1975. It is evident that the policy for the defence of Africa was to South African politicians an “extension of the defence of South Africa”.13 Prospects13.qxd 2005/07/13 01:22 PM Page 83 Naison Ngoma 83 Nolutshungu further makes the point that South Africa yearned to both check African armies and become conversant with military progress on the continent. Related to this is what Pettman describes as South Africa’s policy in the 1960s to find its “natural sphere of influence” in the application of a ‘Monroe Doctrine’ for Southern and Central Africa, directed at the continent and at the West. In respect of the continent, the policy was to destabilise the OAU and in that way reduce the likelihood of African countries directing their efforts towards South Africa. In respect of the West, the aim was to show Britain and the US that intervention in the region would be dangerous. The Monroe Doctrine, premised on the 1823 doctrine that proclaimed that the US would not approve any intervention in the American continents by a foreign power, implies that there ought not to be any intervention by an external actor. Portugal’s former Minister Nogueira stressed this point when he called for talks with African states “within a purely African framework and excluding powers alien to the continent”.14 The prime aim was clearly that of serving South Africa’s interest by refocusing the independent African states by destabilising them while at the same time making it clear to the Western states that they could not attempt to intervene on the African continent.
Recommended publications
  • Zambezi Heartland Watershed Assessment
    Zambezi Heartland Watershed Assessment A Report by Craig Busskohl (U.S. Forest Service), Jimmiel Mandima (African Wildlife Foundation), Michael McNamara (U.S. Forest Service) and Patience Zisadza (African Wildlife Foundation Intern). © Craig Busskohl The African Wildlife Foundation, together with the people of Africa, works to ensure the wildlife and wild lands of Africa will endure forever. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: AWF acknowledges the technical assistance provided by the U.S. Forest Service to make this initiative a success. AWF also wishes to thank the stakeholder institutions, organizations and local communities in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Zambia (ZIMOZA) for their input and participation during the consultation process of this assessment. The financial support AWF received from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs/ Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS) is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, the authors wish to recognize the professional editorial inputs from the AWF Communications team led by Elodie Sampéré. Zambezi Heartland Watershed Assessment Aerial Survey of Elephants and Other Large Herbivores in the Zambezi Heartland: 2003 Table of Contents 1. Introduction page 4 Preliminary Assessment page 4 Project Objective page 4 Expected Outputs page 4 Zambezi Heartland Site Description page 5 2. Key Issues, Concerns, and Questions page 6 2.1 Overview page 6 2.2 Key Issues page 6 2.2.1 Impact of Farming Along Seasonally Flowing Channels page 7 2.2.2 Impact of Farming Along Perennially Flowing Channels page 7 2.2.3 Future
    [Show full text]
  • RDA Report 2017.Pdf
    REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE ON THE REPORT OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL ON THE ROAD PROJECTS UNDER THE ROAD DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 2012 TO DECEMBER 2015 FOR THE FIRST SESSION OF THE TWELFTH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Appointed by the Resolution of the House on 10th October 2016 Printed by the National Assembly of Zambia REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE ON THE REPORT OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL ON THE ROAD PROJECTS UNDER THE ROAD DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 2012 TO DECEMBER 2015 FOR THE FIRST SESSION OF THE TWELFTH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Appointed by the Resolution of the House on 10th October 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 1. Membership of the Committee 1 2. Functions of the Committee 1 3. Meetings of the Committee 1 4. Procedure adopted by the Committee 1 PART I 5. Auditor General’s Comments 2 6. Scope and Methodology 11 7 Administration 18 PART II 8. Weaknesses in Procurement and Management of Road Contracts 21 LUSAKA PROVINCE 9. Construction of a fixed Electronic Weighbridge Station in Chongwe 30 10. Periodic Maintenance of 51 km of D162 (Linda – Kafue Estate Road) Including U8 (Chanyanya Road) in Lusaka Province 32 11. Construction of Drainage Structures on Selected Roads in Lusaka Urban 33 12. Upgrading to Bituminous Standard of 98 km of the Katoba to Chirundu via Chiawa - Lot 1 37 13. Periodic Maintenance of 10 km of T004 Great East Road from Arcades to Airport Roundabout 39 14. Design and Construction/Upgrading of Multi Facility Economic Zone (MFEZ) 2.4 km Chifwema Road Main Access and 50km various Internal roads in Lusaka City 41 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Zambia-Botswana
    Language: English Original: English PROJECT: KAZUNGULA BRIDGE PROJECT (SADC NORTH – SOUTH TRANSPORT CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT) MULTINATIONAL: REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA and REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA PROJECT APPRAISAL REPORT Date: October 2011 Team Leader: P. Opoku-Darkwa, Transport Engineer, OITC.2 Team Members: M T Wadda-Senghore, Transport Engineer, OITC.2 N Kulemeka, Chief Social Development Specialist,ONEC3 K Ntoampe, Principal Environmentalist, ONEC.3 M Ayiemba, Chief Procurement Specialist, ZAFO N Jere, Procurement Specialist, ZMFO O M Agyei, Financial Management Specialist, GHFO Preparation Team Sector Director: G. Mbesherubusa Regional Director (ORSA): E. Faal Regional Director (ORSB): C. Ojukwu Sector Manager: A. Oumarou Mr. J Tihngang, Senior Investment Officer. OPSM.3 Mr. M. Chirwa, Principal PPP Infrastructure Specialist, ONRI.1 Peer Reviewers Mr. M Bernard, Principal Transport Economist, OITC.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 STRATEGIC THRUST & RATIONALE .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PROJECT LINKAGES WITH COUNTRIES STRATEGIES AND OBJECTIVES ................................... 1 1.2 RATIONALE FOR BANK’S INVOLVEMENT............................................................................... 1 1.3 DONORS COORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 PROJECT
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Committee on Communications, Transport, Works and Supply for the Second Session of the Eleventh National Assembly Appointed on 26Th September 2012
    REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSPORT, WORKS AND SUPPLY FOR THE SECOND SESSION OF THE ELEVENTH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY APPOINTED ON 26TH SEPTEMBER 2012 Consisting of: Mr K Simbao, MP (Chairperson); Mr W Banda, MP; Mr L Chabala, MP; Mr M Chishimba, MP; Mrs A M Chungu, MP; Mr K Konga, MP; Mr V M Mooya, MP; and Mr O C Mulomba, MP. The Honourable Mr Speaker National Assembly Parliament Buildings LUSAKA Sir Your Committee has the honour to present its report for the Second Session of the Eleventh National Assembly. Functions of the Committee 2. In accordance with the National Assembly Standing Orders, the functions of your Committee are to: a. study and report on the mandate, management and operations of the Ministry of Transport, Works, Supply and Communications and carry out any other duties assigned or referred to them by the house pertaining to the activities of the said Ministry; b. carry out detailed investigations or scrutiny of certain activities being undertaken by the Ministry and make appropriate recommendations to the House through reports; and c. consider in detail the annual reports of the agencies and/or departments under the Ministry of Transport, Works, Supply and Communications; and consider any Bills that may be referred to it by the House. Meetings of the Committee 3. Your Committee held sixteen meetings during the year under review. Procedure adopted by your Committee 4. In order to gain insight on the topical issue, your Committee interacted with the following stakeholders: (i) National Airports Corporation Limited; (ii) Zambia Chamber of Commerce and Industry; (iii) Board of Airlines Representatives of Zambia; (iv) Engineering Institution of Zambia; (v) National Council for Construction; (vi) Guild Air-Traffic Controllers of Zambia; (vii) Newrest First Catering Limited; (viii) Dr Chabula J.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique
    PATTERNS OF HYDROLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE ZAMBEZI DELTA, MOZAMBIQUE WORKING PAPER #2 PROGRAM FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF CAHORA BASSA DAM AND THE LOWER ZAMBEZI VALLEY Richard Beilfuss International Crane Foundation, USA David dos Santos Direcção Naçional de Aguas, Mozambique 2001 2 WORKING PAPERS OF THE PROGRAM FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF CAHORA BASSA DAM AND THE LOWER ZAMBEZI VALLEY 1. Wattled Cranes, waterbirds, and wetland conservation in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique (Bento and Beilfuss 2000) 2. Patterns of hydrological change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique (Beilfuss and dos Santos 2001) 3. Patterns of vegetation change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique (Beilfuss, Moore, Dutton, and Bento 2001) 4. Prescribed flooding and restoration potential in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique (Beilfuss 2001) 5. The status and prospects of Wattled Cranes in the Marromeu Complex of the Zambezi Delta (Bento, Beilfuss, and Hockey 2002) 6. The impact of hydrological changes on subsistence production systems and socio-cultural values in the lower Zambezi Valley (Beilfuss, Chilundo, Isaacman, and Mulwafu 2002) 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 4 Patterns of runoff in the Zambezi system ................................................................................ 6 Flooding patterns in the Zambezi Delta................................................................................. 31 Water balance of the Zambezi Delta.....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SUCCESS STORIES Zambia | Story 7 – 2020
    SUCCESS STORIES Zambia | Story 7 – 2020 One region Getting through Nacala Corridor 16 nations through Great East Road Towards a “I know what a bad road can do to a family, a community, and common future above all a region. While on the road delivering goods, I have witnessed a lot of fatalities. I can safely say that the region’s From the beginning of time, the principles of Ubuntu have guided road fatality share is huge, all because of the bad roads,” says African societies. Best described as an Musonda Chitala, a Zambian truck driver. “Not only do bad African philosophy rooted in a deep roads cost lives, a poor transport system also acts as a non- awareness of: “I am because of who we tariff trade barrier.” all are”; the spirit of Ubuntu resonates in every fibre of SADCs existence – In Zambia, the route connecting to the Nacala Corridor – which ends in the past and present. The 40th anniversary Mozambican port of Beira, which handles the import and export of cargo for of SADC in 2020 commemorates a Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and even the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) journey of progress on the complex – is the Lusaka-Mwami Border Road. In 2013, in line with the Nacala Transport road to achieving peace and security, Corridor expansion plan, government rehabilitated the 375 kilometre stretch of development and economic growth. this road from Luangwa Bridge to Mwami Border, at a cost of ¤168.7 million. This “SADC Success Stories 2020” series shines a spotlight on the positive Malawian truck driver Edwin Banda describes the road as a perfect link within impacts achieved through regional southern Africa: “I wish the works on the Luangwa-Mwami Border Road can be integration in communities and in the extended to cover the Luangwa-Lusaka Road and also the Katete-Chanida Border lives of the people of the SADC region.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Zimbabwean Projects in the Zambezi Valley
    Journal of Science, Engineering & Technology M.J. Tumbare (2013) 8-19 Implementing Zimbabwean Projects in the Zambezi Valley M. J. Tumbare, PhD FICE, FZweIE, FEIZ, FZAS, ACIArb University of Zimbabwe, Department of Civil Engineering, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Projects such as the Kazungula-Kasane Bridge, Victoria Falls North Bank Power Station, Hwange 7 and 8 Thermal Power Station Extension, Batoka Gorge Hydro-electric Scheme, Zambezi-Bulawayo Water Supply Scheme, Devil's Gorge Hydro-electric Scheme, Gokwe North Thermal Power Station, Kariba South Bank Power Station Extension and Mupata Gorge Hydro-electric Scheme have been on the Zimbabwean infrastructure development cards for a long time but are yet to see the light of day. The objective of the Paper is to highlight some of the opportunities and challenges that each Project presents to policy/decision makers and potential developers utilising information in the public domain, interviews held with relevant potential developers and from the author's experiences and knowledge of the Projects. Some of the opportunities cited relate to the availability of the production raw materials, markets for the end products whilst the challenges include environmental concerns, politics, trust and confidence between development partners and technical issues. Key words: Challenges, Infrastructure, Opportunities. 1. Introduction Zambezi - Bulawayo Water Supply Scheme Hwange 7 & 8 Extension The Zambezi Valley offers vast natural resources for Devil's Gorge Hydro-electric Scheme sustainable exploitation ranging from coal reserves, Gokwe North Thermal Power Station water resources to wildlife. Whilst the Zambezi River Kariba South Bank Power Station Extension and its tributaries may be considered more of an Mupata Gorge Hydro-electric Scheme obstruction to land traffic (Tumbare 2010), the Zambezi Kanyemba Bridge River and its tributaries offer various opportunities for developmental projects such as hydropower 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Leseprobe Luangwa ENG Hist
    EARLY 20TH CENTURY day. A new innovation was the so-called bush- cart or gareta, preferred by the ladies for riding out to High Tea. It consisted of a wooden seat with a sunshade and curtains, on top of a bicycle ECONOMIC AWAKENING wheel, and was pushed and pulled along by two IN THE COLONY OF bearers. Donkey carts and rickshaws were also tried out. In Fort Jimmy (an abbreviation for Fort NORTHERN RHODESIA Jameson, today Chipata) an attempt was made A journey into the Luangwa Valley in the first to tame four zebras, in order to yoke them to decades of the 20th century meant an arduous and an ox-cart, but the animals remained often adventurous affair: Steep marches on foot unpredictably snappy; nor were they able to be on the Escarpment, plagues of tsetse flies, ridden because their backbones are too soft for dangerous encounters with lions, loneliness and such loads. lack of water. At times access to the valley was even officially barred, so that sleeping sickness and At this time the North Charterland Explo- nagana disease, carried by the tsetse flies, could ration Company (NCEC) built up a successful not get out of the valley and into the uplands. transport business. It took hundreds of bearers Consequently the Luangwa valley remained for under contract and organised the exchange of decades spared from European influences, goods between the young colony and the untouched and authentic. motherland. From Chinde While at the Luangwa, as in the Zambezi Delta on ever, time seemed to stand still, the Indian Ocean a Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • General on the Report of the Auditor
    Republic of Zambia Report of the Auditor General on the Road Projects Under the Road Development Agency (RDA) for the Period Price: K60:00 January 2012 to December 2015 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA REPORT OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL ON THE Road Projects Under the Road Development Agency FOR THE Period January, 2012 to December, 2015 Price: K60.00 Contents Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. iii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 2. Audit Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 5 3. Background .............................................................................................................................. 5 4. Scope and Methodology .......................................................................................................... 6 5. Administration ......................................................................................................................... 15 6. Source of Funds ..................................................................................................................... 16 7. Funding ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Speech Delivered by His Excellency Dr Edgar
    Republic of Zambia SPEECH DELIVERED BY HIS EXCELLENCY DR EDGAR CHAGWA LUNGU, PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA, AT THE COMMISSIONING OF THE REHABILITATED GREAT EAST ROAD, WEDNESDAY, 30TH OCTOBER 2019 STATE HOUSE LUSAKA • THE MINISTER OF HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT HON. VINCENT MWALE MP; • THE PROVINCIAL MINISTER FOR EASTERN PROVINCE, HON. MAKEBI ZULU MP; • MEMBERS OF THE PATRIOTIC FRONT CENTRAL COMMITTEE; • ALL CABINET MINISTERS PRESENT; • THE EUROPEAN UNION AMBASSADOR TO THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA AND COMMON MARKET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA, YOUR EXCELLENCY JACEK JANKOWSKI; • THE COUNTRY MANAGER OF THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, MS. MONYAU MARY MANNEKO; • YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESSES PRESENT; • THE BOARD CHAIRMAN OF THE ROAD DEVELOPMENT AGENCY MR SAMUEL MUKUPA; • YOUR WORSHIP THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF CHIPATA, MR. SINOYA MWALE; • CIVIC LEADERS FROM NYIMBA, SINDA, PETAUKE, KATETE AND CHIPATA TOWNS; • ALL HEADS OF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND PARASTATALS PRESENT; • MEMBERS OF THE PRESS; • DISTINGUISHED GUESTS; • LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: 1 | P a g e I AM EXTREMELY DELIGHTED TO BE IN CHIPATA TODAY, TO COMMISSION THE REHABILITATED GREAT EAST ROAD FROM LUANGWA BRIDGE TO MWAMI BORDER. LET ME THANK THE PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION AND THE PEOPLE OF EASTERN PROVINCE FOR THE WARM WELCOME ACCORDED TO ME AND MY DELEGATION. THE COMMISSIONING OF THE GREAT EAST ROAD TODAY IS A POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT AS MY GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO TRANSFORM THE FACE OF OUR COUNTRY. IT IS A CLEAR REFLECTION OF THE PATRIOTIC FRONT GOVERNMENT’S UNWAVERING COMMITMENT TO IMPROVING THE ROAD NETWORK ACROSS THE COUNTRY IN PARTICULAR, AND TO DELIVERING ON OUR DEVELOPMENT PROMISES TO THE ZAMBIAN PEOPLE IN GENERAL.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Rhinoceros in Zambia W
    The Black Rhinoceros in Zambia W. F. H. Ansell In Zambia's main wildlife areas, such as the Luangwa valley and the Kafue national park, the black rhinoceros populations are now stable and in some places even increasing—a striking reversal of the pre-war situation. Provided effective control can be main- tained by the Department of Game and Fisheries, the author, who is a member of the department, suggests that there is no reason why they should not continue to thrive. The black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis is the only rhinoceros species definitely recorded from Zambia, though the white rhinoceros Cerato- therium simum may once have occurred between the Zambezi and Mashi rivers.* Pitman 1934, Grimwood, Benson & Ansell 1958, Ansell I 959bJ i960, and Sidney 1965 =69-72, dealt with the past and present status of the species in Zambia. This paper, written in response to an IUCN enquiry, amplifies and brings up to date the previous accounts, and in general follows the outline of the IUCN questionnaire. The re- cent situation has been assessed from data in the records of the Game and Fisheries Department and information from departmental col- leagues; where no other authority is cited these are the sources. I have also had access to certain of the old District Note Books, now in the National Archives, Lusaka. General Distribution The map shows present and former distribution, plotted by the i° x £° square locus, corresponding to the 1: 50,000 map sheet. It is clear that many gaps in both former and present occurrences are due to lack of records.
    [Show full text]
  • Camps and Parks in Zambia and Malawi
    Camps and Parks in Zambia and Malawi Pioneer Camp, Lusaka: Around Pioneer: There is a small recreation area with a swimming pool. In he bar area there is a library with lots of travel books, wildlife books and novels and a curio shop which proudly stocks many items from across Zambia, all bought from local craftsmen. The countryside around Pioner is very safe and there are many places to walk and if you are an avid birder there are plenty in the miombo woodland around the lodge. Pioneer is surrounded by miombo woodland; it is quit and offer nice places to walk. There is a basic map which you can use to go walking and birding outside the grounds of Pioneer. It’s an ideal place to relax and enjoy your first day in Africa. Lusaka: Lusaka is the Capital of Zambia and the East side is fairly developed; the centre of Lusaka is as busy and bustling as any other city with shopping centres, cinemas, cafes and restaurants. Gwabi Camp, Lower Zambesi: is only 180 km from Zambia's capital Lusaka. It is situated on the tranquil banks of the Kafue River, undisturbed by passing boats. Set in lush green lawns with beautiful views over the river. A large outdoor swimming pool and bar area can be found at the main lodge, overlooking the Kafue River. For people who enjoy fishing or just want to game view down the river, there is a fleet of 9 boats for hire. The coxwains will show you the best fishing spots or can take you on a game viewing trip or a sun-downer cruise For bird watchers this is the ultimate spot to find over a hundred species of birds, with the help of their friendly staff.
    [Show full text]