Transforming Sociolinguistic Hierarchy on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
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Review of Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn Woolard, and Paul Kroskrity, Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons GSE Faculty Research Graduate School of Education November 1999 Review of Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn Woolard, and Paul Kroskrity, Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory Stanton Wortham University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs Recommended Citation Wortham, S. (1999). Review of Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn Woolard, and Paul Kroskrity, Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs/84 Postprint version. Published in Discourse Studies, Volume 1, Issue 4, November 1999, pages 508-510. Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445699001004010 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs/84 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Review of Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn Woolard, and Paul Kroskrity, Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory Abstract This volume collects a set of papers on language ideology that were first presented in 1991 at the American Anthropological Association annual meeting. I attended that conference symposium, and I recall an atmosphere of excitement and intellectual discovery. The presenters and much of the audience felt that the concept of language ideology was just beginning to open up important new areas for research on language and society, and we were impressed by the rich, diverse presentations that clarified and extended the concept. Comments Postprint version. Published in Discourse Studies, Volume 1, Issue 4, November 1999, pages 508-510. Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445699001004010 This review is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs/84 Discourse Studies, in press SCHIEFFELIN, BAMBI, WOOLARD, KATHRYN & KROSKRITY, PAUL. -
Piller Language-Ideologies.Pdf
Language Ideologies INGRID PILLER Macquarie University, Australia Many people from around the world are likely to agree on the following: English is the most useful language for global commercial, scientific, and cultural exchange. The best kind of English is spoken by native speakers, particularly those from the United King- dom and the United States of America, and everyone else should try to emulate their English. American English sounds professional and competent, while African Ameri- can English sounds streetwise and cool and Indian English sounds nerdy and funny. While most readers will recognize these commonsense assumptions about English as a global language, it is also easy to see that they are nothing more than beliefs and feelings and that they are impossible to confirm or refute. This is most obvious in the case of value judgments about accents: Whether you think that Indian English is funny or not depends on who you are and what your experiences with Indian English are. If you are a speaker of Indian English, it is unlikely that you consider it funny; conversely, if you regularly interact with Indian speakers of English, you are unlikely to find the way they talk funny. On the other hand, if your main exposure to Indian English is through the character of Apu in the animated television series The Simpsons,youarelikelyto find Indian English very funny. While it is relatively easy to see through the idea that “Indian English is funny,” it is a bit more difficult to question some of the other assumptions in the introductory example, such as its many language names: The meaning of terms like “English,” “Amer- icanEnglish,”“AfricanAmericanEnglish,”or“IndianEnglish”isnotasstraightforward as it may seem. -
8124 Cuaderno Historia 36 Interior.Indd
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistas Académicas de la Universidad de Chile CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA 36 DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS HISTÓRICAS UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE JUNIO 2012: 67 - 84 BAUTISTA COUSIN, SU MUERTE VIOLENTA Y LOS PRINCIPIOS DE AUTORIDAD EN RAPA NUI. 1914-1930* Rolf Foerster G.** The older people we found always kind and amiable, but the younger men have a high opinion of their own merits, and are often diffi cult to deal with1. RESUMEN: La muerte violenta de uno de los empleados de la Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua, en agosto de 1915, permite arrojar luz sobre la comunidad rapanui, sus actos de rebelión y resistencia frente al poder colonial. Su efecto de “justicia”, junto a la rebelión “milenarista” de 1914, permitió que tanto el Estado (a través de la mediación del obispo castrense Edwards) como la Compañía modifi caran sus nexos coloniales con los rapanui (de “autoritarios” y “expoliadores” se pasa a unos “paternalistas” y “caritativos”, dando pie a formas híbridas de poder y de un cierto pluralismo legal). * Este artículo fue elaborado en el marco del proyecto FONDECYT Nº1110109. ** Doctor en Antropología, Universidad de Leiden (Holanda). Profesor Asociado Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile. Correo electrónico: [email protected]. 1 Routledge, Catherine, The Mystery of Easter Island, Sifton, London, Praed & Co. Ltd., 1919, p. 140. 88124124 CCuadernouaderno hhistoriaistoria 3366 IInterior.inddnterior.indd 6677 224-07-20124-07-2012 111:14:051:14:05 CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA 36 / 2012 Estudios PALABRAS CLAVE: Isla de Pascua, Rapa Nui, Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua, colonialismo, anti-colonialismo. -
Code-Switching, Identity, and Globalization
JWST555-28 JWST555-Tannen March 11, 2015 10:3 Printer Name: Yet to Come Trim: 244mm × 170mm 28 Code-Switching, Identity, and Globalization KIRA HALL AND CHAD NILEP 0 Introduction1 Although scholarship in discourse analysis has traditionally conceptualized interac- tion as taking place in a single language, a growing body of research in sociocultural linguistics views multilingual interaction as a norm instead of an exception. Linguistic scholarship acknowledging the diversity of sociality amid accelerating globalization has focused on linguistic hybridity instead of uniformity, movement instead of stasis, and borders instead of interiors. This chapter seeks to address how we have arrived at this formulation through a sociohistorical account of theoretical perspectives on dis- cursive practices associated with code-switching. We use the term broadly in this chapter to encompass the many kinds of language alternations that have often been subsumed under or discussed in tandem with code-switching, among them borrowing, code-mixing, interference, diglossia, style-shifting, crossing, mock language, bivalency,andhybridity. Language alternation has been recognized since at least the mid-twentieth century as an important aspect of human language that should be studied. Vogt (1954), for example, suggested that bilingualism should be “of great interest to the linguist” since language contact has probably had an effect on all languages. Still, language contact in these early studies is most often portrayed as an intrusion into the monolingual interior of a bounded language. Indeed, the century-old designation of foreign-derived vocabulary as loan words or borrowings promotes the idea that languages are distinct entities: lexemes are like objects that can be adopted by another language to fill expressive needs, even if they never quite become part of the family. -
Is There Linguistic Life After High School? Longitudinal Changes in The
Language in Society 40, 617–648. doi:10.1017/S0047404511000704 Is there linguistic life after high school? Longitudinal changes in the bilingual repertoire in metropolitan Barcelona KATHRYN WOOLARD Department of Anthropology, 0532 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0532, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT Do linguistic identities formed in high school endure after adolescence? Do age-related linguistic differences represent community trends over historical time, or are they age-graded practices that change over biographical time? Catalan advocates worry that perceived Castilian dominance in adolescents’ peer relations and media consumption forecasts the community’s sociolin- guistic future. To investigate the possibility of change in bilingual repertoires after adolescence, participants in a 1987 ethnographic study of high school students in metropolitan Barcelona were reinterviewed after twenty years. The reinterviews of L1 Castilian-speakers showed increased mastery and use of Catalan even among those who had been functionally monolingual and most resistant to Catalan in high school. Higher education, the workplace, romance, cosmopolitan travel, and parenthood were triggers of such postado- lescent change in the linguistic repertoire. Informants produce a common nar- rative attributing linguistic transformations to maturational processes that reduce the shame and intolerance of difference that inhibit adolescent second language use. (Bilingualism, second language acquisition, longitudi- nal research, language and identity, adolescence, Catalan, Catalonia)* INTRODUCTION This analysis of changes in bilingual repertoires over biographical time was trig- gered by a question raised at a conference at Yale University, where I had discussed difficulties that Castilian-speaking high school students encountered in using Catalan in metropolitan Barcelona in the late 1980s (Woolard 1997). -
Qt7bj1m2m5.Pdf
UC Berkeley Berkeley Undergraduate Journal Title Between "Easter Island" and "Rapa Nui": The Making and Unmaking of an Uncanny Lifeworld Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bj1m2m5 Journal Berkeley Undergraduate Journal, 27(2) ISSN 1099-5331 Author Seward, Pablo Howard Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.5070/B3272024077 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bj1m2m5#supplemental Peer reviewed|Undergraduate eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Between “Easter Island” and “Rapa Nui” 217 BETWEEN “EASTER ISLAND” AND “RAPA NUI” The Making and the Unmaking of an Uncanny Lifeworld By Pablo Seward his thesis is a historically informed ethnography of the Rapanui people of Easter Island. The restoration of this dispossessed and ravaged island by outsiders into what some scholars call “Museum Island” is the historical background on which the thesis is set. I argue that this Tpostcolonial process has produced in the Rapanui an uncanny affect when re-encountering their landscape and the emplaced persons within. I discuss the ontological, historical, and contemporary aspects of the case on the basis of ethnographic data I collected and archival research I conducted in Easter Island in the summer of 2013 and January 2014. In the first part, I use a semiotic approach to analyze how various Rapanui performance genres reveal Easter Island to be a landscape alive with emplaced other-than-human persons. In the second part, I examine the mediatization and politi- cal use of a leprosy epidemic from the 1890s to the 1960s in the island by the Chilean nation-state, focusing on how a new apparatus of power made autonomous citizens of Rapanui dividual persons. -
Socio Linguistic Study of Code Switching of the Arabic Language Speakers on Social Networking
International Journal of English Linguistics; Vol. 4, No. 6; 2014 ISSN 1923-869X E-ISSN 1923-8703 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Socio Linguistic Study of Code Switching of the Arabic Language Speakers on Social Networking Ahmad Abdel Tawwab Sharaf Eldin1 1 Wake Forest University, Department of Romance Languages, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA Correspondence: Ahmad Abdel Tawwab Sharaf Eldin, Department of Romance Languages, Wake Forest University, North Carolina, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 11, 2014 Accepted: November 2, 2014 Online Published: November 25, 2014 doi:10.5539/ijel.v4n6p78 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v4n6p78 Abstract Researches on code-switching in the past have a concentration on the verbal language, few on its written form. This study attempts to cover and analyze the notion of code-switching in electronic contexts. The objective of this study is to discuss the code-switching functions performed by Arabic-English bilingual users in their Facebook interactions. The data of this study were collected from status updates posted by the bilingual users on their Facebook wall. They were classified and analyzed according to the functions they served in the Facebook context. Findings indicate that code switching occurs in online interaction to serve addressee specification, reiteration, message qualification, clarification, emphasis, checking, indicating emotions, availability, principle of economy and free switching functions. This study hopes to provide insights on the code-switching phenomenon in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC). Additionally, the findings of this study will be of value for the development of code-switching studies in the socio linguistic area. -
1 Cultural Identity and Heritage Prepared By: Ricardo Serpell, September 2018
EPFL | ENAC | IA Laboratory of construction and architecture Rapa Nui Superstudio 1 Cultural Identity and Heritage Prepared by: Ricardo Serpell, September 2018. A combination of geographic, historic and social factors allowed Chilean society to avoid the multiculturalist debate until very recently. Significant geographic isolation, high concentration of population on a few urban centres, and a steep socio-economic class system dominated by an upper group of strong European ascent favoured a hegemonic homogeneous-nation self-representation in the Chilean state construct. Indigenous population was historically overlooked amidst a dominant narrative of quasi-European white-mestizo nation with no “Indian problem”; an “exception” among “indigenous” and “backward” neighbour South American countries [1]. In such a context, for the Rapanui being granted Chilean citizenship in 1966 meant gaining long-denied fundamental rights, but at the same time adding to their struggle for recognition. 1.1 Worldviews Rapanui worldview has been constantly evolving after first European contact. Unable for most of its history to purposely reach out to other nations, understanding of themselves and the others in the world was challenged and then shaped by successive waves of external contact and intervention. The Rapanui worldview was suddenly required to incorporate the foreign and their everyday concerns forcibly displaced towards the sphere of external contact. Already in 1882, visitors were surprised to find that the Islanders knew accurately currency exchange rates and displayed their curios for sale with price tags on shelves [2]. Collective experience and memory of historical contact made the Rapanui simultaneously attracted and suspicious of the foreign. In many cases, the indigenous population has been divided in their perception and attitude towards incoming outsiders. -
Compañía, Estado Y Comunidad Isleña. Entre El “Pacto Colonial” Y La Resistencia
Compañía, Estado y Comunidad isleña. Entre el “pacto colonial” y la resistencia. Antecedentes y nuevas informaciones con respecto al periodo 1 1917-1936 Miguel Fuentes2 Resumen Teniendo por base la revisión de documentos provenientes del Archivo del Ministerio de Marina y del Archivo de la Intendencia de Valparaíso, este artículo se propone aportar con una caracterización inicial de la situación social y política en Rapa Nui durante el periodo 1917-1936. La elección de este periodo se justifica por la constatación que hacen varios investigadores acerca de la carencia de estudios que ayuden a comprender, para estos momentos, la dinámica social entre habitantes rapanui y agentes foráneos. Así también, pensamos que una serie de fenómenos marcan la apertura en 1917 de un nuevo escenario político. En este sentido, tanto la fallida rebelión isleña de 1914, así como el conflicto público entre el Obispo Edwards con la Compañía Explotadora en 1916 y la posterior firma del “Temperamento Provisorio”, provocaron una sustancial modificación del marco en el cual venían actuando los tres sujetos protagónicos del proceso histórico en Pascua: el Estado, la Compañía y la Comunidad isleña. Introducción Durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, el modo de vida tradicional rapanui experimenta importantes transformaciones que traen por consecuencia el surgimiento de un nuevo marco de relaciones sociales y políticas. En este contexto, una serie de sucesos marcan el desarrollo de un escenario en el cual se daría la acción (e interrelación) de tres sujetos claves: el Estado chileno, la “Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua”3 y, aunque por mucho tiempo invisibilizada por el discurso histórico oficial, la Comunidad isleña4. -
CURRICULUM VITAE Paul V. Kroskrity
CURRICULUM VITAE Paul V. Kroskrity Phone: (310) 825-2055—Department Department of Anthropology 825-6237--Office Haines Hall 341 399-4411--Home University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095-1553 Education B. A. Columbia College, Columbia University, 1971, Majors: Oriental Studies and Comparative Literature. M. A. Indiana University, 1976, Anthropology. Ph.D. Indiana University, 1977, Major Field: Anthropology, Minor Field: Linguistics. Dissertation: "Aspects of Arizona Tewa Language Structure and Language Use". Previous Experience Teaching Professor, University of California Los Angeles, July 2000-present Associate Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, July 1985--June 2000. Assistant Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, July 1978--June 1985. Administration Chair, Interdepartmental Program in American Indian Studies, l986-2006. 2010-Present. Program Development of Graduate and Undergraduate Programs; Creation of Partnerships with Professional Schools (Law, Public Health); Faculty Recruitment; Maintaining Degree Programs; Locating Funding for student support. Research. Linguistic Anthropological, Cultural, and Ethnohistorical Research in Tewa Village, First Mesa Hopi Reservation (Northeastern Arizona). Summers 1973-1984, l986-7, 1989, 1991-3, 2007, 2011-4. (Approximately 35 months of composite research). Areal-linguistic research on Arizona Tewa and Navajo conducted in Tewa Village and Klagetoh, Arizona. Summer 1977. Linguistic Anthropological research on Western Mono in the central California communities of North Fork, Auberry, and Sycamore. Lexicographical Research designed to produce both practical language materials and descriptive linguistic studies. 1981-1986, 1992-present. Documentation and Analysis of Western Mono Traditional Narratives, and their role in language renewal efforts, 1991-2001. Publications-Books-CD-ROMs 1984. With Rosalie Bethel (Western Mono), Christopher Loether, and Gregory A. -
Code-Switching in the Assemblee of Niger
International Journal of English, Literature and Social Sciences (IJELS) Vol-5, Issue-1, Jan – Feb 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.51.40 ISSN: 2456-7620 Code-Switching/Code Mixing in the National Assembly of Niger Aboubakar Nana Aichatou English Department, Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey-Niger [email protected] Abstract— The Constitution of Niger Republic stipulates: “All the communities that compose the Nation of Niger have the liberty to use their languages while being considerate of others” (Article 3), but nothing as to the language (uniquely French or also any other native/national languages) in which the business of the national Assembly is to be conducted whereas the Assembly debates are public (Article 75) and intended toward a population of which only 22% is educated. This paper examines the level at which French, the official language or Hausa the major lingua franca and any other national language is used by the Niger Assembly members in carrying out debates. Using some instruments such as questionnaire, tape recorded materials and observations the research reveals, in spite of the constitutional 'vide', the existence of code mixing/code-switching during debates by the Niger legislature. It also investigates the perception/attitude toward those MPs who switch codes, the reason why and the possible impact on the most notable absentees the population. Keywords— National Assembly Language use Code-Switching, Code-Mixing, National languages, Non educated, Perception/Attitude. I. INTRODUCTION the business being transacted, on their behalf when debate The constitution of the Republic of Niger (2010) is being held in French? How can the population know stipulates, “All the communities that compose the Nation whether their elected members defend and protect their of Niger have liberty to use their languages while being right, will and need let alone to voice their “feel”? Why considerate of others’.”(Article 3), “French is the official does Code Switching occur? How those who code language.”(Titre1). -
Publications
Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 16 Article 17 Issue 1 May 2002 Publications Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation (2002) "Publications," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 16 : Iss. 1 , Article 17. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol16/iss1/17 This Commentary or Dialogue is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al.: Publications tion. Placement of the dance paddles mentioned above occurs March 2002. Before this issue wa relea ed I asked the editors here. An installation of feather headdresses (Cats. 39-41) and of the Smithsonian Magazine to send the article to me to read the unique barkcloth visor (Cat. 38) lends further drama along for any obvious mistakes. Although I am on the staff of the this area. The two largest feather headdresses, composed of Smithsonian, this request was denied. The result is an unfortu beautifully con erved, long black cock tail feathers, are inclined nate mi -identification of the famous tattooed ''Tepano''. I want and pre ented at approximately the height they might be when to extend my sincere apology for this error. worn. The headdresses are displayed with the engraved Weber Adrienne L.