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Contributions to the Biology of Bathynectes Superbus (Costa) (Decapoda:Portunidae) from the Chesapeake Bight of the Western North Atlantic

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Contributions to the Biology of Bathynectes Superbus (Costa) (Decapoda:Portunidae) from the Chesapeake Bight of the Western North Atlantic W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1975 Contributions to the Biology of Bathynectes superbus (Costa) (Decapoda:Portunidae) from the Chesapeake Bight of the Western North Atlantic. Elizabeth Gayle Lewis College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Lewis, Elizabeth Gayle, "Contributions to the Biology of Bathynectes superbus (Costa) (Decapoda:Portunidae) from the Chesapeake Bight of the Western North Atlantic." (1975). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1593092163. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/m2-9n8q-sj40 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOLOGY OF Bathynectes superbus (Costa) (DECAPODA;PORTUNIDAE) FROM THE CHESAPEAKE BIGHT OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Elizabeth Gayle Lewis 1975 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts El yie Approved, May 1975 A , Musick, (PhiD, Maurice P. Lynch, Frank 0, Perkins, Ph,D. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ....................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ....................... ix ABSTRACT .............................................. xii INTRODUCTION ......................................... 2 SYNONOMY .............................................. 3 SYSTEMATICS ......................................... 5 SECTION I. Distribution and abundance of Bathynectes superbus (Costa) ........................ 9 SECTION II.Relative growth and morphometries of Bathynectes superbus ................... 39 SECTION III .Reproductive biology of Bathynectes superbus (Costa) ........................ 63 SECTION IV.Feeding habits of Bathynectes superbus ( C o s t a ) ................................... 112 SECTION V.Epizoites associated with Bathynectes s u p e r b u s ................................ 121 SECTION VI.Exoskeletal deformities of Bathynectes s u p e r b u s ................................ 129 SECTION Vll.Setal variation in Bathynectes superbus ( C o s t a ) ................................... 137 SUMMARY ............................................. 144 APPENDICES ........................................... 147 LITERATURE CITED ............... 164 VITA .................................................. 176 iii 623999 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr, Paul A, Haefner, Jr, (VIMS) for the collection of specimens from the R/V Columbus Iselin (73-10) cruise (NSF Grant No. GA-37561); Frank Holland (North Carolina Division of Commercial and Sports Fisheries) from the R/V Dan Moore (030); and Charles Wenner (VIMS) from the R/V Albatross IV (74-4) cruise. The R/V Eastward cruise (E-2-74) was supported by an NSF Oceanographic Training Grant to Duke University. In addition, I thank Drs, Thomas Bowman and Fenner Chace of the U.S. National Museum for providing specimens for morphometric analysis. Dr. Austin Williams of USNM assisted in the loan of specimens for the study of setal variation. Dr. Dorothy Bliss supplied information on superbus in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History, Dr. Dale Calder of the South Carolina Marine Resources Laboratory identified the hydroids found on B. superbus and Ms. Mariana Doyle of USNM confirmed identification of Poecilasma inaeguilaterale. For technical assistance, I gratefully acknowledge Sidney Powell of the National Aeronautics and Space Admins istration at Langley Air Force Base for his scanning electron photomicrographs of setae. Dr. Frank Perkins assisted with the interference photomicroscopy. Most of the photographs iv were taken by Ken Thornberry, Bill Jenkins handled the development and printing, A1 Zwirko and Jim Amon also helped with the photography, Kay Stubblefield drafted all of the figures. Histological preparations were largely the work of Ms. Patricia Berry, who did an admirable and competent job in spite of the large number of samples. Frank Wojcik and the data processing staff performed the computer analyses for the morphometries section. I also thank Dr, Gerald Engel for his help and persistance on the regression analysis program. Ms, Ann Jamison and Ms. Susan Barrick acquired much of the literature for the systematics and synonomy section, in spite of the obscurity of the literature mentioned. Jim Lesofsky and Bobby Harris helped in maintenance of the live crabs, I express special appreciation to my major professor, Dr. Paul A. Haefner, Jr. for introducing me to the topic and for his helpful suggestions and calmative influence on my overly zealous nature. I also thank Drs. John Musick, Frank Perkins, George Grant and Maurice Lynch for reviewing the manuscript. In addition Drs. Austin Williams and John McDermott (Franklin and Marshall College) made helpful comments on the study. I would also like to thank Dr. Waldo Schmitt (USNM), a crustaceologist par excellence, for sharing a few hours of his time and knowledge with me. I owe special thanks to my parents for their encourage^ ment in so many ways and to my friends, especially C.W,, J,W, and N^M.W,, who have provided both psychological and academic support. v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Catch of Bathynectes superbus and bottom hydrography at CI-73-10 trawl stations in June 1973 ..................................... 12 2 Intermolt stages of Bathynectes superbus . 16 3 Sex ratios by size group for Bathynectes superbus captured in the 150-400 m depth stratum during June 1973...................... 24 4 Percentage occurrence of brachyuran intermolt stages among four size groups of Bathynectes superbus during June 1973. 26 5 Contingency tables used in computing Cole's coefficient of association (C7) for June 1973. ....................................... 28 6 Contingency tables used in computing Cole's coefficient of association (C7) for November 1973 ................................. 29 7 Catch of Bathynectes superbus and bottom temperature at Alb.IV-74-4 stations in March 1974. ................................. 31 8 Contingency tables used in computing Cole's coefficient of association (C7) for March 1974 32 9 Regression analysis of Bathynectes superbus morphometric d a t a ............................ 45 10 Covariance analysis of morphometric data from male and female Bathynectes superbus .... 47 11 Stages of gonadal development of Bathynectes s u p e r b u s ..................................... 66 12 Number of Bathynectes superbus from November 1973, March 1974, April 1974 in each stage of gonad development for the short carapace widths i n d i c a t e d .......... 85 vi Table Page 13 Relationship of intermolt stage to gonad development in 132 Bathynectes superbus captured in June 1973 ............... 87 14 Relationship of intermolt stage to gonad development in crabs captured during November 1973, March 1974 and April 1974. 89 15 Incidence of condition of the spermathecae in relation to size of non-ovigerous female Bathynectes superbus captured in June 1973, March 1974, November 1973 and April 1974 91 16 Incidence of the condition of the sperma­ thecae relative to gonad development of non-ovigerous female Bathynectes superbus captured in June 1973, March 1974, November 1973 and April 1974 .......................... 92 17 Incidence of the condition of the sperma­ thecae to molt stage of non-ovigerous Bathynectes superbus captured during June 1973, March 1974, November 1973 and April 1974 94 18 Fecundity of Bathynectes superbus ........... 95 19 The incidence of the presence of sperm or spermatophores relative to gross development stage of gonad and size of c r a b ......................................... 96 20 Frequency of occurrence of stomach contents of hard (C^-C^) , peeler (D^-D^) , soft (A-^) and papershell (A2-B2 ) Bathynectes superbus from June 1973 ..................................... 114 21 Frequency of occurrence of stomach contents of hard, peeler and paper Bathynectes superbus from November and December 1973. 116 22 Frequency of occurrence of stomach contents of hard and papershell Bathynectes superbus from March 1974 .............................. 117 23 Frequency of occurrence of stomach contents of hard, peeler and papershell Bathynectes superbus from April 1974 118 24 Incidence and type of fouling organisms observed on Bathynectes superbus ........... 123 yii Table Page 25 Geographic locations at which specimens of Bathynectes superbus with pubescent covering were collected .... ............ ....... 139 vi ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Chart of Middle Atlantic Bight showing locations at which Bathynectes superbus were captured in June 1973, November 1973 and March 1974 ............... 10 2 Width frequency distribution of Bathynectes superbus captured in Norfolk Canyon and the adjacent slope during June 1973 20 3 Index of transformed mean abundance of four size groups of male and female Bathynectes superbus captured in Norfolk Canyon and the adjacent slope during June 1973 in 250- 400 m ................. 21 4 Index of transformed mean abundance
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