DOCSLIB.ORG

Erik the Red

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Erik the Red Erik the Red . Erik the Red Erik the Red from Arngrímur Jónsson's Grönlandiaa c. 950 Born Norway c. 1003 Died Greenland Nationality Norse Occupation Settler, explorer Founded the first Norse settlement in Known for Greenland Partner(s) Þjóðhildr Freydís, Leif Eiríksson, Þorvaldr and Children Þorsteinn Erik Thorvaldsson (Old Norse: Eiríkr Þorvaldsson; 950 – c. 1003), known as Erik the Red (Old Norse: Eiríkr hinn rauði)[1] was a Norse explorer, remembered in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first settlement in Greenland. According to Icelandic sagas, he was born in the Jæren district of Rogaland, Norway, as the son of Þorvald Ásvaldsson. He therefore also appears, patronymically, as Erik Thorvaldsson (Eiríkr Þorvaldsson). The appellation "the Red" most likely refers to his hair color and the color of his beard. Leif Erikson, the famous Icelandic explorer, was Erik's son. Exiles Erik the Red's father (Thorvald Asvaldsson) was banished from Norway because of some killings.He left with his son Erik to northwest Iceland, where he died before 980. According to the "Grænlendinga Saga," “There was a man called Thorvald, who was the father of Eirik the Red. He and Eirik left their home in Jaederen, in Norway, because of some killings and went to Iceland, which had been extensively settled by then;”when Erik was about 10 years old. He sailed west from Norway with his family and settled in Hornstrandir in northwestern Iceland.The Icelanders later sentenced Erik to exile for three years for killing Eyiolf the Foul around the year 982. After marrying Thjodhild (Þjóðhildr), Erik moved to Haukadalr (Hawksdale) where he built a farm called Eiríksstaðir. The initial confrontation occurred when his thralls (slaves) started a landslide on the neighboring farm belonging to Valthjof (Valþjófr). Valthjof's friend, Eyiolf the Foul (Eyjólfr saurr), killed the thralls. In retaliation, Erik killed Eyjiolf and Holmgang-Hrafn (Hólmgöngu-Hrafn). Eyiolf's kinsmen demanded his banishment from Haukadal. Erik then moved to the island of Öxney. He asked Thorgest (Þórgestr) to keep his setstokkr – inherited ornamented beams of significant mystical value which his father had brought from Norway. When he had finished his new house, he went back to get them, but they "could not be obtained". Erik then went to Breidabolstad and took them. These are likely to have been Thorgest's setstokkr, although the sagas are unclear at this point. Thorgest gave chase, and in the ensuing fight Erik slew both Thorgest's sons and "a few other men". After this, each of them retained a considerable body of men with him at his home. Styr gave Erik his support, as did also Eyiolf of Sviney, Thorbjiorn, Vifil's son, and the sons of Thorbrand of Alptafirth; while Thorgest was backed by the sons of Thord the Yeller, and Thorgeir of Hitardal, Aslak of Langadal and his son Illugi.[10] The dispute was resolved at an assembly, the Thing, with the result that Erik was outlawed for three years. Discoveries Map of the northern region Summer in the Greenland coast circa the year 1000 Even though popular history credits Erik as the first person to discover Greenland, the Icelandic sagas suggest that earlier Norsemen discovered and tried to settle it before him. Tradition credits Gunnbjörn Ulfsson (also known as Gunnbjörn Ulf-Krakuson) with the first sighting of the land- mass. Nearly a century before Erik, strong winds had driven Gunnbjörn towards a land he called "Gunnbjarnarsker" ("Gunnbjörn's skerries"). But the accidental nature of Gunnbjörn's discovery has led to his neglect in the history of Greenland. After Gunnbjörn, Snæbjörn Galti had also visited Greenland. According to records from the time, Galti headed the first Norse attempt to colonize Greenland, which ended in disaster. Erik the Red was the first permanent European settler. In this context, about 982, Erik sailed to a somewhat mysterious and little-known land. He rounded the southern tip of the island (later known as Cape Farewell) and sailed up the western coast. He eventually reached a part of the coast that, for the most part, seemed ice-free and consequently had conditions—similar to those of Iceland—that promised growth and future prosperity. According to the Saga of Erik the Red, he spent his three years of exile exploring this land. The first winter he spent on the island of Eiriksey, the second winter he passed in Eiriksholmar (close to Hvarfsgnipa). In the final summer he explored as far north as Snaefell and into Hrafnsfjord. When Erik returned to Iceland after his exile had expired, he is said to have brought with him stories of "Greenland". Erik deliberately gave the land a more appealing name than "Iceland" in order to lure potential settlers. He explained, "people would be attracted to go there if it had a favorable name". He knew that the success of any settlement in Greenland would need the support of as many people as possible. His salesmanship proved successful, as many people (especially "those Vikings living on poor land in Iceland" and those that had suffered a "recent famine") became convinced that Greenland held great opportunity. After spending the winter in Iceland, Erik returned to Greenland in 985 with a large number of colonists. Out of 25 ships that left for Greenland only 14 arrived, 11 were lost at sea. The Icelanders established two colonies on the southwest coast: the Eastern Settlement or Eystribyggð, in modern-day Qaqortoq, and the Western Settlement or Vestribyggð, close to present-day Nuuk. (Eventually, a Middle Settlement grew, but many people suggest it formed part of the Western Settlement.) The Eastern and Western Settlements, both established on the southwest coast, proved the only two areas suitable for farming. During the summers, when the weather favored travel more, each settlement would send an army of men to hunt in Disko Bay above the Arctic Circle for food and other valuable commodities such as seals (used for rope), ivory from walrus tusks, and beached whales. Eystribyggð In Eystribyggð or Eastern Settlement, Erik built the estate of Brattahlíð, near present-day Narsarsuaq. He held the title of paramount chieftain of Greenland and became both greatly respected and wealthy. The settlement flourished, growing to 5,000 inhabitants spread over a considerable area along Eriksfjord and neighboring fjords. Groups of immigrants escaping overcrowding in Iceland joined the original party. However, one group of immigrants which arrived in 1002 brought with it an epidemic that ravaged the colony, killing many of its leading citizens, including Erik himself. Nevertheless, the colony rebounded and survived until the Little Ice Age made the land marginal for European life-styles in the 15th century (shortly before Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492). Pirate raids conflict with Inuit moving into the Norse territories, and the colony's abandonment by Norway became other factors in its decline. Relations Eiríksstaðir, the homestead of Erik the Red in Haukadalur Medieval Icelandic tradition relates that Erik the Red and his wife Þjóðhildr (Thjodhildr) had four children: a daughter, Freydís, and three sons, the explorer Leif Eiríksson, Þorvaldr (Thorvald) and Þorsteinn (Thorstein). Erik himself remained a follower of Norse paganism, unlike his son Leif and Leif's wife, who became Christians. After being baptized by king Olaf Tryggvason, Leif brought the message of Christianity to Greenland, becoming something of an evangelist. While his wife took heartily to the religion, even commissioning Greenland's first church, Erik greatly disliked the faith and stuck to his Norse Gods – which, the sagas relate, led Thjodhild to withhold intercourse from her husband. Thjothhild was the daughter of Jørundur Ulfsson and Thorbjørg Gilsdottir (from whom Gilsfjørd is named). Jørund's mother Bjørg was granddaughter to Irish king Cerball mac Dúnlainge (Kjarval) through his daughter Rafarta. While not the first to sight the North American continent, Leif Erikson became the first Viking to explore the land of Vinland (part of North America, probably near modern-day Newfoundland). Leif invited his father on the voyage, but according to legend, Erik fell off his horse on his way to the ship and took this as a bad sign, leaving his son to continue without his company. Erik died the winter after his son's departure. There is no evidence that Leif was aware of his father's death until he returned to Greenland. Comparisons to Grœnlendinga Saga There are numerous parallels to the Grœnlendinga saga, including recurring characters and recounts of the same expeditions, although with a few notable differences. The saga of Erik the Red presents a number of the expeditions in the Grœnlendinga saga as just one expedition led by Thorfinnr Karlsefni, although Thorvaldr Eiríksson, Freydís Eiríkssdóttir and Karlsefni's wife Guðríðr play key roles in the retelling. Another notable difference is the location of their settlements. In the Grœnlendinga saga, Karlsefni and the others settle in a place that is only referred to as Vinland, while in Erik the Red's Saga, they form two base settlements: Straumfjǫrðr where they spend winter and the following spring, and Hop, where they later settle and run into problems with the natives, as depicted in the Grœnlendinga saga. Otherwise, the tales are largely similar, both with heavy focuses on the exploits of Thorfinnr Karlsefni and his wife Guðríðr. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Viking Age
    Laval University From the SelectedWorks of Fathi Habashi March, 2020 The iV king Age Fathi Habashi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/fathi_habashi/615/ The Viking Age INTRODUCTION The Viking Age (793-1066) is a period in history during which the Scandinavians expanded and built settlements throughout Europe. They are sometimes referred to as Norsemen and known to the Greek as Varangians. They took two routes: the East - - the present-day Ukraine and Russia, and the West mainly in the present-day Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland, Normandy, Italy, and the British Isles. The Viking were competent sailors, adept in land warfare as well as at sea. Their ships were light enough to be carried over land from one river system to another. Viking ships The motivation of the Viking to invade East and West is a problem to historians. Many theories were given none was the answer. For example, retaliation against forced conversion to Christianity by Charlemagne by killing any who refused to become baptized, seeking centers of wealth, kidnapping slaves, and a decline in the profitability of old trade routes. Viking ship in Oslo Museum The Vikings raids in the East and the West of Europe VIKINGS IN THE EAST The Dnieber The Vikings of Scandinavia came by way of the Gulf of Finland and sailed up the Dvina River as far as they could go, and then carried their ships across land to the Dnieper River, which flows south to the Black Sea. They raided villages then they became interested in trading with the Slavs. Using the Dnieper, they carried shiploads of furs, honey, and wax south to markets on the Black Sea, or sailed across that sea trade in Constantinople.
    [Show full text]
  • Close Reading: Leif Eriksson
    Name: ___________________________________________ Exploring the Oceans Date: __________________________ Period: ___________ Marine Science Close Reading: Leif Eriksson The Viking Explorer Who Beat Columbus to America http://www.history.com/news/the-viking-explorer-who-beat-columbus-to-america As Columbus Day approaches, the United States commemorates the explorer credited with the first European expedition to North America—Leif Eriksson. Nearly 500 years before the birth of Christopher Columbus, a band of European sailors left their homeland behind in search of a new world. Their high-prowed Viking ship sliced through the cobalt waters of the Atlantic Ocean as winds billowed the boat’s enormous single sail. After traversing unfa- miliar waters, the Norsemen aboard the wooden ship spied a new land, dropped anchor and went ashore. Half a millennium before Columbus “discovered” America, those Viking feet may have been the first European ones to ever have touched North American soil. Exploration was a family business for the expedition’s leader, Leif Eriksson (variations of his last name include Erickson, Ericson, Erikson, Ericsson and Eiriksson). His father, Erik the Red, founded the first European settlement of Greenland after being expelled from Iceland around A.D. 985 for killing a neighbor. (Erik the Red’s father, himself, had been banished from Norway for committing manslaughter.) Eriksson, who is believed to have been born in Iceland around A.D. 970, spent his formative years in desolate Greenland. Around A.D. 1000, Eriksson sailed east to his ancestral homeland of Norway. There, King Olaf I Tryggvason converted him to Christianity and charged him with proselytizing the religion to the pagan settlers of Greenland.
    [Show full text]
  • Highs and Lows: Height Changes in the Ice Sheets Mapped EGU Press Release on Research Published in the Cryosphere
    15 Highs and lows: height changes in the ice sheets mapped EGU press release on research published in The Cryosphere Researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany have used satellite data to map elevation and elevation changes in both Greenland and Antarctica. The new maps are the most complete published to date, from a single satellite mission. They also show the ice sheets are losing volume at an unprecedented rate of about 500 cubic kilometres per year. The results are now published in The Cryosphere, an open access journal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). “The new elevation maps are snapshots of the current state of the ice sheets,” says lead-author Veit Helm of the Alfred Wegener Insti- tute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), in Bremerhaven, Germany. The snapshots are very accurate, to just a few metres in height, and cover close to 16 million km2 of the area of the ice sheets. “This is 500,000 square kilometres more than any previous elevation model from altimetry – about the size of Spain.” Satellite altimetry missions measure height by bouncing radar New elevation model of Greenland derived from CryoSat-2. More elevation and elevation change maps are available online. (Credit: Helm et al., The Cryo- or laser pulses off the surface of the ice sheets and surrounding sphere, 2014) water. The team derived the maps, which show how height differs across each of the ice sheets, using just over a year’s worth of data collected in 2012 by the altimeter on board the European Space authors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E
    Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 3 August 2016 The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E. Warden Oglethorpe University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur Part of the Canadian History Commons, European History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Warden, Donald E. (2016) "The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus," Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Cover Page Footnote I would like to thank my honors thesis committee: Dr. Michael Rulison, Dr. Kathleen Peters, and Dr. Nicholas Maher. I would also like to thank my friends and family who have supported me during my time at Oglethorpe. Moreover, I would like to thank my academic advisor, Dr. Karen Schmeichel, and the Director of the Honors Program, Dr. Sarah Terry. I could not have done any of this without you all. This article is available in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 Warden: Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Part I: Piecing Together the Puzzle Recent discoveries utilizing satellite technology from Sarah Parcak; archaeological sites from the 1960s, ancient, fantastical Sagas, and centuries of scholars thereafter each paint a picture of Norse-Indigenous contact and relations in North America prior to the Columbian Exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Issue Vol. 2 No. 4
    Swedish American Genealogist Volume 2 | Number 4 Article 1 12-1-1982 Full Issue Vol. 2 No. 4 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/swensonsag Part of the Genealogy Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation (1982) "Full Issue Vol. 2 No. 4," Swedish American Genealogist: Vol. 2 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/swensonsag/vol2/iss4/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by Augustana Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Swedish American Genealogist by an authorized editor of Augustana Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Swedish American Genea o ist A journal devoted to Swedish American biography, genealogy and personal history CONTENTS The Emigrant Register of Karlstad 145 Swedish American Directories 150 Norwegian Sailor Last Survivor 160 Norwegian and Swedish Local Histories 161 An Early Rockford Swede 171 Swedish American By-names 173 Literature 177 Ancestor Tables 180 Genealogical Queries 183 Index of Personal Names 187 Index of Place Names 205 Index of Ships' Names 212 Vol. II December 1982 No. 4 I . Swedish Americanij Genealogist ~ Copyright © I 982 S1tiedish Amerh·an Geneal,,gtst P. 0 . Box 2186 Winte r Park. FL 32790 !I SSN 0275-9314 ) Editor and P ub lisher Nils Will ia m Olsson. Ph.D .. F.A.S.G. Contributing Editors Glen E. Brolardcr. Augustana Coll ege . Rock Island. IL: Sten Carls,on. Ph.D .. Uppsala Uni versit y. Uppsala . Sweden: Carl-Erik Johans,on. Brigham Young Univ ersity.J>rovo. UT: He nn e Sol Ib e .
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Leif the Lucky Ebook, Epub
    LEIF THE LUCKY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Ingri D'Aulaire,Edgar Parin D'Aulaire | 60 pages | 15 Oct 2014 | University of Minnesota Press | 9780816695454 | English | Minnesota, United States Leif the Lucky PDF Book Breakwater Books. University of Minnesota Press Coming soon. Home World History Global Exploration. Edgar Parin d'Aulaire. Oct 09, Sara rated it it was amazing. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource. Retrieved 12 October There is ongoing speculation that the settlement made by Leif and his crew corresponds to the remains of a Norse settlement found in Newfoundland, Canada , called L'Anse aux Meadows and which was occupied c. Categories : Leif Erikson s births s deaths Converts to Christianity from pagan religions Explorers of Canada Icelandic explorers Icelandic sailors Norse colonization of North America Scandinavian explorers of North America Viking explorers 10th-century Icelandic people 11th-century Icelandic people. Ingri had grown up in Norway; Edgar, the son of a noted portrait painter, was born in Switzerland and had lived in Paris and Florence. The pictures are marvellous, and the story is good, though not quite as good as others by the same author. By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. The Telegraph. This book tries to sidestep this power dynamic by negotiating with the dignity of the natives that Leif's brother finds by representing them as cartoonish, buffoonish people who are good for trading fur and an occasional laugh p. Lists with This Book. Cambridge University Press. But the other son quickly jumped in and said it wasn't boring, but really cool. As the years pass, food for the Vikings in Greenland becomes scarce and the lack of food and the cold causes them to become smaller in stature.
    [Show full text]
  • Erik the Red's Land
    In May this year, a Briton named Alex Hartley gamely claimed as his personal territory a tiny island in Sval- bard that had been revealed by retreating ice. Sval bard’s islands have a long history of claims and counter-claims by adventurers of diverse nations: the question of who owns the Arctic is an old one. In this next article in our unreviewed biographical/historical series, Frode Skarstein describes Norway’s bid to wrest a corner of Greenland from the Danish crown 75 years ago. Erik the Red’s Land: the land that never was Frode Skarstein Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway, [email protected]. “Saturday, 27th of June, 1931. Eventful day. A long coded telegram late last night that I deciphered during the night. At fi ve pm we hoisted the fl ag and occupied the land from Calsbergfjord to Besselsfjord. It will be exciting to see how it develops.” (Devold 1931: author’s translation.) Although not as pithy as the Unity’s log entry from 1616—“Cape Hoorn in 57° 48' S. Rounded 8 p.m.”—when the southern tip of the Americas was fi rst rounded (Hough 1971), the above diary entry by Hallvard Devold is still a salient understatement given the context in which it was made. The next day Devold sent the following telegram to a select few Norwegian newspapers: “In the presence of Eiliv Herdal, Tor Halle, Ingvald Strøm and Søren Rich- ter, the Norwegian fl ag has been hoisted today in Myggbukta. And the land between Carls berg fjord to the south and Bessel fjord to the north occupied in His Pawns in their game: Devold (left) and fellow expe di tion mem bers during the Majesty King Haakon’s name.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crown of the World: Canada Dawns
    The Crown of the World, Page 1 The Story of Canada The Crown of the World Canada Dawns The Blackfoot Creation Myth – A Dragon Ship of the North - An Explorer Without Curiosity – Leif the Fortunate – Wineland the Good – The Skraelings – Where is Vinland? - To Find the Orient – The Northwest Passage – New-Found Land – The Fish Kingdom – The Land Where Stands the Cross – A Letter to King Francis I of France – Cartier’s Second Voyage George Bird Grinnell: “The Blackfoot Creation Myth” From Blackfoot Indian Stories In the beginning there was water everywhere; nothing else was to be seen. There was something floating on the water, and on this raft were Old Man and all the animals. The Sun, [whom we call the Old Man,] wished to make land, and he told the beaver to dive down to the bottom of the water and to try to bring up a little mud. The beaver dived and was under water for a long time, but he could not reach the bottom. Then the loon tried, and after him the otter, but the water was too deep for them. At last the musk-rat was sent down, and he was gone for a long time; so long that they thought he must be drowned, but at last he came up and floated almost dead on the water, and when they pulled him up on The Crown of the World, Page 2 the raft and looked at his paws, they found a little mud in them. When Old Man had dried this mud, he scattered it over the water and land was formed.
    [Show full text]
  • Information on Tax Identification Numbers Section I – TIN
    Information on Tax Identification Numbers Section I – TIN Description In Greenland the TIN equals the CPR number for all natural persons and equals the GER number for all non-natural persons/companies etc. The CPR number is a Danish system and is issued after the rules in the Civil Registration System Act by the Central Registration Office. All residents in Greenland or Denmark gets a CPR number that is used for almost all communication with public authorities and therefore also in tax matters. The CPR number is also issued for all non-residents in Greenland but where the Greenlandic Tax Administration finds the person is taxable to Greenland. The CPR number is a unique number for one person and is not renewed. The GER number for non-natural persons and legal entities is issued according to different tax- and excise laws. The GER number is administrated by Skattestyrelsen (The Greenlandic Customs and Tax Administration) placed under the Greenlandic Ministry of Finance. Additional information on the mandatory issuance of Tax Identification Numbers (TINs) Question 1 – Does your jurisdiction automatically issue TINs to all residents for tax purposes? Individuals Yes Entities Yes S ection II – TIN Structure For natural persons the format of the TIN is a 10 digits structure. From the left it is constructed in the following way: the digits in the positions 1-2 indicate the day of birth of the person; the digits in the positions 3-4 indicate the months of birth of the person; the digits in the positions 5-6 indicate the year of the birth of the person, without indicating the century; the digits in the positions 7-10 form a serial number.
    [Show full text]
  • GBO Site List.Xlsx
    EPO Year University of Alberta (CARISMA) Year Greenland Year Russia (AARI) Year BMLS – Bay Mills 2005-07, 10-Current FSIM: Fort Simpson 2006-Current DTU sites: AMD: Amderma, Russia 2011-Current CCNV – Carson City 2004-Current FSMI: Fort Smith 2006-Current AMK: Tassiilaq, Greenland 2007-Current DIK: Dikson, Russia 2011-Current DRBY – Derby 2005-Current GILL: Gillam 2006-Current ATU: Attu, Greenland 2007-09, Current TIK: Tiksi, Russia 2011-Current FYTS – Fort Yates (not in operation) 2005-10 PINA: Pinawa 2006-Current BFE: Brorfelde, Denmark, 2008-Current PBK: Pevek, Russia 2011-Current HOTS – Hot Springs 2004-10 RANK: Rankin Inlet 2006-Current DMH: Danmarkshavn, Greenland 2007-09, Current LOYS – Loysburg 2005-11 SNKQ: Sanikiluaq 2007-Current DNB: Daneborg, Greenland (not in operation) 2007 SGU Year PGEO – Prince Georgeg( (formerly y GBO site) ) 2005-Current ATHA: Athabasca (g(origin NRCan) ) 2008-Current FHB: Paamuit ((Frederikshåp), p), Greenland 2009-Current ABK: Abisko,, Sweden 2007-Current PINE – Pine Ridge 2004-Current GDH: Qeqertarsuaq (Godhavn), Greenland 2007-Current PTRS – Petersburg 2004-Current MACCS (/THEMIS code) Year GHB: Nuuk (Godthåp), Greenland 2009-Current Leirvogur Year RMUS – Remus 2005-Current CDR/CDRT: Cape Dorset 2007-Current KUV: Kullorsuaq, Greenland 2007, 09-Current LRV: Leirvogur, Iceland 2007-Current SWNO – Shawano 2005-Current CRV/CRVR: Clyde River 2008-Current NAQ: Narsarsuaq, Greenland (aka NRSQ) 2007-Current UKIA – Ukiah 2004-Current GJO/GJOA: Gjoa 2008-Current NRD: Nord, Greenland (Data only to 2009) 2007-09
    [Show full text]
  • Greenland's Project Independence
    NO. 10 JANUARY 2021 Introduction Greenland’s Project Independence Ambitions and Prospects after 300 Years with the Kingdom of Denmark Michael Paul An important anniversary is coming up in the Kingdom of Denmark: 12 May 2021 marks exactly three hundred years since the Protestant preacher Hans Egede set sail, with the blessing of the Danish monarch, to missionise the island of Greenland. For some Greenlanders that date symbolises the end of their autonomy: not a date to celebrate but an occasion to declare independence from Denmark, after becoming an autonomous territory in 2009. Just as controversial as Egede’s statue in the capital Nuuk was US President Donald Trump’s offer to purchase the island from Denmark. His arrogance angered Greenlanders, but also unsettled them by exposing the shaky foundations of their independence ambitions. In the absence of governmental and economic preconditions, leaving the Realm of the Danish Crown would appear to be a decidedly long-term option. But an ambitious new prime minister in Nuuk could boost the independence process in 2021. Only one political current in Greenland, tice to finances. “In the Law on Self-Govern- the populist Partii Naleraq of former Prime ment the Danes granted us the right to take Minister Hans Enoksen, would like to over thirty-two sovereign responsibilities. declare independence imminently – on And in ten years we have taken on just one National Day (21 June) 2021, the anniver- of them, oversight over resources.” Many sary of the granting of self-government people just like to talk about independence, within Denmark in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Gjoa Haven © Nunavut Tourism
    NUNAVUT COASTAL RESOURCE INVENTORY ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ Department of Environment Avatiliqiyikkut Ministère de l’Environnement Gjoa Haven © Nunavut Tourism ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ Department of Environment Avatiliqiyikkut NUNAVUT COASTAL RESOURCE INVENTORY • Gjoa Haven INVENTORY RESOURCE COASTAL NUNAVUT Ministère de l’Environnement Nunavut Coastal Resource Inventory – Gjoa Haven 2011 Department of Environment Fisheries and Sealing Division Box 1000 Station 1310 Iqaluit, Nunavut, X0A 0H0 GJOA HAVEN Inventory deliverables include: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • A final report summarizing all of the activities This report is derived from the Hamlet of Gjoa Haven undertaken as part of this project; and represents one component of the Nunavut Coastal Resource Inventory (NCRI). “Coastal inventory”, as used • Provision of the coastal resource inventory in a GIS here, refers to the collection of information on coastal database; resources and activities gained from community interviews, research, reports, maps, and other resources. This data is • Large-format resource inventory maps for the Hamlet presented in a series of maps. of Gjoa Haven, Nunavut; and Coastal resource inventories have been conducted in • Key recommendations on both the use of this study as many jurisdictions throughout Canada, notably along the well as future initiatives. Atlantic and Pacific coasts. These inventories have been used as a means of gathering reliable information on During the course of this project, Gjoa Haven was visited on coastal resources to facilitate their strategic assessment, two occasions:
    [Show full text]