Magazyn dia uczcych shp jzyka angielskiego www.colorfulmedia.pI

ENGLISH8,90z1 18/2009 (w tym 0% VAT) Wrzesieri/Pa±dziernik MATT RSIRNEW dwumiesicznik

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S ot tOUSin grand-I., i FLORIDA 'Y"'Ter The Sunshine State Health and Sustainability FROM HOGWARTS TO HARIW • Kabbalah - Craze Holds The Magic of the British Sf ool S Over Celebrities tiTl FOXHUNTING OaveYbur­Energy An Old British Tradition A" Genealogical Trees I

Tracing Yourwww.diako.ir Anscestors __ Gi"mnazialisto.1 W WAGROS)~d

• egzarnin & ''.111 1 imna.z 11 ~~ ~Illjlllllll cjeIak g

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www.wagros.com.pl Ksi±ka do riabycia w ksigarniach Iingwistycznych i szkolnych na terenie calego kraju. www.diako.ir ~] ei .FIeTeIrI!*.T1

This & That i.i.iruIIr'Ir 61 How to... Survive the First Weeks at School or University 151 Genealogical Trees

- Tracing Your Anscestors

241 Kabbalah - Craze Holds Sway Over Celebrities

321 Lohas - Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability rni 101 From Hogwartsto Harrow

- The Magic of the British School 291 Pa-un 341 Big Orwell is Watching You

81 Save Your Energy iffo'yr' 371 Summer getaway:

Florida - the "Sunshine State"

181 Domino Day!

201 Foxhunting - An Old British Tradition

L.IsIs1791I'- -- - 221 Energy

www.diako.ir news

Did you know t

© The number of births in India each year is higher than the entire population of Australia.

© Frozen lobsters can come back to life when tbomo! Puzzle © Only one book has been distributed in more copies then alarm clock the Bible - the IKEA catalog. With this alarm clock you get © Apple seeds are pjsonous. the guarantee that you will wake up every time - rapidly and with no lingering! It wakes you up by firingfour puzzle pieces up in the air and will not turn off until you pick all of the pieces up and put them back in the alarm clock. A gadget exclusively for those © Annually, the amount of who have strong nerves! garbage that is dumped in the \ - - we r Idsoceansisthreetimesthe weight of fish that is caught from -u--- them

© ln Holland, you can be fin. for not usingu shonnin basket an • a grocery store!

http://www.nicefacts.com

lobster - homar to thaw - rozmrazad poisonous - ttLJjtcy to dump - wyroucad to fine - ukarad grzywn

4 engliah rncrtters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir news

Incredible numbers

In Haiti, only 1. in every 200 people own a car.

Car airbags kill I person for every 22 lives that they save.

53 Lego br jghs have been manufactured for every person in the world.

~rw—& On average, a 9J30osabl, yr can hold over 3 lIters of liquid.

There are 11 towns is the U.S. named Moscow!

The average i-(fpn of a omomnt during the medieval AM ages was .n

http://www,n icefacts corn

brick - klach FF to manufacture - wyprodakowa disposable diaper - pieluchajodnurozowa life span - dtugasczycia Peasant - chiup

gathered at the National Stadium in Lisbon to create the Portuguese logo for Euro 2004.

• Fastest strip down - a Japanese men can take off all of his clothes in just 7.5 seconds,

• Longest nose - Mehmet Ozyurek of Turkey has a snout of almost 9cm that wins in this category They say that the end justifies the means - holders of every time, the following world records surely took these words as • Mostc,ockcoaches eaten Ken Edwards of England their motto... ate 36 cocktoachee in one minute. •Loudest burp1na,ul Hunn from London holds the

•Longest midget toss - Jimmy Leonard record for the loudàt.,it of 107.1 db. tossed Lenny the Giant over 3.5 meters.

Stretchiest skin - Garry Turner of A England stretched the skin of his stomach to a length of 15.8cm

- ' (this ability is the result of a disease, by the way).

• Highest jump by a pig - Kotetsu, a pot-bellied pig from Japan, jumped

over an obstacle of 70cm. theendju stifles tlro means - ccl udwica drodki

Longest ear hair - this record is held by midgettoss - rzutkarlem

an Indian - Antony Victor's ear heir in 11.5cm long. to stretch - mzciqgod

• Heaviest weight lifted with ear - Zafer Gill of pet-bellied pig - wletnamska doinia zwislobrzuclra

Pakistan lifted gym weights of 73 kg hanging from snout - kinol

a platform attached to his right ear. cockroach - koraluch

• Largest human logo - in 1999, 34,309 people burp - boknicie

www.diako.ir engliuhmcttteru 118/2009 5 people & lifestyle

Marta Luj-Odziemska

They say that good things soon end. There's no denying it's true! Summer is slowly coming to an.-end and we all have to face the inevitable return to schools and universities. Return to the usual problems, the fixed routine and the stress. Then, suddenly, the eternal question pops_up: "How on earth am I going to survive?. Well, it can be quite hard, but there are ways to make your school life at least a little more pleasurable. Here are a few hints...

First and foremost, remember that in no more than ten months the holidays will arrive again!

Secondly, do not forget that school or university is not only about swot- ting. but also about se..tia.iIzin . So, instead of complaining, focus on making friends (if you're at a new school) or nuitciniog friendships you have already made. And friends mean nice meetings after school, gtt- togethers and sleeoovec, shopping serves, weekend trips or, at the worst, studying together if nend be. Friends are good!

Besides, you should realise that knowledge is good too. No matter now much you despise school and teachers, the fact is that there is always the potential of learning something new. You never know when you will e.aoo,twJuna wise pedagoguetotalkto ore qy.eji.tgjookto rend. Anyway,

6 englith matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir

people & lifestyle I

I

in the afternoon you will get your reward, whether that's a salsa course or aikido classes. Plus, you will have something to limpness your friends with, or even find new ones who share similar interests.

Furthernne, get involved in activity clubs or charitable activities run by your school or university. This way you will do something good both for yourself and for others, and you will also have additional motivation for attending school.

- Think ahead - every autumn brings you closer to the next holidays and every year brings you clover to the ending of \ - your education. And once you get there, you will be able to enter the wonderful world of adults, who have to be at work every day on time, who don't get long summer holidays.guaranteedwinterbreaksorthechancetoty a . • XLEhff- tnjjan.t occasionally Are you still sure school is that bad? low You can also start planning what you will do or where i,4~ 4 you will go nest summer. And don't think this is too 413 I early, for the more time you dasofo to planning, the more spectacular your trips and activities may be. It will surely keep you occupied through the hardships of school life. 40. Remember that in no more than ten months the holidays will arrive again! U

there is quite a good chance that another academic year will broaden your horizons. Schools and universities are really the best places to soak up knowledge!

The school environment is also the best place to learn about social Qa.ttor.ns and relationships. You can observe (and some may, unfortunately, even experience) acts of buijying, examples of people in authority fljg thaiLoowac, situations in which individuals get the(r way despite their weaknesses and much more. In this way you can work .Qutt how to deal with similar situations yourself, making your life easier in the future.

Once you've realized that school isn't so bad after all, it's time to start making it more pleasant. You could try the visualization technique for a start: picture your school as a beautiful, student-friendly place, full of fantastic people and inspiring events. If you make yourself see it like that, it will be like that!

Aownge some interesting activities for yourself after school. It will be easier to sit in class (and maybe even to focus on what the teachers are saying), knowing that

www.diako.ir englishmatfert 18/2009 7 environment

for instance, has sioneered carbon- neutral houses, Germany affordable solar power, Japan fuel-efficient cars, the Netherlands prosperous cities filled with bicycles. Do Americans have the will to match such efforts? Different energy sources have various effectson theenvironment in which they are manufactured, transported or used: Bioenergy (blofuels) - biofuels create the same problems as fossil fuels, but since the production of biofuels closes the carbon cycle, biofuels are less harmful. Closing the carbon cycle means that plants (e.g. oiL seccLnupe. corn, sugar cane) which are used for producingbiofaelx duringtheir growth take up from the atmosphere certain amounts of carbon which is later returned to the atmosphere by combustion of these biofuels.

exploitation - wykorzystanie pity - sakoda to cut both ways - mind swain dubro i tie strony acquisition - ptzyskanie nil spill - wyciek ropy acid ruin - kwadne demean to proceed - psstpowad pace - tempo measure - srodek aim - eel urgent- plIny ince the energetic needs of carbon dioxide mostly ends up in the necessity - koniecannid mankind will groceed with its atmosphere and with its greenhouse fossil fuel - paliwo kopalne Sgrowth in the coming decades, as effect cuntribates.to global warming. nuclear power plant - elektrawnia atomawa reflected in the rapid pDQt of technology. Even more dangerous is the gas that waste - odpady some measures - whose aim is to is v/aed during incomplete fuel to dispose of sth - poabywad sip cuogod ttguin - pozyskiwad decrease our impact onthe environment combustion (combustion without the nor-renewable - nieodnawialny - are really an urgent neocatisty. necessary amount of oxygen). nactslci combustion - spalanie The most dangerous energy sources monPuitia (CO). Carbon monoxide is carbon dioxide - dwutlenok wqgla nowadays are fossil fuels (i.e. coal, a colourless, odorless and tasteless. greenhouse gas - gao cieplarniary oil and natural gas), and potential yet highly toxic gas, which even to contribute to sth - przyczyniad sip do czogos danger comes as well in the form of in low concentrations can cause to release - ts' emitowad death after only a few minutes of spent radioactive fuel from aurLe,aj carbon monoxide - tlenek wqgla power plants (highly radioactive waists inhalation. Emission of these gases odourless - bezwonny to be disoou.ed....o.f). The majority of into the atmosphere hasn't yet been tasteless - bet omaha the worlds energy is still gained from significantly decreased and opponents significantly - maccain ecologically unacceptable energy of the Kyoto protocol (e.g. the USA, border - obciqzenie sources, especially fossil fuels which China), which could play a key role in to pioneer - zapnczptbowad are still the dominant energy source this, point to the fact that reducing affordable - przystqpny and, moreover, are non-renewabla. emissions according to the Kyoto solar power - energiaslorecona Since fossil fuels have coal as their protocol would present a heavy io,aideo fuel-efficient - onergooszczqdny base, normal combustion of these to their economies. Nevertheless, the prosperous - zamaSny fuels results in carbon dipxide (CD) rest of the world isn't waiting for the oil-seed rape - rzopak which is a greenhouse gas. This United States to show the way. Sweden, sugar care - Wei na cukrtwa

8 english matters 118/2009 www.diako.ir environment

• Solar energy - although the as waste management problems. curse the day TV sets, cars and air- energy of the Sun has tremendous We shouldn't forget that saving conditioners were invented. • potential because of its high power energy should start from our own efficiency, so arjuQwer stations would loaihwcclv - the Earth's fate is placed Dla zainteresowanych be needed to cover vast areas of the in our hands and with these hands 0 planet in order to get more significant we can do a lot in our bpuseliolda: amounts of usable energy. Reduce waste, ti,iaw things • Wind energy - production of and recycle a lot. A good may to tremendous - ogrumny energy out of the wind doesn't have save energy is by not wasting things, solar power station - elektnownia stenecona any serious negative effects on the using them many times and fnata vast - rozlegly environment. Ecologically speaking, them. Forget sh000 rig sorees and flaw - wada the only real flats of wind nower unbridled consumption. Be frngsi. wind power plant - elektrowrna wiatrowa pignlg is the negative effect on bird Save as much electricity as you propeller smigto populations because the propeller can Turn off some of the lights dam - oapora on wind turbines can kill birds. in your room and change light bulbs to flood - naiad • Water energy - water energy for energy-efficient ones. Don't use ground water - woda gruntowa doesn't cause any pollution, however air conditiontngwhev it's not needed. to stern - pnoechowywac the infrastructure required could Turn off TV sets, computers arid video warehouse - inaganyn do harm to local ecosystems. For games, too - try a refreshing walk tidal energy - energia plywowa instance, building of huge dnctcs instead. beneficial korzystny waste biomass - odpady biomasy leads to the Loodis of large areas Save ggapLrrs and heat. Take and raises the level of ground water. an example from the Dutch and bailiwick - sfera zainteresowait fate - Ins • Nuclear energy production change from car to bike (or bus at least). household - gospodarstwe domowe of energy in nuclear power plants is Have you already tried actually talvaug to reuse - ponoweie wykonoystac a clean process. The biggest problem iantrcii. to your school or workplace? to flu - naprawic regarding nuclear power plants is the Eoca.uacie your friends, family shopping spree oukupowe snateitstwo usedfue which is highly radioactive and and neighbours. They should unbridled - niepohamowany must be for several centuries in be concerned about energy, too. Set ststoci frugal - esocywdny special underground warehouses. a good example! light bulb - zarowka • fl4j/ Wave/ Gaothermalgy From an economic point of view, we refreshing odswiazajqcy - these are clean sources out still must also accept carbon prong, such gasoline - benonna demand certain infrastructure and as a carbon tax, adopt much gyugftac tn take astroll proejtdsiy conditions to be fully beneficial. standards for motor vehicles, aircraft, to persuade - przekonaif - using waste buildings, soohoscas, lighting and to be concerned - troszczyc si. nnartwic biomass to produce energy may industry, as well as advancing non- tough - twardy, surowy reduce the use of fossil fuels renewables such as hydro power, appliance urzqdzenie and thus reduce greenhouse biomass and wind power. Otherwise, to advance - rozwijaid, posuwac naprzod gas emissions or pollution unwell our great-grandchildren are going to to curse prznklinac - g ------KUPON RABATOWY KUPON RABATOWY KUPON RABATOWY

*Zaznacz wivitciwe

Ljj LOMMUTR www.diako.ir ruin 9711 culture top, 40 HQ-tow - 7h1a of I he 0341~4,~Sh School

by Anna Richards

It is hard to imagine walking into a classroom ven the term British schooling is net 100% accurate. In fact, anywhere around the world now without coming EEngland and Wales, Scotland across at least one child who has been entranced by and Northern Ireland have separate the legendary Hogwarts School from the Harry Potter educational systems, although the differences, to the less discerninu books and has not, even for a moment, fantasized eye of year average foreign observer, about studying within its magical environs. Since seem laughably superficial. In any case, from Land's End to John J.K. Rowling first put pen to paper back in the late 0' Groats, the collective consciousness nineties, schooling in Britain has achieved such regardin education is JoPoiii], largely a legendary status, that it is important to start by because of literature - the latest link in a chain beginning with the 1857 separating fact from fiction. Tom Brown's Schooldays and ending with the aforementioned, wildly popular Harry Potter books. 140 years on, the Potter magic could not have been conjured up without some sort of closed environment - cue Hogwartu, a centuries old boarding school, with its full compliment of secret passageways,

toto comeentrance crane - urzec sth - nalkegh sit na

to put pen to paper - zabrad sin no pisanie chwycidzapidrn

to achieve - osipgnd

accurate - dekiadey

discerning - wynoawny

average - przecitnry laughably- kmiesznir

superficial - powirnzcliewnp

collective consciousness - kwiadomohd obiorawa

regarding - dotyczpcy

uniform - odrakowy, stay

aforementioned - wyizniwspomniaoy to conjure up - wyczarnwaf boa rdingschool - nebula nintematem

passageway - prarjkciu

10 english matters 11812009 www.diako.ir culture I dusty classrooms and boatloads of history, as well as the old school staples of bullies and cwmo and teachers, both kind and cruel. And, in fact, not all of this is fiction - in Britain there are many schools of equally impressive age that are renowned for their high educational standards. Boarding schools especially are an institution that has, through the ages, developed quite a history, and aes,,uir.ocf a huge reputation. Some of the best schools in the JR are boarding schools, like the prestigious Harrow (founded during the reigrlofQueen Elizabeth I, in 1572), Tom Brown's Rugby, or Eton, which was founded as long ago as in 1440 by Ring Henry VI. Eton is famous for having educated 19 prime ministers and also for having been attended not long ago by the world's itigni:ofile education they can receive with an excellent al-round education, favourite young princes - William and there, The Ukrainian politician Yulia the emphasis in the past was rather Harry Windsor - the former holding Tymoshenko sent her daughter to different. Discipline designed to the respected office of Prefect. It is Rugby, for example. Paradoxically, what generate toughness was once the only the very best pupils that get to be is meant by a public school is what in priority, and schooldays might in Prefects - they then get landed with American English might be referred no way be the happiest of your life. the job of general overseer, meaning to as a private school, abu one where It is known, for instance, that Winston they anasre that other kids don't you have to fork out for your tuition and Churchill had a miserable childhood Utter the playground, get into fights board. This can get a little onovy, so spent far away from his extremely in the corridors or do anything else it may not be an option for everyone, busy parents, packed away in that could be described as remotely although some students do receive boarding school, memorizing what fun. Basically, the Prefects end up scholarships, so not all hope is lost! were laughingly called 'the three Rs: doing all manner of different jobs While Harry was happier at Hogwarts reading, writing and arithmetic. But usually best performed by teachers than anywhere else, and while they say what doesn't kill you only themselves. modern public-school pupils clearly makes you stronger - and perhaps One downside of some of these enjoy their time there, and emerge the severity of life at school was 110- much famed schools, which might alternately be considered beneficial, is their continuing single-sex profile dusty - rakuroony headmaster/headmistress - dyreklor/ - Else is, as it has ever been, out of boatload - ladanek drireklorka szkoly Elosincis for all girls, no matter how bully - Inbur annually - en inks rich or clever they may be. Some chum - kuapel personage - usobistasri boys' schools though, have their girls' renowned - many top-notch - pinrwszoreqdey school equivalents and sometimes to acquire - zyskad high-profile - szeroko many cohost end-of-term balls and other reign - vailowanie aka (also known as) - alias activities. Most of these elite schools to attend - uczsmcuavh In fork not - mabulib are also members of the HMC the former - ten pierwsry tuition - czrsne (Headmasters' and Headmistresses' overseer - nadzorca bound - wyhywievie Conference), a group of the very best to ensure - uprwnic sif pricey - drogi schools in the country, the heads to liner - nasuniecac scholarship - stypendium of which meet snncaJly to discuss remotely fun - sri lrocht rabawny all-round - wszechstronny educational matters. Many influential downside - minus emphasis - nacisk personage from around the world alternately - no przemiar miserable - nieszczfsliwy have attended tonco.otdts English to be out of bounds - slomawid slrrt zakamanq severity - suruwult public schools, and are now sending loon-host - wspOlnrganizuwac their youngsters to benefit from the end-of-term - na iakonczenie nemesis

www.diako.ir english matters 18/2009 11 culture

to make do with the Low standards of garish schools if they wanted to avoid the dangers of illiteracy, which was cumm.Qn among the lower classes until about the beginning of the igr century. Bat that's enough ofhistoryfor the time being. Suffice it to say that nowadays everyone has to go to school from the tecilier age of 5 and, providing they choose to go to sixth form college, which prepares them for the further ordeal of university, they spend the next 13 years of their life slaving awevovertheir textbooks, cram for exams and, in general, doing everything they possibly can to better their minds. Not all this time is spent in one school, there are four distinct levels of schooling, divided into years: Years 1-2 - lnfantSchool (ages 5/6-6/7) a key tudioc in turning the young in order to toughen them uQ. Later Years 3-6 - Primary School Winston into someone who had that became more frowned upon, but (ages 7/8-10/11) the guts to lead Britain through up until the late 1980s nobody would Years 7-11 - Secondary School the ti,i.th.uJent period of the Second have been in the least surprised to see (ages 11/12-15/16) World War. When the Victorians first a teacher inflict corporal ounishment Years 12-13 - Sixth Form College introduced or rim', day schools, they on notoriously naughty youngsters. (ages 18/17-17/18) based the system of state schooling Still, better such a school than no The most important exams in an around some elements taken from education at all, for it was Queen English student's career are GCSEs publicschools - the placeswhere most Victoria, who, in 1880, gave the Royal (General Certificate of Secondary of the early teachers, and especially Assent to The Elementary Education Education exams), taken after headmasters, had received their Act making schooling o.t!ligalony for Secondary School in year 11, AS education. And so canin was never all children between the ages of 5 (Advanced Subsidiary) exams, taken nfuiailusiay from and teachers were and 10. Before that, many children in year 12, and A (Advanced) levels rather encouraged to punish students living in the countryside were forced taken in year 13 - these are the ones that really make a difference when it comes to university application. Most factor - czyrrnik tender - study teenagers apply through the UCAS to have the guts to do 5th - mind odwagq coo sixth form college - dwulrtrtia uzkota (Universities & Colleges Admissions zrobic pmoyg000wuiyxa do eguonrinu doiraalusci Service) website, it costs £30 to turbulent - burzliwy ordeal - mka apply to 5 universities, and this is the ordinary - owycoajny to slave away - tynad standard, best-value choice. You apply caning - tuna cldosty to cram - wkuwab depending on your gnet!es and once to shy away - cofngd sin przed czymk tobetler - poprawid you've been accepted, you can choose to toughen sb up - aalrartowac distinct - ndnbny whichever higher education institution to frown upon - krzysuo patrood vu infant school - oerriwka (sokola ala daieci you wish to go to. And the best news? to inflict - wymiernyd, nanlad so wieka 5-7 lat( This service is not restricted to UK corporal punishment - kara cielesna subsidiary - uoupefniaivcy residents, people from all around the naughty - iiiegnneczoy application - podanie world can use it too. assent - ogoda, apinbata grade ecena stcpied As university awaits and end-of-year obligatory - obuwiankawy restricted to - ognanicauny do fever starts, no fond adieu to one's be make do with uth - oadowulic si coyms fond - cilia, catty old school would be complete without parish - parafialny prank - psikus a senior Qcdniu to ensure that one illiteracy - unalfabetyzm foamy - spienieny in never forgotten. It's traditional. common - powsoechny farewell - pnbtgnanier Bubble bath inthefountain isaclassic suffice it to say.. - systancoy pow iedored... foamy farewell, but if you're looking

12 english mallets 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir culture I

for something more innovative, I've America n culture is not the only strong languages, changing monthly. The heard from my sources that tuingJrn influence visible nowadays in British rnnci Lte.ra(l bogg(o_s, although not octoilets is very much in vogue at the schools. Many institutions around the without some degree of envy. But this present time. country are now embracing a whole is no one-way street. British schooling Pranks are also pulled at the end of range of different foreign traditions is being exported worldwide and has secondary school, where there is now and lifestyles. The ultimate example bait up a reputation for the highest a new traditior developing, provingthat may be Newbury Park Primary School standard of education. It comes as no Britain is coming dangerously cove to in Ilford, Greeter London, which offers surprise therefore, that in 2007 alone becoming America's 51 state the lessons in a roliogypieg 41 different more then 1200 new "Brit s Schools' prom. Beloved especially of the female languages (Polish among them), opened around the globe. portion of year 11, this is a dance where each language is spoken So how do we gogbost explaining the often roB in a nearby restaurant, with fluently by one or more students! immense popularity of this system a dinner beforehand, and a rented 11 mo And here comes the good part: they all over the world? Could It be pg.f to take you there. You're supposed to all learn key phrases in each others' flotusu to the sense of discipline spend ages getting ready, some girls rent dresses, others buy them, and a permission form can be signed by cling-film - folia samoprzyiegajyca whopping gigantycony parents, allowing their children to drink in vogue modsy fluently ifynnie a glass of wine dusngthe evening. The prom - balsa zakoncoenie rokii szkotnego the mind boggles - a glowie sic festivities continue until midnight, but to told siganizowac unlike in Poland, there is no traditional nearby - pobliski literally daslownie dance that inaugurates the ball, and beforehand - wcoesriei rnos razdronc

you don't necessarily need to bring permission form - tnrmularz POOWO enia togs about - zabrac siq do a date, although it might be considered festivities zabawa niinensv - agioouoy beneficial to be ready-furnished with ready-furnished is. gotowy to put down - poyp isk a dancing partner upon arrival. to embrace ebelniseac

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to a House - a smaller unit within the school, usually named after some great and famous overachiever, which span.s across all the years and is not only meant to encourage interaction with children of other ages, but also build up team spirit and camaraderie. The members of these Houses ensure pants for participation in various activities like sports or competitions. At the end of each year the points are summed up and prizes and sports trophies awarded! Even though British schools do set great store by physical education, so that being good at team sports like the much-dreaded rounders is considered pretty important, it's not all one big rat that manifests itself in the wearing of usasoably at the beginning of the day, race. Coming up to the end of the year, scratch uniforms in dull monochromatic at which it istruditionalto sing a hymn many schools host sports days which atsaclex year-round, including high or the school anthem, but this bears promote a very different kind of racing summer, since holidays start mid-July? a considerable similarity to form time, - the egg and spoon variety. Sometimes Or is it due to the different organisation due to its organisational purpose. these events are open, so if you ever of the school calendar, which is built Proper lessons start at 8:55. Around happen to come across one - don't around three at more terms and noon the rids have a long lunch hesitate to grab aspoon and run like the several mid-term breaks during the break, which they might spend inside wind, but don't drop that egg) year, on. top ..of traditional holidays like the classroom, writing lines, gyy,uujjjng By participating in such an age-old Easter and Christmas with a slightly they were careful enough to keep tradition, one finally becomes aware of shorter break in the summer? Perhaps out of detentiont for bad behaviour! why UK schooling has achieved such it is ytyyjuj.g to British schooling's being A general assssxunejit.t in all she universal and endu.rjn popularity. It characterised by a lot of attention subjects is made each half-term, and is, in the typical British style, a true paid to teaching pspils how to reason, grades are given for attainment and cocktail of old and new - thrown research, debate and analyse - not effort, along with a general report together and mined around to create so much boring cramming of pure written up by the class teacher. 21° century magic of its very own. • facts night after night? Who could Grades contribute to the points totals complain? And although the horrors of achieved by u school's Houses (think homework are known to all children, in Gryffindor under McGorlagall, Slitherin England the pressure is somewhat off under Snaps). When pupils first arrive for older pupils, who are busy studying at secondary school they are assigned for their exams. The younger children usually rnaitrt.ug in homework loads scratchy - drapircy to write lines - preepisy'rsab rdaoie (air kart) what they miss out on by having only dull - eudry to assume - zaktudari a few big end-of-module exams a year, shade - ednieri detention - .,koza" )kara pvlegajyca ru instead of regular tents, and they do due to - z powodu pozsotaniu s sakole P0 Iekuiach) spend a lot of time at school during on top of - oyrricz assessment - ocena the day. In a randomly chosen English to ewe - raedritnzuc attainment - osiagrlicie school form time usually begins at to makeup - irartrabiac to uontribute to sth - preyceyniart sic do, 8:30. This is a short period of about loads - dude iiohci wplywad ire fifteen minutes before regular lessons, to miss out or - prrngapib overachiever - usoba ositgai5cawyrriki when the whole class has a )x.r.iefio rurrrlomiy - losses iepsze ad eczekiwanych with their teacher, who takes the briefing - odyrarva, instrektuz to span - trwvrii morning r.e.gistu.r and arrange.s other register rlziennik camaraderie - keiezeristwe organizational matters. Needless to to arrange - aorgariizuwac to score points - edohywari purlrny say, many pupils tyke advantage.of oeeuiessto soy... - rzeczjasna.. niuch-dreaded - budaycy pestraulr this period to do some last-minute to rake advantage ofstv - sykureystac rounders - gra erzypsminaiqca baseball polishing up of their homework. In assembly - ebiOrka to hesitate - wavedsic some schools there is a fifteen-minute anthem - hyinir enduring - trwvly. stabilny

14 english matters 118/2009 www.diako.ir people & lifestyle I

-WMRAWCERN93

Close your eyes. Now, ehind your mother, with a hard of a list. At the end of the Middle Ages, on each of her shoulders, are the lists were replaced bytup..tr.i.es or in your imagination, Bher parents. And behind your paintings with a tree where the founder father there are his parents. Now there of a family constituted the main trunk look behind you to your are six people standing behind you. But and their doscerndarirnn became the remember, your grundpurents also had branches. right-hand side and parents. in one hundred years there hold up your hand. are, uooroximatelv, three generations. It you were able to create this picture Imagine that your of your family back to the beginning of the eighteenth century, you would mother is holding see 256 people standing behind you. In your mind you have just created the it. Look to your left. simplest genealogical tree with 256 members of your family. All of them are Another hand clasps your ancestors. Although, it may seem yours. Your father is that this vision in complicated do not forget that you have not included their holding your other children or sibjinga. If someone were to draw this scheme the picture would hand. And now look resemble the branche of a tree or a fork of lightning. In the distant past, back behind them. bjgacjyess was portrayed in the form

www.diako.ir english matters It 8/200915 people & lifestyle

the relatedness is distant, Princess Katarina has a legal right to become Queen of England (if the ninety-nine pretenders that are before her should die). Not only blue-blooded families own genealogical trees. In China there in a special Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee that iipciolen every change in the family tree of this great philosopher and thinker. The tree of Confucius is considered one of the biggest in the world. It consists of, approximately, 450 branches that portray the history of so generations. Nowadays, descendants of Confucius live all over the world. In 1995, the Committee decided to include in the tree, on equal terms with male members of this family, the first woman. LEGACY find out that there is a tr.aeu of blue- blood in your eubas. FAMILY TREES Our own identity is mostly shaped AND MEDICINE by ourselves. However, we should FAMILY TREES not forget about our own hjdaga AND NOBLES Genealogical trees are used not in the form of DNA. At the moment only to prove one's origin. Medical a human being is born it has In the past, genealogical trees were family trees play an important role a specific and unique gene pool a prsjle e of noble families and had inherited from its ancestors. This an enormous influence on their history. cjjsail.00fcrucial information from Alexander the Great was considered as the colour of one's eyes to musical a son of Zeus after the Delphic Oracle or mathematical talents. Lots of proved hisdisiosacigin. lt strength ened genetic traits are passed from his power over his brothers in arms and generation to generation. That is led to the fact that he was treated with why it is so common that there are respect by his enemies. In Japan the whole families of actors (like Donald genealogical tree of the imperial family Sutherland and Kiefer Sutherland reaches the times of rcijgfey gods. The or ion Voight and his daughter first member of this imperial dynasty is Angelina Julie) or musicians (the Jimmu - the legendary descendant of recently deceased Michael Jackson the sun goddess 4materasu. In feudal and his siblings). However, great times in Japan, the divine origin of talent, even if inherited, needs to be the aiinpanon justified his right to rule constantly exercised and improved. the Japanese nation. In countries Nevertheless, the fact that you can like the United Kingdom, where there draw or have incredible hearing in still a monarchy, family trees are in somehow connected with your crucial as they clearly fadirata who is own ancestors. The best source nest in line to the throne. The line of of information is your parents and succession to the British throne is long grandparents. So we should start and includes such a distant pretender the journey of self-discovery at as Princess Katurina of Yugoslavia who home. Who known, maybe you will is in one hundredth place. Although

16 engliuli matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir in the prevention of many serious grow properly, people guano to know illnesses such as different kinds their origins. Creatng your identity is Real cool of cancer or haemophilla. These a long and arcjue.gu process which Y hookar I diseases are often passed on with without knowledge about the pest the genes by one or both parents. It may be impossible to complete is crucial to know who is a oa.r.ri.e.r of the affected chromosome to be able CELEBRITIES to predict the possibility of fgflaog,jll. AND POLISH ROOTS Even the British Royal Family has its own medical famiytree that portrays Natalie Portman (Leon and Star the line of haemophiliacs from Wars I, II, Ill) ber pate rnulancestors Queen Victoria's gujgn. This disease were Polish Jews who immigrated to was even called The Royal Disease Israel during the Second Word War, as it was mostly encountered in Scarlett Johansson (Lost in noble families. Nowadays. medical Translation and Girt with a Pearl family trees can show those Earring) her grandparents from members of a family that are prone her mother's side were from Poland, ,5 to various go.ngenital illnesses however, they decided to emigrate that have occurred in the family in to America before the Second World previous generations. Knowing your War. - own medical family tree can save Te kti0° t your life. Sources: • hnp//mww.dnaarcesrryprvject.com FAMILY TREES • http.//wwvv.britroyals.com/succession.htmi- AND TECHNOLOGY • Avoncva-TiuntSeVar Veie iv. Ciyae Freeman Herrea. Haenroprnira: rhe RoyaiOrsease. - Many of us will recall making Or: http://www.sciencecase.orVhemo/ bema.asp a family tree during a history lesson • H nhsa News Agency. 2006 Women to by at primary school - an interesting Included in Contusion Family Tree On activity with a piece of paper, several HOp://oww.chrrra org cn engiish/cuiture/ photos and some glue. However 17579e.rrm this technique is not so efficient if • Some Encyiriopedra Powszechea PWNvni. we want to create a genealogical 3. Warszawa 2004 tree that portrays more than two gennrat ons. In an era of information technology paper trees are being www.collorfullmedila. 31 replaced by electronic ones. There Oak" are Internet portals that create virtual genealogical trees and help you to find members of your tarn ly. This way of tracing ancestors is nothing short of revolutionary as the Internet is a medium that embraces the whole globe. Although it may seem a simple free time activity, its growing popularity shows how much people need to anchor themselves )tr.tmy in the past. Genetic Genealogy is a portal that helps not only in tracing your ancestors but also in discovering the a= of your surname. In Poland the portal Naaza Rodzina, which is still under construction, aims to create networks of genealogical trees that can be connected with each other. Just like trees reed strong roots to

www.diako.ir leisure

MP3 by Marta Ludwiczak-Odziemska I

The domino - "a fiat rectangular block (of wood or plastic) whose face is divided into two equal parts that are blank or bear from one to six dots arranged as on dice faces" (http://www.merriam- webster.com). A simple definition of a simple game we all have known very well since our early childhood. And yet, so much can be done with them...

he game of dominoes is be- Some say it is a form of art, others call This way, the event becomes a truly lieved to have originated in it a teem sport or just a TV show - but fascinating show that attrectu not only T Chine. The oldest domino vets Domino Day is certainly an impressive those who want to watch It, but also probably date from around 1120. uoclertaking that entails the inycijv- those who are willing to prepare it. The game was popularized in Europe oaecl of many people. The initiator of Every year more tiles are arranged (is Italy first( around the 1811 century the event, Robin Paul Weijers of the in order to set a new iecoici The and it has enjoyed popularity among Netherlands, is also referred to as Mr breaking of the record is broadcast by both children end adults ever since. In Domino, a title he undoubtedly de- television stations in the Netherlands, the pest, domino pieces were made serves. Domino Day has been organ- Austria, Germany, Belgium, Hungary, of ivory or animal bone and the dots ized in November annually since 1998 Greet Britain, Slovakia, Poland (since (also celled oiaa) were on insets. (except 2003) in the Netherlands and 2005) and Russia. You can imagine how beautiful they the onimeup idea behind It is to topple Preparations for Domino Day begin must have been. Today, though, the record-breakingsumber of domino long before November, with iouiont- ides are not quite so elegant, but they pieces. Maybe it would not be so (tug a theme and deciding on the can be used it much more sciphisti- extraordinary or interesting if it were images that will be presented. Then, ceteci ways, for instance in order to not for the fact that every Demise Day number of trials are made, in order organize a show that aJrno...et break- has a central theme and the domino to see whether everything will work ing world records! This show is celled tiles are arranged so that after top- fine onD-day. And finally, volunteers Domino Day. pling they form images related to it. from serious countries arrange all the

18 english matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir rxiiuiu i During preparations for Jince 2006, Slow Stones Domino Day 2005, a spas have been used during The 2008 Domino Day theme was row flew jn Frisian Expo Domino Days. These are large Celebrating 10 years of Domino Center, toppling over trensoerent tiles filled with col- Day - Breaking More World Records 23.000 domino piece ourful powder - they work like Than Ever". In fact, 10 records were Luckily enough, one of th an totggIgs, giving organizers set, including- blockades prepared by) me to show commercials, do in- the organizers otce.vented Hirviews, replayfj,from earlier The biggest number of dominos the whole construction from stages of the show or select build- toppled (4,345,027 pieces) falling. The bird was shot, which inn- ers for the spec ialchallenges. - The longest domino spiral (200 ni) mediately fijiggered protests from The highest domino climb (12 m( animal rights activists. Eventually, The theme of Domino Day 2009 will - The smallest tile 7 mm tall) a minute's silence was 0oted to be "The World in Dominoes - the - The biggest tile (4.8 'n tall). the bird's memory before the event Show with the Flow", was officially opened and the exter- Every year the dominos are sec up by minator who shot the sparrow was If you want to find out more and even volunteers from all over Europe (last punished with a fine of EUR 200. learn about techniques for setting year there were 85 young people from up dominoes successfully, go to the 13 countries and it took them 8 weeks In 2006, one of the Dutch radio following websito: to set them all up), You can find job of- stations promised a reward for http://www.domivodomain.nl/calJl. fers for builders online (unfortunately, a saboteur who managed to topple the it is too late to get involved in Domino dominoes before the date date. Fortu- MP3 Day 2009. but you can try nest year). nately, nobody cfarec( - or succeeded,

www.diako.ir leisure Foxhuntili.g All Old British Tradition

by Michat Mazurkiewicz L0-al l

i

Introduction Fox hunting was finally shaped in the trolled in other ways like snanog. poi- Foshunting - an old sport, with its roots 18111 century from the traditions of soning and shooting.4 Roger Scruton, in ancient times, is very often auuo.ci upper-class hunts, and is nowadays famous philosopher, fox hunter and ated_with Great Britain, as it was fjW often practised in exclusive horse rid- defender of the English countryside. guunUy described in English literature ing clubs, being also a major tourist the author of "On Hunting: A Short (by George Eliot, Anthony Trollope and attraction.' Polemic', states: -'...nobody should others). When we think of this sport, pretend that if we don't control fox what comes to our minds is the tradi- A Controversial Sport populations in that way, we won't do it tional hunting attire (like stontut coats During recent years, a great number in some other way, and the question and Onuachas) and the spectacular of people have begun to consider this is whether any other way would be chase by men and dogs through the sport as cruel and bloodygame.Nu- better from the foxes' point of view, British countryside. It is part of British merous protests by ecologists (for ex- and myviewis - having looked at the heiltage, but whether to continue this ample from the League Against Cruel matter from as many sides as possi- tradition or not is now a burning issue. Sports) resulted in the pesaung of the ble - that it wouldn't be better."' Protection of Wild Mammals Act in Scruton also tries to explain in anoth- Historical Outline Scotland in 2002 and The Hunting er way the motives of the opponents In England, hunting with bounds was Act in England in 2004. at foohunting, calling them in fact popular before the arrival of the Ro- The acts were based on the convic- the enemies of tradition: "what does mans. The earliest known foshunt ti.on that huntingwith the use of dogs I think pnjryanjl motivate people in with hounds was in 1534, when farm- is inhumane and, apart from that, hostility to Old England "6 ers in Norfolk, England, began chasing destroys the natural environment. down faces with their dogs as a means On the other hand, the defenders of Illegal, but... of geyt control.' foshunting - apart from seeing its In the lute 17th century - when in the beauty - claim that foxes are te_ccdn, Theoretically, foahunting is now il- forests there were fewer and fewer big- are generally disliked by farmers legal. However, It is still practised. ger animals. like deer - the fox began and it is necessary to reduce their Some people were punished for to be seen as an animal worth hunting number. They are of the opinion that illegal hunting (the first one was for sport.' if there is no hunting. foxes are con- Tony Wright from Exmoor, fined 500

20 engliuh matters 118/2009 www.diako.ir leisure

I As for the LISA, this sport has existed roots - koruenne there since colonial days. Eves Ames to associate sth with uth - kojarzyf cog zczymf can presidents (George Washington frequently czçsto and Themes Jefferson) kept the i r own attire - stro] aacvs of bounds. Interestingly, fee scarlet - szkantatny breeches brycoesy hosting is very often practised in the heritage dziedziotwn form of coyote hunting. There are also burningissue - pnIcytemat grayiox and bobcat h u nts.10 outline - sokic, zarys pounds), in the case of others it was American foxhunting is regarded as round - piesgoriozy difficult to find utufficient proof and a milder form of the British variety, pest - sekodnik they were acgxitteG.' as the fox is never killed. The bunters deer - jelen Fea r of being purished has made hunts content themselves with the fact that narneraus - liczny more covert. No dates, times or venues the fox enters a hole in the ground, passing to. proyjocie ustawy) for meets are given and no notices are for this reason it is often called fox conviction - pnzekonanie posed is vi age pubs and commu iiaarug. inhumane - nieludzki, okrutny nity centres. Nevertheless, many village Other countries where fox hunts are vermin - szkodnik communities all over Great Britain still organized are Canada (some prey- to snare- zastawicsidla keep up traditions and support local incas of British Columbia.. Manitoba, primarily- pnzedewszpsttsim h v nts.e We can therefore say that of- Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia have hostility - wrogesri tempts aimed etotarnping..mg hunting annual fox hunts), Australia (especially toline - ukaracgnzywnq in Brte 1 n have xofan bee e unsaccessfu. the state ofVctora( and India. U suftioieot - wystarczajcy ______to acquit - uniewinnid kdunetepo FXH3315 ceutrt - potajnmny Fox Hunting venue - mieisce www.cnlnrfulmndia.pl J OM notice - ugtoszenre Outside the UK com m unity center - done kultury Apart from Great Britain, as far as 1 t ASCo. The Things you Stint Know.... attempt prfba Europe is concerned, foxhunt ng http/ ova guard an teak to stamp out - wypieeic o practised - though on a smaller 2 http://www.icons.org.uk 3 W. L pons ki. ErnyklopedtaSpimtowswiato to conduct- prueprowadzif scale - in France and Italy. In these 4. About Fonhuntorg, http;//www.mfho.cxm to outlaw - zakazad, zdelegaiizowac countries it also faces opposition. In S Interview with lnngnrscrutxn, pack - sfona France, for instance, the members htt p.,//www.icons.org.uk 6 ibid. greyfoa - iiswirginijski of Rassemb/ement des Opposanto W. L vxnsk, nnnyk)opnao Spoutxw Satiate bobcat - ryti rudy de la Chasse ceocj.uct information 8 Tmes Huntrngrtvnes. but ueu Coats are ntilder - lagadniejszy campaigns against hunting. In Sw t- ucusouey htt stats otsesxnire. e.uk 9 Fox Hunting Wnnvlw tin, to content oneself with stIr - zadnwolibsiyczymf zerland and Germany hunting with http://news.bbc.ca.uk/l/hi/uk428122-stm fox chasing - pofonzatisem hounds is cjgxrggi.° me tieootvoovuvtog. 5tp. 000.mfhu xc annual donocony

Najtañsza w Poisce godzina naukijçzyka TELL MORE" Dopasowany idealnie do Ciebie

10F

Am

www.diako.ir vocabulary ENERGY

open-pitmine - kopalrria odkrywkowo ground surface - pvwierzclrsia naziemno taco - canto proonlku bench - warstwa wybierania overburden - radktad ramp - rampa ore - zasoby ztoba crater - krater haulage road - chodnik pnzrw000wy

dump - wysypisko roof - strop podktadu trench - rOw mechnical shovel - koparlva bucketwhrnl excavator - koparka kobovva conveyor - przenosnik belt loader - tadowarka tavnnowa buld000r - spycharka jackleggrill - dwiderpneumatyczny pneu mat! cgrill - mlot p neu matyczny

lift - szyb wyciqgowy ore pass - asypora hearltrame - wieda wyciygowa panel - pvlewybierania vertical shaft - uryb piouvevy landing - p0000so odbiorcoy pithead - mieba szybowa bottom rood - chednik na spodku minding shaft - ddwig wyrobiska top road - chsdn ilk nuszczyciewyrobiska drift - sztolniu deck - poniom eksploatacyjny winne - sayb miydzypokladowy skip - kubel wyciugu szybowege cross cut - przekup

drilling rig - urzydzenio wirrtniczo drill pipe - mra wiertnicza derrick - wieba wiertnicoa travelling block - wciygnik dnillingdrawworks - kntowrdtmirntniczy mud pump - pampa odmulajopta mud injection hose - wyz odmulajcy vibrating mvdscrven - mirurjycr siro odnxutajfce

22 english matters I 1 8/2009 www.diako.ir vocabulary RG IA oil processing area - sekcja rafineryjea helipad - lydowisko heliluopterdw anchor wires - lancuchykotwicene gas lift module - moduf wytrysku gaza flare - odwietlenie sygnalizocyjne oil/gas separator - separator gazowy hull luolunnn - kadfub stabilizacyjny productioo/eoport riser system - system wydobywczo-przesyfowy export pipeline - nnrocifgprzosyfOwy template - stopa offshore drilling - wiercenio podwoolee jack-up platform - platforma windowana hoed platforms - platfonma stala semi-submersible platform - platforma pfywajgca hydroelectric complex. drill ship - statek wiertniczy - kompleks hydroelektryczny ometgencysuportvessel - barka ra tow niczo-przeladunkowa hydroelectric powerstotion - elelutrownia wodna powa cyjna irowa Wawa epina Irowa oriole agla wod niowy uodey rzacy

solar energy - energia sloneczna solar power station - elektrowoia sfoneczoa solar cell - ogniwn sfoneczne flat-plate solar collector - ufaski kolektor sloneczny solar radiation - promieniowanie sloneczne heat exchanger - wymiennik ciepfa

www.diako.ir english matters 18/2009 23 Kabbalah Center on Robertson Boulevard in Los Angeles, California

rAz e, a d5 Ovar ef rttj~ n by Maria Dasiewic75

What do such celebrities as Madonna, Demi Moore, Paris • attending a Kabbalah conference Hilton, David and Victoria Beckham and Elizabeth Taylor in Israel and celebrating the have in common (apart from their belonging to a class of Jewish new year, • announcing herself an idolized individuals)?i iduals)? They appear to have nd v ambassador for Judaism to the developed a special likin for everything connected with world, despite her not bei rig Jewish, the Jewish Kabbalah, and they have taken to wearing • recording the album Ray of Light, red stung bracelets or Star of David necklaces. Other which contains elements of commonly sported amulets Include the so-called Atlantis Kabbalistic worship in her songs, • firrally,chaxgixghernemeto ring, the Five elements ring, the Ephod stones ring or King Esther. (the name of the Queen Solomon's amulets. who saved her people, the Jews, from extermination - see the owadays, in an age of relative (Madonna), "reveals the value of your S,crajj of Esther in the Bible). religious tolerance, many have worth"(Dew Moore), and helps you in Others like Britney Spears, Jeff Gold- N bee n attracted tovariousforms reorgsnisingyour life, blum. Liz Taylor or Ashton Kutcher of religious belief and worship, such Madonna's tosdinass for Jewish have taken up the popular version as Wicca, New Age. Scientology and culture, Judaism and Kabbalah has of the Kabbalah as well. As Jennifer traditional Jewish Kabbalah. The last been manifested by her: Miner writes in her article on the fan- one in particular seems to be enjoying • sporting Kabbalah red string cination with the Kabbalah among growing popularity with celebrities, as bracelets that are supposed to celebrities, the rich and the famous it "helps to achieve spiritual clarity" keep the evil eve at ban, "rush to the Los Angeles-based -lab-

24 english matters 118/2009 www.diako.ir people & lifestyle - balah Centre like the elderly to Friday Rough y a four-thou- Adam, through Abra- night bingo tables. The Centre is sand-year old mystical ham, Isaac, Jacob, a working institution located in over movement wiithici Juda- Joseph and Moses, fifty places all over the world and its ism, the traditional and has been irene- main gQ.al is to introduce participants Kabbalah is.preoc- S)14 mitteci orally to pupils to arcane knowledge of the Kabbalah, cupied with studying by their masters and an ancient spiritual movement within the works of Jewish teachers. A number Jewish mysticism. mystics, especially of metaphysical and Nevertheless, the widespread prac- the Zohar book (The mathematical discus- tice of popular Kabbalah among Book of Light), which is sions and cieJibera- the famous, and Madonna's self- a commentary on the IJQflS were written in declaration as an ambassador for biblical test published in Italy, 1558. Hebrew or Aramaic, as they are based Judaism have mcanseul Orthodox Its supposed iris igal is Shimon Bar on a mysterious aspect of the Hebrew Jews with the celebrities who want Yohai, a rabbi living in ancient Israel, alphabet, and the "hidden" names to penetrate the secrets of the Kab- who developed mystical powers. This of God. Hence, when translated, balah. Rabbis are disgusted and have and other Kabbalistic works entoim Kabbalah usually loses its meaning. frequently made strong comments nane an immerusely vast, detailed The same itself has its origin in on the situation. One rabbi said: "It is and coherent vision of our relation- Hebrew kabbala, with the Hebrew a known fact in Kabbalah that jgu- ship to the entfto world, revealing coot kbl meaning to receive", city and evil are inherently attracted the laws governing the universe and to get', "to ejn, But obtain to uanctjt. That's why people of the human soul. Being reputedly the what? According to Kabbalists, Hollywood, a place of inigui and oldest set of teachings in the world, the main point of Kabbalah is the laxciyiottsnesa, are naturally attracted it takes its origin from the times of notion of receiving and being to the h,nthene of Kabbalah." Also Rabbi Allan Nadler, a professor of religious studies, writes in the New York Post that the Kabbalah of A-Rod and Madonna has nothing in common with the philosophical and religious doctrines developed by Jewish mys- tics in the Spain of medieval times, Rather "it is a vulgar distortion" and self-promoting abuse of an ancient, noble canon of Jewish mystical teach- ings and beliefs'. For instance, the classes held by the Kabbalah Centre keep drumming into the heads of the participants that they shouldn't bother with their ugjssrent ignorance of Hebrew letters and Jewish writings, although these constitute the sole basis for the Kabbalah teachings and meditation. What the participants are expected to do is only examine the let- ters illiteratel, participate in the tasks and games and g.utjjp money for ses- sions. All this is supposed to make you feel good and happy aboutyourse If, to help you find your purpose is life and to create o rder out of chaos in you rlife, let aine the fact that it gives you, as a celebrity, an opportunity to "go.cu.on the best and most visible pubilci." This, in turn, is in sharp distinction of "the deeply humble and God-fearing ideals of classical Kabbalah," remarks Nadler.

www.diako.ir english matters 118/2009 25 i- people & lifestyle

e,.clonitt,eti into the everlasting light, with the Light as the most perfect metaphor for infinity, constituting the centre of all Kabbalistic modes of behaviour, study, prayer, rituals and meditation. One is supposed to feel the dynamics and energy filtering through and emanating from all living beings, and receive the everlasting light in order to function in the world. A Kabbalah student is called mekubat "the one that has been admitted", rather than the expected "receiver"/ 'ruciptecit' mekabel of the tradition. This is explained by the fact that Kabbalah is not based on solitary meditation but is practised within a group of participants, treuiico the Kabbalist is a person that has been accepted by all the members of the group - the initiated. Deeply rooted in ancient thought, meditation and science, the Kabbalah survived millennia as a subject of there are various schools of thought and natural phenomena, this study of the chosen few (students had advocating different world-views and inexhaustible source of energy to be at least forty years old), with its ways of becoming closer to God, the resides in the centre of all Kabbalistic arcane knowledge being transferred so-culled Fir? Sof (infinity). Hence, the thought, meditation and ritual. One of from a master to a disciple. Hence, it study of Kabbalah is envisioned as the theories envisions the energy/the is oerceived as "an esoteric oftatiacti an arduous lifelong process, more light/ God permeating the whole of Judaism". The huge di.vei:sitt of often than not likened to a journey universe by means often emanations ideas and theories within Kabbalah of man towards understanding and of energy - sefiron - which were has been narrowed down to certain ru.cupli.ocn of the everlasting light used to create the universe. Various tents like Zohar, and Isaac Loris's (God) - the inexhaustible source of meanings have been ascribed to the ucu,aob of Kabbalistic thought, still energy circulating all over the world term sefirah over the centuries, apart the scope of the raised issues by the and (rnpectipg vitality to all beings. from its literal meaning of "counting", Jewish mystic sages has been barely As the source of the creation of others like "test', "boundary", limited. Because of this diversity, the universe, all living creatures "scribe", "sapphire', "luminary" or "brilliance" are possible. Following the Kabbalistic doctrine of Isaac Luria, one of the most prominent Jewish mystics. the Setirot were emanations of God's power used in the process of creation of the world and the whole universe. They are defined as revelations of God's will, and act as trsnsmitters of life-giving energy and vitality necessary for all life processes to take place. These ten emanations include: • Keter ("crown") - the source of/ the first impulse to do something.

• Chochmub ("wisdom') • Binuh ("intelligence", "understanding") • Chesed ("mercy,/ loving kindness", "gmcu"(

26 english matters 118/2009 www.diako.ir people & lifestyle

• Gevurah/ Din (strength", numerical value of 41. Now, the sum answer seemingly unanswerable "it") of these two words equuls exactly the questions. e.g. bow is it possible • Tiferet/ Rachamim ('harmony" of numerical value of the word child" for the world to exist, since God is the previous two sefirot, beauty') - 44. everywhere, or how is it possible • Netzacv )'slcto')'. 'triumph, that God formed the world out of 'patience" and God's teign over father mother nothing when nothingness does rot the world) exist? According to Habbalists, in the aw em • Hod 'splendour', 'glory') beginning there was the e((j(lln, • Yesod/ Toadik (power", X:1 Rn infinite and absolute reality (God), foundation' - ability to transfer alef bet alef-mem there was no place for nothingness. gained knowledge, skills, etc.) 1+2 1+40 as the "Absolute-All" existed. And • Mulkhuth ('kingdom) 3 41 yet, there is something which does All these take pert in transmission of not belong to the absolute bong sariouskindsof energy indispensable of God - it is our world. These and for existence of all beings. Each of many other questions are taken the tea spheres is symbolised by up by the Jewish mystics in their jelled a gives letter of the Hebrew alphabet schools of thought. and human body parts The renewed interest in tabba ab In Kabbaluh the Hebrew letters are jod-la med-dalet among non-Jewish people, especially of iij.or importance, as they are 10+30+4 celebrities. is usually anoversirnro fiod endowed with sacred meaning and 44 version of the original mystical Jewish are supposed to be a channel to ore, which focuses solely on the self the life force emanating from God. The above examples are only and one's well being. The practices of What is more, each of the letters simple representations of the basic the traditional Kabbulah are rather of the Hebrew alphabet has also rules within Gematriu. The study complex, require u lot of effort to be a particular numerical value, hence of the numerical value of words put into study and form some kind the words comprised of Hebrew has developed into a separate of a secret, hence the rnosiiseiJWng letters have a numerical value of brunch of study and investigation and mysterious aspect of Kubbalafr their own. The practice of assign in within h)abbuluh, often involving to the non initiated. On the other numerical value to the letters and complex mathematical calculations. hand, one should bear (iiumind that finding o r" between words Although some instances of the celebrities are always on the look- with the same value is known as use of Gematria appeared in other out fo better and better means of Gematria, and it may reveal a hidden languages, e.g. Spanish. Arabic and drawing attention to themselves, and meaning behind the sacred texts. Greek, Hebrew occupies the chief do not nocessar lyfollow the relgious e.g. the Torah. A simple example of position of a language applied for precepts imposed by a given religion. application of Gematria rules occurs calculations of numerical values Therefore, studying Kabbalab may when you translate words into the of particular words, prayers and be viewed as a trannjts.rti fashion appropriate numbers assigned to blessings. which adds some sense of unique- particular letters, For instance, Apart from studying and finding ness and mystery, reinforced by Hebrew word herajon denotes new meanings for and establishing the rapidly growing industry of pregnancy" and has the numerical links between separate Hebrew Kabbalistic jewellery. Probably the value of 271. words, Ftabbalah endeavours to most popular Kabbalistic amulet 11110

H+R-FJ+O+N 5 + 200 + 10 C 6 + 50 271

This number equals exactly the number of days in pregnancy, i.e. 9 months o (roughly) 30,11111 days - 271. Another example is a bit more complex but very interesting. In Hebrew the word for "father" is aw, with the numerical value of 3, and for "mother" - em, with the

27 www.diako.ir english matters 1812009 people & lifestyle

is the Kabbalah red string bracelet I As Rachel was not envious of worn o n the left wnist, whose male her sister Leah's good fortune, purpose is to ward off negative in a similar way one prays that energy and protect the wearer other people will not envy from the influence of the one's successful and pros- Evil Eye (Hbr. Ayin ha-Rah). perous life. Also, following Worn by Madonna, Demi the example of Rachel one Moore and other celebrities may pray for the childless passionately interested in to have children, or for the popular forms of the the ill, asking for speedy ltabbalah, the red string recovery; bracelet has become a must • The string is a symbol of among their fats as well. God's renewed "threads of The red string bracelet is grace" for each day; supposed to shield you from • The rod colour in supposed the Evil Eye, i.e. unfriendly, to symbolise the relationship jealous eyes which create umitacir between man and his MJmo to your realizing your full potentie, (the Hebrew word for "red" has and help you to be successful in the same root as the words for whatever you want to achieve. a deeper, symbolically multiple mean- "earth", "man" and "blood"); According to the mystic teachings of ing, rooted in Judaism. • The circling of the stone with the the Rabbaish, the power of the Evil According to Jewish lore, a red string string seven times stands for Eye shouldn't be underestimated is moturici seven times around the the seven days of the week, and (sooner or later it will get you, no stone marking the situ of Rachel's symbolises one's need for God's matter where you go), but you btaiialduringthe recitation of various constant protection; should couie bat the evil influences in Hebrew prayers. Then the string is • The significance of the left band order to reduce negativity from your cut so that it forms a bracelet to be is supposed to remind one of the life for good. What is more, you can worn on the left hand - a symbol of necessity to overcome one's self- 'tr.oet" particular areas of your life request for blessings and physical ish urges. which seed mom/n of some kind and spiritual protection. The exact As you probably have figured out with the red string bracelets, as timing and origin of the custom yourself, wearing the red string they are supplied with medallions is not known. Still, as in so many bracelet is not about getting what endowed with mystical force to other cases in Jewish religion and you want and fulfilling your selfish meet your specific needs. All Jn...all, mysticism, attention to the flint and misguided wishes, but rather it it sounds a little far-fetched and detail is extremely important. indicates your will to open yourself a bit s.beliom. The tradition of wearing • Rachel, e Hebrew name related to up to God's blessings, and helps a red string round one's wrist has another word: "a Iamb", denotes you to be mindful of the need for been practised over many centuries humility and reminds one of the strife to become a better person in Jewish circles, and like everything need to humble oneself before through your acts of random kind- in the life of a pious Jew, it has God; ness,

Tajemnice Kabaly, Marc-Alain Ouaknin Essential Judaism, George Robinson http://www.associatedcontent.com http://www.kabbalahcerver.com/ kabbulah_roets.asp vtnp://emol.orglemclub/?q=redstring http://www.nypest.com http://www.judsism.com http://www.israelwatalog.com

28 engliuh matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir culture

Po-lin. In Hebrew this means hey lived alongside their Polish to flee - uciekad plague - demo "here we live". That is what, neighbours, until the tragic T events of the 20v century, the to grant uname - aotladimin/nazwn according to the legend, Holocaust, which smashed this world to smash stb to smithereens - rozbiOwd rob ny mok Jews said on coming to Po- to smithereens. Jewish presence in Poland, paradoxically, is marked dilapidated - zriszczsnv land in the 13 century, hav- by its absence. No longer existing estate - pnsiadlndf synagogues, dilapidated cemeteries - to take over - preelyd ing pogroms and the fled kirkuts, Jewish estates taken over and oblivion - tapomnirnie iaue in Germany. Thus their owners led to ofajivion, and their to deny - raproecaad bleak - ponury they granted the Jewish existence denied in many oases - the post-war Jewish landscape seems poignant- ee005eaipcy, preejmojiycy name to Poland. For many rather fatualo and poignant. Some soy to capture - uchwycid community - spotecansdd centuries they "grew" into this is no longer the world of living; it has turned into a world of graves. the Polish landscape and Po-lin is also a title of the recent film created their own world and directed by Jolanta Dylewoke. Po-lin. Slivers of Memory, which capture the culture here. world of the Jewish communities No-

english matters 18/2009 29 www.diako.ir culture

in pro-war Poland. Servo_s of this an- avoided. Rabbis extended this list for the day of Divine judgment, and nihil ated world were preserved thanks with a set of tasks called azharot prayer for a fruitful year. The major to Jewish emigrants, mostly to the US, which resemble the forbidden customs of Rush Hashanah include who bar ngtheir visits to Poland, used activities and can in this way lead to the aucuntliog of the shofar (the ram's thei r 16m" movie cameras fil ming breaking the commandments. One bom( in the middle of a long syna- the simple scenes of daily life in black of the forbidden tasks is harvesting, gogue service that focuses on the and white. Po- in is an evidence that which also means pJgjtyiflg flowers, festival themes, and elaborate meals the Jewish word has not disappeared berries, mushrooms or fruit, and at home to inaugurate the New Year, altogether. It has been preserved not any tank involving the removing of The prayer liturgy is augmented with only in the shots but also in the rich plants. The Azharot adds to this list prayers of repentance. traditions and customs which are still climbing a tree, because one might Eight days after Rosh Hashanah, Yom observed by the Jewish communities break a ju_r,gpi,euj and this would be Kippur in observed. It is the Day of in Poland and around the word. Let us similar to pick ngug3cr leaves and Atonement. In three passages in the look at the m i in close us. thus plants. Task number .db is fight- Torah, the Jewish people ore told "the Jewish festivals are the landmarks ing a fire. This also includes putting tenth day of the seventh month is the by which Jews mark the passing of on light and swi tching on or off any day of atonement. It nba I Ibe a sacred the year. They are very much a part electrical appliance. Devout Jews occasi on for you: You shall practice of dail y life: on the street, in the bsfe many hours to festi ve family self-denial". Fasting in regarded as school system and in synagogues tenatu and services in the synagogue fulfilling this commandment. The lev- and homes. One of the best known on that day and observe these rules el of public uoerrinityin Israelon Yom and most important hol y days for ngdy. Kippur arirpaoses that of any other Jews is Shabbat (Sabbath - the Pooh Hashanah in a holiday which festival, including Rosh 1-las/nasa/n. weekly day of rest) which is observed marks the beginning of the Jewish The country comes o a complete halt on Saturdays and on which they are New Year. The term Posh Hashanah, for 25 hours oaththis day; places of en- to abstain from any kind of work. "beginning of the year," is rabbinical, tertainment are cloned, there are no There is a list of 39 activities, based an are the formidable themes of the television or radio broadcasts, public on biblical sources, which should be festival: repentance, preparation transport is suspended, and even the roads are closed. It is customary on

scrap - skrnwek, resctka repentance - skrucha the days before Yom Kippur to seek

annihilated - eninacavey, uiiiuestwiony divine judgment - vd boski out friends and family whom you to preserve zachnwac to sound sth zadcwcos incuciguci and personally nan them for altogether caikiem ram - baron forgiveness. There are a few ways to shot- ujçcre elaborate - wysoakariy mark this special day: to observe tradition - zachoaywaittradycjg to augment - nwigksoyc • Many wear white as a symbol of custom awyceaj atonement - pokota p_aty in close-up - W zbliieriiu self denra wyrzeczenie •No food or drink is consumed for landmark pun ktzwrntry to fast - p056 25 hours rest - edpoczyriek solemnity - podniesfosc, puwaga • No make-up or perfume is warn to abstain from sth - posstraymac si to surpass - przekraczac • No sex of coegos to come to a halt - zatrzynnac sit • No batting Rob rabin to suspend yaw esic Five days later, Sukkot Is cel ebrated. to extend - rozszeroyc customary - trudycyinv, zwyczaiows Sukkot is a Hebrew name for Ixiotfie

task - vodanie to wrung oh - wyrzdoc komos kroywd or huts and refers to the Jewish

commandment - praykozanie purity - ciystosc festival for the full harvest, as well to harvest - obierac pluny booth - kab na, buda as a commemorati on of the forty to pick abierac hut chata years of Jewish wandering in the branch garde to refer to sth - odnosic sig tin czegod desert after Si nai. Tens of thousands twig - fatneha commemoration - upamittainnie of househol ders and businesses to switch on/off - wlaczyc/wylczyc wandering - wtdrowka eceuti ouikkot - booths for temuorory appliance - vezgdzenie householder - wiasciciel, glowa rodziuy dwstri resembling the booths devout psbodny to erect - wznle~d in which the Israelites lived In the to devote - pnswicac temperary dwelling - tynnctasowe miesakanie desert, after their exodus from festive switecmny to prescribe - okredlic Egypt. The Torah does not pr,seuc,fle feast ucota whet foods should be eaten in the service iiabozenstwo barley - inceinien sukkot, but over time, grejos, fruits, rigidly - rygarystycanie and vegetables such as beiJin, formidable ngramniy date - daktyi lentils, dates, melons, cucumbers,

30 english matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir culture

booin and noisemaking every time Haman's name is read aloud. Over the centuries, Haman has become the embodiment of every anti-Semite in every land where Jews are p oaaxd. Purim these days is an utfin mstion of Jewish survival against all the odds. In Israel schools are closed, public festivities abound, newspapers run hoax items reminiscent of April Fools' Day, children land adults) put on costumes. Orthodox Jews indulge in inebriation, within limits, and curry ot,rt an usuctfeg list of duties: giving of aims, evening and morning readings of the 5tQJj of Esther, and exchange of delicacies. According to the Tal- mud, on that day one should reach such a condition that they cannot distinguish between the words of arur Human (cursed Haman) and baruch Mordechai (blessed Mordechai). The most popular Purim food is Hamans' and wild onions - all staJilius of the Purim stands Out among other holi- ears also know as Human's pockets. Mediterranean diet - came to figure days because of its joyful nature. It These are sweet dumplings, resem- prominently in the holiday celebration. occurs in early spring and relates to bling pockets, which are stuffed with Traditional Sukkot foods are often the basic story of Purim, taken from p000yaeeds. rolled or stuffed, symbolizing the the Book of Esther. Under the rule of These are not all the Jewish festivals abundance of the holiday harvest, King Ahashuerus, Haman, the Kings and holidays. Jewish culture and tra- and prepared as casseroles, which prime minister, olottaulto exterminate dition abounds in them. They are ob- are easily transported from the all of the Jews of Persia. However, his served everywhere Jewish communi- kitchen to the sukkot. plan was foiled by Queen Esther and ties live, not only among devoutly reli- One of the best known Jewish her uncle Mordechai, who ultimately gious ones, but also by secular Jews. holidays is Chanukah, also know saved the Jews from destruction. The Jewish festivals and customs show as the Festival of Lights, a joyous reading of the Book of Esther is cus- that the Jewish world is still vibrant eight-day celebration during which tomary, which is outnctuated by loud and loyal to its old ways. Jews commemorate the victory of the Macabees over the armies of staple - padstuwowo po±ywionin to boo - wygwiadut Syria in 165 BCE and subsequent rolled - zwiiany embsuiment - uciulednienie liberation and rededication of the stuffed - nuolniewany to oppress - gnvbid, ciemigiyd leunyJa in Jerusalem. The central abundance - cxbfitnic affirmation - pntwierdaenie fadilax of this holiday is the lighting casserole - zapiekanka hoax - basal of candles in chanukiah, a special subsequent - nastqpny, kelejry rem iniscxnt atsth/sb - pnzypominaf cog/ menorah (an eight-stemmed cande- rededication - psnnwrnposwiqnrxnie kogni labrum) each evening - one on the temple - daIutynia to indulge in - pozaaiai sabie vu first night, two on the second, and feature - cecha inebriation - upsienie alkoholowu so on - in commemoration of the eight-stemmed candelabrum - oimiorumieony to carry out - wpknnywud miracle at the Temple. The modern kandelabr exacting - wynaga(qcy celebration of Chanukah also cent- unique - charakterystycany alms - latmodnu ers on unique foods, laCkus and latke - placki aieniniaczane (charaklerystyczne jelly doughnuts, and special songs dla kuchni ±ydowskiej) to distinguish between sth and sth - raaniuuiud and games. Each day Flock of Ages, praise - chwala, cueki pomitdzy czymk a cayms a hymn of orsJsu to God, is sung af- to stand out - wyrObniadsig cursed - pnaeklqty ter each nights lighting of the can- to plot - spiskowat blessed - blagnslaaiany dles. The Hanukiah symbolizes how to foil - udaremnid. pokrzytoaad dumpling - klusku God looked after the Jewish people ultimately - astatocaoio poppy seeds - oak at this difficult time. to punctuate - nasapikuwad vibrant - tttniqcy dyciernr

www.diako.ir english matters 118/2009 31 people & lifestyle

LO HAS - Lifestyles of Health and Sustainabilitv by Maria Tokarz

Ecology and taking care of the sustainabilitt' - nienarusuanie like-minded - padobrrio mydlpcy environment have become very popular mwnowagr ekologicznej to encompass - obejrnowac to raise awareness - zwipksaac organic toad - zywnnsc ekoiogrcena issues in the 21st century. We talk twiadomodc energy-efficiontappliaeces and hear about global warming and to he capable of doing sth - byc - errorgooszczedne urzpdzeni-u pollution a lot. There are a number of wstaniecogzrobi6 to account for - staoorwid green organizations that are trying contamination - skuzeoie, turnover - abrot to raise our environmental awareness. zaoieczysaczenre to estimate soacowuc warrior - wojownik to take into account - wait pod owagg But are we capable of stopping the well-being - dobro purchase - zakup contamination of the air, the oceans tocomeupwith wynrydlid harm - sakoda,krzywda

has vho is- ake

nfer People who were worried using economic and environmentally to make purcnases nrom companies about the environment and sustainable practices. The market, un that share their values, and many say ralso interested in health, compassing things like organic foods, they are willing to pay a premium for well-being and alternative energy energy-efficient appliances and solar products and services they consider came up with an idea in the early part panels an well as alternative medicine, sustainable, which means that they of this century in America, to promote yoga tapes and eco-tourism, accoutat: are made in a way that minimizes ideas of sustui nab! lity by an organized eaLtoc $230 billion in turnover 2000. tcexm to the environment and society. movement, a mission for the-minded It was estimated that 63 million Ted Ning - considered an ambas- consumers. LOHAS was designed to Americans, about a third of the sador to understanding the Lohas

32 english matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir people & lifestyle

lifestyle and director of LOHAS of our gardens and the plants growing Become a lohasian takes his impact on others very near us. The more trees and various LOHAS is not a membership organiza- seriously. He lives in a home that plants around us, the more oxygen tion and there are no member fees. is built green. It is powered by so- and living creatures vital for our eco- They want people to become con- lar energy, inaulaitad with recycled systems. scious consumers and for "green- newspaper, has energy efficient Use energy-saving poducts, like minded" companies not to feel appliances, compact fluorescent energy efficient lighting. Electric en- isolated and asaan.cI. Such an eco- lights and an organic garden. He ergy is getting more expensive and responsible approach to life will very belongs to a community supported will be harder to get. Exchange it for soon have a tremendous impact and agricultural farm, drives a diesel solar power. It is also a good green become a worldwide phenomenon, vehicle and invests in SRI (Socially idea to buy products made of recy- so it's better for yourself and better Responsible Investment) funds. cled materials and use, for example, for the Earth as we all ought to want Sustainable living, be says "takes paper instead of plastic bags. Goon to succeed in this gaa.f. a lot of Leg.m,or,b". It takes commit- eco holidays and spend your time ment to understand for example off in natural surroundings - so Learn more from these websites: solar energy, which is complex and popular in Poland... And when you bttp://www.lohascorrr sometimes dud). travel - use trains instead of cars. http://www.lohaschannel,com The main aim of Lohasians is to help Last, but not isast segregate your companies understand that it is not rubbish at home. Diazalnteresowanych E just about selling products but about embodying the macoil understanding Raising awareness of sustainable products and business LOHAS issue a newsletter and a jour- practices and embedding that into nal. The journal mvanx the LOHAS to power - zasiln the corporate culture. The fact that market segments and emerging mar- to insulate - zaizolown they can make corporate executives kets, presiding trend analysis, data legwork - rutyirawa macu understand that this is the key to and cane studies for companies to carnneitveat - zvhnaizarvu maintaining their competitive edge is understand bow to implement LOHAS dull - nudny really exciting. practices into business and personal to embody - uciriasniac life. overall - ogtlny Healthy living As this cicosjsh market is booming, to vebrO - osauloic, zakorzevtc LOHAS Market sectors include: they have organized a green forum competitive edge - leonhuxencyjva pezeveaga • Personal Health: natural, organic for companies hungry to know more uutritionul - odzyaczy products and nutritional prod- about bringing their message to the civaningsapplins - rtetergenty ucts mainstream, apparel - udziez • Natural Lifestyles: organic clean- The LOHAS Forum is an annual con- renewable - xdnawialny tastier - smuczniejszy ing supplies, s.p.pemci ference that brings together the best vital - podstawswy, ainehtelny • Green Building: wood alterna- and brightest minds of conscious to exchange stIr for sth - zannenit cot na cos tives, renewable energy systems commerce, eco media, and green lost, but not least - nstatni, ale nie mnmei wazny • Alternative Transportation: hybrid marketing to speak to hundreds of to issue - nydawac vehicles, biediesel fuel companies about topics the LOHAS newsletter - bmuietyn • [no Tourism: ace-tourism travel community believes in. This year itt to count - ebejinowac June the Forum about 260 • Alternative Energies. attracted emerging markets - rynki aschodzca businesses to Boulder, Colorado. to provide - dostarczaf Lohas consumers believe that we Among them there were Coca-Cola, case study - sfauium przypadku should buy organic food that has Facebook, eBay, Mini USA, a division to implement - wdrazac been produced locally and has trav- of BMW and Walmart. new-ish - praaie nsay elled the shortest possible distance Consumers need to have acces to In stem - roewijac six dynamoarie to us. You will definitely love the as much information as possible so mainstream - gldway nuns slightly more expensive but so much that they can make educated choices conscious commerce - swiodomy handel tastier eco bread, butter and ham, or on purchasing. Businesses need to to attract - prrycigac natural ketchup that has been pro- evaluate their role and position of access - dostp duced from real fresh tomatoes. innovation in their industry. For exam- reevaluate - ncenic The beauty and cleaning products ple, gas and oil companies ought to to take aetuantrge of - skxrzysturi we use should be biodegradable. We become energy companies and fuite fee - opluta ought to cut to minimum our use of advantage of all of the alternative to expand - rutwitac si cars and if possible change to a hy- energy sources we have now, while tremendous - egremny brid vehicle. We should all take care developing new ones. goal - cr1

www.diako.ir english matters 118/2009 33 culture 111(3 ()IIIN ELL IS I1'ATCIIl

by Marta Buszkiewicz

The British author George Orwell, veui name of Eric Arthur Blair 11903-10501, achieved prominence in the late 1940s as the author 01 two brilliant satires attacking totalitarianism. Familiarity with the novels, documentaries, essays, and criticism he wrote during the 1930s and later has since established him as one of the most significant and eoOcL- making voices of the century.

orn into a family of the "lower- sciousness that I was yiitrxgin my upper middle class", as he true nature and that sooner or later B wryly puts it in The Road to I should have to settle down and write Wigan Pier (1933), George Orwell had books." (from his essay Why I Write) always known that he would become However, the road to success and a writer: fame was quite )ycimpy at the begin- "From a very early age, perhaps the wag, and also fall of unexpected age of five or six, I knew that when twists. At the age of one George I grew up I should be a writer. Be- Orwell and his mother settled in Eng- tween the ages of about seventeen land; they were ryutuj,ud with his fa- and twenty-four I tried to eflmaden ther in 1912, when the latter ysfityd. this idea, but I did so with the con- At the age of five, the young writer-to-

34 english matters 1i 8/2009 www.diako.ir culture

be went to an Anglican p,rJ,fo school The following June he panned the en- artists. There, however, Orwell led which he attended for two years trance examination for the Indian Im- a life that was far from bohemian. He before entering the prestigious St. perial Policeand was accepted into its was forced to resort to menial work Cyprian's school in Sussex. Corporal Burma tljujsion. Orwel I's five-ye srstint that barely provided him enough to punishment was co.mm.on those days in Burma in often seen as "a mot.um eat as plongeur, which he describes and possibly a source of his initial fj period of parentally-ordujaetl in Down and Out in Paris and London resentment towards euthoj.g. While es))". Almost nothing is known of his (1933): there, Orwell wrote his first published time spent in the province, other than -A plongeur is one of the slaves of work, the poem Awake! Young Men that it offered the material for two of the modern world. Not that there of England. With onessures to excel, his best-known essays. A Hanging is any need to whine over him, for be earned a scholarship to 'the most and Shooting an Elephant, and he he is better oft than many manual onotly and snobbish of the English first novel Burmese Days (1934), siouloens, but still, he is no freer than Public Schools" Eton College. There These Burmese days are also said if be were bought and void. His work Orwell esncfioiiy afoofod, leaving the to have ruined his health - he later is servile and without art; he is paid school in December 1921 after only suffered from chronic lung disease. just enough to keep him alive: his a term in the sloth form. Orwell left finally Burma in June 1927 only holiday is the sack... trapped by on a medical certificate and started a routine which makes thought im- another period of his life. possible. If plongeura thought at all, The writer returned to Europe to try they would long ago have formed his hand at short stories and writ- a union and gone on strike for better ing freelance for various periodicals, treatment. But they do not think, be- though he ended up destroying them cause they have no leisure for it: their because nobody would publish any of life has made slaves of them." his works. He was deeply determined After u bout of pneumonia in 1929 the and desperate to teach himself tlglin writer moved back to England how to write: week after week he to live in East London and some years remained in his unheated bedroom, later adopted his pen name George tfletreing his hands over a candle Orwell; it is said that it was partly when they became too n.uin)) to write. In spring of 1928, he turned his back on his own inherited values by taking a drastic step. For a longer period of time he lined among the poor, first in London, then in Paris. There he made eJJ.y.tog in a working-class cu.ectoc. At that time, he tells us in his works, Paris was full of artists and would-be

www.diako.ir english matters 18/200935 rculture

to avoid embarrassing his family, and was one of his most beloved places in grammes with contributions from T. S. partly because such a pen name England. The new nickname brought Eliot, Dylan Thomas, E. M. Forster and stressed his deep, lifelongf.fetion for big shifts in the author's life: the Eng- Will 1 em Empson amongothers. Despite English tradition and the countryside: lish colonial policeman Eric Arthur Blair the good pay, he resigned in 1943 to George is the patron saint of England died and charged into George Orwell, become literary editor of Tribune, (and George V was monarch at the a classless os trtai'a.e. A peo.po- a left-win g weekly. Orwell contributed time), while the Riser Orwell in Suffolk tuecid of socialism, Orwell now wanted a rage I a column entitled As I Please. to write for the common men and had Animal Farm, his 5g..r, fiagsfl..p satire, ouroosefullv lived eerier ass treone in was written by the middle of 1944. London arid the Home Counties as well The timidit of his publisher and the as stayed with miam in the north. He covert pressure everted by a Rus- learned of the disparity between the sian spy working for the Ministry of classes and cemeto known I ifeofpov- Information, delayed its appearance ertyvndfletdafliamongst5gggaLsand until August 1945. By this time Or thieves His study of the under classes well's personal life was in ruins. Five in general would provide the theme for months previously Eileen had died of many of his works to follow. We read of heart failure during a routine opera- his esperienoes with the unemp I eyed in tion. Through his friend David Astor, The Road to Wigan Pier(1937), written he had already begun to explore the forthe Left Book Club. Living for seversl possibility of living onthe remote Scot- years in poverty, sometimes homeless, tish island of Juno, s.ttjuggliog.usge.,cLsI sometimes doing itinerant work be worsening health to complete his areotuej.y found work as a teacher final novel, Nineteen Eighty Four After in a small high school for boys until ill finishing a final draft at the end of ineaiticforced himto give thisupcowork 1948 he suffered a complete physical part-time as an assistant in a second- solleose and was taken to e nuur.u..og hand bookshop in Hampstead. borne in the Cotswolds suffering from At this t me the writer met and married advanced tuberculosis. The novel's Eileen O'S ha u gh nessy. Their happy life jsppa international success, on as newlywed did not last long though. publication in Jute 1949, came too When the Spanish civil war broke..o,uf, ate for its author. He was transferred Orwell wanted to fight for the Spanish to University College Hospital in Sep- government against Francisco Fran tember and died there on 21 January co's Nationalist uprising. In Barcelona 1950, aged 46. Sitting down to read he joined the anti-Stalinist Spanish his obituaries on the dayof his funeral, party. When the communists partly his friend Malcolm Muggerrdge stated took control and started to pw:gg the that beobserved in them "howtheleg- party, many of Orwell 's friends were end of a human being is created". U arrested, shot, or simply disappeared. He and Eileen Semis escaped with kvsiçp. BG03485 www.colorfulmedia.pI their lives in 1937. His autobiographi- on cal Homage to Catalonia is written in the first person, mere months after the events. Rozwlazanio konkursu Rejected for military service on health oS.KiNgu grounds and forced to recuperate, English Matters nr 17 Orwell started working as a talks pro- darer in the BBC's Eastern Service Prawidlowa odpowiedz: - a job he grow to dislike as he for FOGLER LIBRARY mmEIM reni; the very first time tasted experience Nagrody ufundowane przez wydawnictwo of the ogel conformity of office life. The Prbvzynsk it Cu atrzymujt. BBC's atmosphere. he complained. "s Itataraynir Aieksamfrowicz (1 thbark something between a girls' school and Aieksandra Rojaoka (Kvrrnrev). Olga a lunatic asylum, and all we are doing Bçazieszak P vuzewj, Tomasa Hareg ad at present is useless, or slightly worse itriszai nI, Magdalena Wosik Onntynin). than useless". However, it gave him Gratuis vinyl Nuenvdv pruesiemy psCzt5 an opportunity to create cultural pro-

36 english matters 118/2009 www.diako.ir 44 traveL

by Maria Tokarz

The varied destinations across North America easily satisfy getaway ucieceka travellers' needs. Their smile, the openness and easiness of the destination celpodrozy Americans is what you notice at once when you visit the USA. Those easiness - swoboda Americans who live in the warmer states like California or Florida in mood - nastro] mild lagodoy particular show more positive thinking and good moods. resort karort The mild and sunny climate is one reason to go to Florida. Another facilities bazarekreacyjna is for the variety of attractions: there's everything from the theme io average wynnsicsrednin parks of Orlando towhite sandy beaches and the big resorts with . urzazpioruflumi thunderstorm fantastic facilities that the US does so well. to draw - pnzycigac affordability - przystpnosc to boast chwaiicsi mind-boggling acrgg of theme parks mind-boggling zadziwiajycy r I. I. iNff, as well as gjf..4O.erses. ab000m ng array - soeroki wachlarz, wybor he optimum time to visit Florida mJJa and dozens of bars and restau- golf coarse - pole golfowe is between December and May rants. Any visitor will feel like a kid in shopping mall centrum handiowe Twhen temperatures 4vgg4gg a candy store trying to decide where dozens dziesiytki 24-30 degrees C. Mid-summer tends to start. There is the famed Un versal thrill ride - nkscytujca proelabdoka to be hot and humid with occasional Orlando Resort with two amazing blockbuster hit thunderstorms. winters are mild and theme parks Universal Studios tnturnout - okazacs dry. Florida and Universal's Island of Lots of people go there diamo by Adventure. The Resorts attractions Florida's ettordaflhilt and its family include a thrill ride Revenge ofthe attractions. Orlando is situated 20 Mummy. based on the blockbuster 35 minutes south-west of Walt Dis Mummy moves, It turns out to be nay world resort. The place boasts a a battle for the very soul of each 10-

www.diako.ir english mczffers 118/2009 37 -

Danahiteationa nee cwu

guest - a good-versus-evil conflict SeaWorld's "Trainer for a Day" pro- good -versus-evil - dabro przeciwknzlu that hints the line between reality gramme. For a more LritLrniate swim to Slur - zacierad, zumazywad and fantasy. En/lire walls burst into with the dolphins, head to Discovery entire - caip flames - bigger, hotter, and closer to located across from SeaWorld. to burst into flames - stared w plornieniach the guests than any theme park at- If learning about what lies beyond abundance - mndstso splashing - plink traction has ever done. our blue skies is more appropriate, wutersllde - ziendfalnia worina visit the Kennedy Space Center, Summer in Orlando means an a/bum to dump - zrzucad dance of warm weather, and a trip to Guests have the opportunity to learn tangle - plptanina Wet'n Wild is a splashing good way about the space programme's past cord - sznur to cool off. If you think water parks and future explorations from veteran fire hose - spa stradacki are just about waterslides, you havea astronauts through the popular "As- surefire - pewny, niezawodny whole new world coming at you. Top tronaut Encounter" and "Dine with ndstainment - gra edukacyjna, pnitcznnie attractions include the Storm, which an Astronaut" programmes. zabawyz naukp thumps slip-sod-sliders into u huge If that doesn't get your adrenaline racetrack - tarwydcignwy stingray - agofcza whirlpool, and Hydra Fighter, which pumping, head to Daytona USA, hands-on tour - wycieczka interaktywna of bungee and the official attraction of NASCAR, is a wet /bcg/a psjh/ marine life - r/cie is maize fire hoses - surefire entertainment located at the Daytona International In enrol - zapisadsit for the little firefighters in your family. Speedway. Learn about the history intimate - kameralny The city is also a great place to get an of NASCAR racing with interactive across from - naprxeciwko "edutainmmof - being entertained ash/bits, motion simulator rides, cove - zutoeaka while getting an education. Whether live pit stop competitions, and the appropriate - odpawiedni enjoying the company of animals, Daytona 600 Thunder Round-Sound encounter - spotkanie pushing your limits on a tucetrak, Movie. In dine - zjedd nbind/kelacjrr speedway - mimi taking art classes, or diving into Enjoy moonlit an/boat rides, perform- exhibit - wystawu history, there is no better classroom ances at Cirque du Soleil, salsa and pit sfep cempetitien - ksnkurs, wktdrym than Orlando. At SeaWorld, guests merengue dancing at two large com- uczestnicy napnawiaipsumechiid wydcigowy can learn about the perks animal plexes including Points Orlando and nu crux, j ak to jest rob ione w czasie wptcigbw rescue and rehabilitation programme the Wall Street Plaza. The first one mnnnlit - rszdwietlnny ksitzycnwi podwiatp or how aquarists care for sharks and is an open-air oasis with hewer/rig uirbsat - pinskoderna lbdka a naptdem ingress in one of three "hen/non" palm trees and fountains, the other motnlnfnioeym lub naptdem stalym tours. Those interested in marine is famous for its raucous street par- skladajpcym sizsiIrika i tm/ala lotniczego towering - gdnajpcy U/s can train and care for dolphins ties and /l/bejed by nightclubs and raucous - halatliwy and killer whales by in restaurants. sacojflcig to harder - graniczyd

38 english matters 118/2009 www.diako.ir Cuba, Puerto Rico, Central America to head to - kierowad si5 do •: r'r. ii mini and South America have settled in distinctly - wyramie Miami and Miami Beach are actu- Miami. Spanish is spoken almost outer bank - naldaluzybroeg ally two tllst.incitl different cities. everywhere in the city. Many signs lo consist of - skladodsit Miami Beach, located on the outer are in both English and Spanish. on the mainland - na stalym ldzie sprawling - roowinkly bank, is almost exclusively tourist South Beach is the classic Miami to explore - zwiedzad orientated, and consists mainly f sunning spot, but if you want to monorail - kalejjodaotarowa hotels and vacation apartments. avoid the crowds, Sunny Isles vantage point - punktobsnrwacyjny Miami, located on the mainland, is Beach, at the northern end of Miami to kick back - to:zwolnid a cosmopolitan city with a distinctly Beach, is better bet. Trendy urban- to soak up - napawad si Latin American flavor. Miami is a ites heed for the art deco district of dash - odrobinu sprawling city and exploring it on South Beach, Miami, to ljp hotels tawandor - wdrowad foot is not an option. Unless you such as the Raleigh, the Cavalier syrupy - lepki are planning on spending all your and the Leslie. The more aopi.ris- walk-up window - ,,okionko" time on the beach, you will probably ticeted centre of South Beach is to suspend - powstrzymah, zawiesid disbelief - niedowieroanie need a car. If you are in Downtown, South Pointe Park in the SoFi - the sunning spot - miejsce do wygrzewania six the Metromover is an automated area south of Fifth Street. Started no sisricu rnonorailthat you can ride for free. It in the mid-1990s, the $22 million bet- opca also makes a good vantage point for revival of South Beach e.Itrauittcd hip - nojmodninjszy photographing the surrounding sky- developers to the natural beauty of sophisticated - wyrahnowany scrapers. When in Miami chances the point, towering condos with mul- revisal - odrodzenie are you will be wanting to kick back timillion-dollar apartments began to to attract - przyciqgad and soak ug some of that glorious appear. There are now many trendy condo (condominium) - mioszkanie otasnodciswe Florida sunshine. spots, numerous restaurants, icticti aid-back - swobudny For a d.ti of Latin flavour, head beach clubs and chic hotels tiack chic - elvgancki to Little Havana. Wandering along here. During the day, the park is dune - wydma Cafe Ocho Street, soaking up the filled with young families, bikers to blow - powiewad sights and soutds, you could almost and dog walkers - all enjoying the aildflower - koiatpolny believe you are in Cuba. Drinking churict grass Loixyming in the breeze, tosproat - poiawiadsit a sy.r.ugg 'cafecito' bought from a wdltu wildflowers sprouting and waves to lap- pluskad un window will help you suspend lapping on the sbato. At night, shone - bnzog your diubs.IIBt. Hundreds of thou- 18 light towers gLuts in different to glow - doiecid toil lumioate - obwietlad sands of Hispanic immigrants from colours, illuminating the area. Op,

www.diako.ir engliuh matters 118/2009 39 Ii

,' - -- Ma ory Square, Key Westj Old To Seven Mile Sedge

Key West. Here every night at Mallory tnbe made upnf skfadac sit z 1k Square Street performers entertain LflJ'T'Ti!iTJ1ijj tnpckup - wzi against the baclvdroaof a fantastic lore car - wynajtyuamschid Ii The Florida Keys 97Qfigde up of 31 sunset, a spectacle which always to take in - nauwafyc islands forming an arc at the south- attracts thousands of visitors. You vivid - burwny ernmost tip of Florida. The best way will find an infectious Caribbean common powneechny to experience them is to fly to Miami, ftavccue wherever you go in the Keys, to arrange zorgonizosac 11 pick up hire ca and drive the 177 and no more so than in Key Went. giassboennboat - lsddzeozklanymdnevi II kilometers on the Overseas Highway The laid-back sttihtiu$o, coupled with scuba dicing - nurkewanieoakwaiirngium I from Key Largo to Key West, table the peaceful surroundings, creates wahoo aachalryhazrndzinymakreinwatychl • on the spectacular scenery along the a very relaxed atmoxpf are. and you saiifisii - ryba mgi cowata to set Oft wyruszyi way the tied aqua of the Atlantic certainly never have to get dressed eventually ontatecznie on the left and the Golf of Mexico up here. The writer Ernest Hemingway ago i tOo backdrop of sth nanecmegod on the right. A large amount of wa was very fpri5.of Key West and, today, infectious - axiqgajqy c ter based activity is common on the his house is a museum dedicated to - flavor smak Keys, you can catamaran his life and work. Here he wrote the - urrunng.g attitude - nastawiasie, podejscio sailing, fishing, glass-bottom boat majority of his most famous books, in- coup ed with - w pace tours and scuba diving. The Atlantic eluding 'A Farewell to Arms" and For suroundings - ukolica offers wahoo, dolphin, shark, sailfish Whom The Bell Tolls'. You can take tnbnfondufsth - iuiutcon and marlin. At Middle Keys you can a 90-minute Old Town Trolley Tour trolley - truieibas visit the Dolphin Research centre - a historic guide to Key West. where, if you book early enough, / UJ you can swim with the dolphins. To Florida draws the most tourists in i DIa zalnteresowanynh get from there to the Lower Keys you the USA but also from many other

need tou set of.f for Seven Mile Bridge, parts of the world. You get sunshine, EN0000 the world's longest segmented a beach holiday and service with ENGLISH ENGLISH MAnUi515/LwGNGEnr bridge, which eventual ly gets you to a smile. How could you not go? •

40 english matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir prenumerata fla1ansy sp*s66. by miec batdy numer... EN

...... Prenurnerata English Matters

Dlaczego warto zaprenumerowad English Matters? ceny prenumeraty • p1acisztaniejnidwkioskuczyksigarni - • niepokrywaszkosztówprzesyiki : prenumerata indywidualna • otrzymujesz pismo regularnie : prenumerata roczna (6 nunierów) • cena magazynu w czasie trwania opiaconej prenumeraty sin zmienia SIf 4960 zI 5-3 -48-z1 Co to jest ,prenumerata specjalna"? : prenumerata póiroczna (3 numery) To promocja dia nowych Czytelnikdw, ktdrzy zakupili najnowszy (18/2009) : 24,90 zt 26-10z1 numer magazynu. Zawiera wszystkie dostpne nurnery archiwalne oraz trey kolejne. Zamawiajcy p renu meratp specjalnp otrzyma (ad raze) nunnery archi- prenumerata zbtorowa walne 1-17 )zwyjptkienn numerdw 4, 12, 15, ktdrych naklad zostal wyczerpa ny) od dwóch prenumerat na jeden adres oraznumenykolejne 19-21(gdytylkos1gukazp). prenumerata roczna (6 numerów) 44,50 71* 53401 Jak zaprenumerswac rnagazynP : prenumerata pólroczna (3 numery) Naledywplacidodpowiednikwoty na naoze konto. Przelews mouna dokonac 22,50W 26-7-0-zi na poczcie/w banku, korzystajc z ponizszego formularca lub za pomocq banku * cena led rie] prenumeraty nalezy pomnozydl9przezoodc intemetowego. p,enumeratoriw Dane potrzobne do przelewu: UWAGA: Prey prenumeratach eblorowych powyzej n konta: 18 1140 2004 0000 3702 4324 6790 10 ego. ledna prenumerata gratis. adres: Colorful Media • of. Lednicka 23 • 60-413 Pozsaii prenumerata specjalna dla nowych Czytelników Jak otrzymac faktur VAT no zakup prenumeraty? Pa dokonaniu przelewu prosimy a jak najszybszy kontakt (e-mailem: : 116,40 at 127,90at 19 [email protected] lab telefonicznie: 0 61 833 63 28) : (14 numerOw arch iwalnych + 3 kolejne) - w przeciwnym wypadku do prenumeraty zostanie doluyczony paragon. • - • • ...... Podane dane osobowe bpdp pnzetworzane preen Colorful Media z siedzibp w Poznaniu, ul. tel. 061 833 63 28 Led nicka 2 3 w celu realizacli prenumeraty sian marketingu wiasnych p rod uktdw. Kaddernu e-mail: [email protected] prenumeratorowi przysluguje prawn wglqdu do swoich danych osobowych oran ich emiany. strona magazynu: wwwColorfalmedla.pl

Fornioianzprzeiewu preydatny no pnczcie Iubw banks. Wystarcywyciod i wypetnic. wpisujc irniq. nazwisko. adieu. ow polo Jytuternr, podadinformacle, od ktdrego n urneru ma sin zacoynac pnenumerata W pnzypadku zamdwien:a pnenumeraty specjainej nalezy podad numery, np .prenumerata specjalna 1-17 i 19-21".

ENGLISH COLORFULMEDIA ENGLISH MATTERS UL. LEDNICKA 23 60-413POZNAN COLORFUL MEDIA MATTERS 60413 Pnznañ, al Lednlcka 23 mBank 48114020040050350230240038 eBaek hl 181111 40 2101.0,14101000A7 0i24131214!;6171910 tIIILL[jIJPiLINILi!*T1lI II

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dam ewy]u*' -- 11111 - - www.diako.ir nowoci

Angielski BEZ CENZURY wolnych zwizkOw damsko- mskich. Angielski w szkole, no kursoch i egzaminach w rtiewiel- Opoicz tradycyjnej ksibki, kim stopniu przypomino jzyk, jakirn rnOwi si w barach, dostyprie sel takze niecen- pubach czy no imprezach w Wielkiej Brytanil lub USA. zuralne rozmbwki angielskie Pic dziwnego, be Polacy wyjebd±ojcy do krajdw anglo- w wersji audio - Angielski jyzycznych pierwsze tygodnie spqdzajcl no nauce sldwek, ben cenzury. Sbuchaj I mOw! ktbrych nle naucryli siQ w szkole. Jzyk tymczaseni warto Dlo arnatorOw gier towarzy- znaib w calodci. skich powstata rOwniez gm Angielski ben cenzury Berlitz nnacznie to ulatwi! To do- - Angielski ben cenzury. skonaty przewodnik pa jyzyku, jakiego nie nauczymy si Flirt towa rzyski.ktbro pozwo- no zadnym kursie! Znojdziemy tu zorOwno stsunkowo Is pobczyO zabawq z nauk niegrodne teksty slongowe, jak i ostre odzywki no spe- konwemsacji wjzyku angiel- cjolne okazje. Aby ulatwid czytelnikom oceny danego nb- skim. Wa, wyrazy i zwroty cznaczono odpowiednimi symbolomi opotrzono bordzo odekwatnym poiskim przekbadem. Jebli nie jestedmy pewni wymowy wyrodenia czy zwrotu, W nerd ukazaly si takze: Francuski ben cenzury, Niemiecki mobemy wysbuchad jej na stronie www.berlitzwydawnictwo.pl. den cenzury, Hiszpadski ben cenzury i Wbaski ben cenzury. Angleiski ben cenzury to tokbe interesujgce komentorze kulturoznawcze dotyczce nojrozmaitszych zagadnied - ad ulubionych potrow narodowych pa stosunek Wiqcej no: Brytyjczyków i AmerykanOw do operacji plastycznych czy www.berhtzwydawuictwo.vI

Trzech panôw w Iódce.... fabuty powiedci poma- gajEl umiesncnone ben- Wojna swiatów... , Przygody Hucka pobmednbo przy tekbcie Finna...zangielskim! ministowniczki kiopotli wych wyrazOw, a przyta- Bestsellerowa seria podrQczników cnany kontekst kulturo- wy ubatwia zrozumienie opartych na kiasyce powiesci. tmeOci. Kazdy rondnial zamykajd wyczerpujgce Przygotowana przez abjadnienia zagadnieti gramatycnnych, sta- serbs podrçcznikbw do rannie pmnygotowane TRZECI-J samodnielnej nauki Owicnenia sprawdnaj- PANOW w LE- jyzyka angielskiego to ce zdobytcl wiedab i ro- Y J -- ciekowa proponycja dla zumienie tekstu oman 0i6 . wszystkich zwolennikOw hrzyzOwki utmwalajgce - - uczenia siq w sposdb bogate sbownictwa. lczAcy prnyjemne z pa- Ksipzki z Telbitawskiej zytecnnym. Zamystem semii moga stubyd jako outorOw bybo stwomne- podstawa bgdb uzupeb- nie kursOw jzykowych nienie indywidualnej opartych as oryginalnym nauki, ale tez jaka zbióm tekdcie anglojzycznych szablondw Iekcyjnych -_ powiebci n kanonu Owia- dla naucnycieli. Jak- towej literatury. Ksi±ki koiwiek wykamnystane, zostaly opracowane prnez dodwiadczonych metodykOw o pewno§cizi prnypadn z myblg o osabach no drednio naawansowanym i zauwonso- do gusto tym, ktOrzy wanym poziomie nauki (FCE, CAE, CPE. TOEFL) - tak±e dia chcy aiy uczyO jzyka tych, ktdmzy pmzygotowujd siy do egnominOw pabstwowych ad namych mistrzOw z jnyka angielskiego sprawdzajqcych mm. umiejttn006 angielskiej litematumy. czytonia tekstOw !iterackich w oryginale. GlOwnym otutem podrycznikdw jest ich nowatomaka forms wymagajpca aktywnego udniobu kursanta. W dledzeniu • Wydawnictwo TELBIT

42 english matters 1 18/2009 www.diako.ir

Ali W nastpnym numerze:

O American Gangsters. O British Cuisine - yum yum! O E. A. Poe - the Father of Horror? O Beware of cyber criminals.

Numer dziewktnasty w sprzedazy od 15 pazdziernika!

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humeri =uprj Nsomer2 Numerd Numer5 How You Carr LISI HowlohrrviueWinle - - Love lu juJ Eating Disorders - Learn Languages •-- - Christmas in Australia Single People ' - Super See Kids . Living and Working • -..J New Years Eve Star-Spangled Banner W - To Sterna Steer in the UK ri) r '°!3irr i The Stages of Lie T p The Squirrel War Scottish Gaelic Guy weF Ces Day a V Gogh - for Survival I - - . Oxford Cambridge Thanksgiving -Eco-lennonols C -StPalnrcksDay r.._ -Is Beauty Every- ' - Halloween . Lardce According - Dublin the Republic Yrrgrr The British Parliament / lo Bridget Jones of Ireland ' I The Little Miss Thing I BS NigellaLawson Bonn from Ltd iL.. - Pars Hilton _•i- IIii:;IL - Katie Melua

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Rck,W,.—. Ceny numerów archiwalnych: ENGLISH IJ'° LTt tffl1 Are the Real - Goegle Hippies Gone? - - —4- The Healing Power \ ssreierur -Mango and Arnime (ogle 01 Suggestion - Discover - '90 d 81.10sf -isa Colour-blind Sec aching lip sn - EEra Picture - - - 15,80 ci 8720 zi - Corner? rn'x.- --- -irish Gaelic Football _- 21.70zi 9510z1 - Diving Adventure - - Stephen King 29.60z1 10300sf Mi d ggii g Shakespeare The Australkin ci - Stonehenge - omeueu P Outback 37,50zt 10890 zi 4360z{ 116.80 z4 Numery archiwalne cieszg sip dazym zginteresowaniem, diatego podajemy -511 50 ci 124,70 ci rrajwa±niejsze informacje ow ich temat oraz wokazciiwki, jak je zartiówic 59.40 zi 13080 ci Obecnie dostçpne so wszystkie (z wyjtkiem numerôw 4, 12 i 15) numery archuwalne. 65,30 ci a 13870 zi k zamOwicT Wyotarczy placid odpowiednl4 kwotip Ta nasze korrto: 73,20 ci - 146,60 zi - lit tzriaarf - Prosimy pamiffad a podaniu adresu. • o n i W poki ,,lytctiem" nalezy casnacayd, ktdre numery many wystad! -. Wszysfkie opiacorne numery przedierny pocctq.

Dzial prenumerat-y informacie na ternaf rsumerdwwww.diako.ir archiwalnych: pnernamerafa@colorfulmecliapi tel. 061 833 63 28 Nowoczesne czasopoisma do nauki jqzykow obcych wicej informacji: www.colorfulmedia.pI oIorf MEDIA

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