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2004 Student Services Division, Higher Education Bureau Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan(MEXT) The Objectives of Student Exchange ……………………………………………3 I. Development of Student Exchange Policy 1. Development of new policies for international student exchanges …………………4 2. Acceptance of foreign students in major countries …………………………………4 3. On the development of new policies for international student exchanges ……………5 (Report submitted by the Central Council for Education) 4. Establishment of Japan Student Services Organization ……………………………6 II. Acceptance of Foreign Students in Japan 1. Trends in the Number of Foreign Students in Japan …………………………………7 2. Number of foreign students by region of Origin ……………………………………8 3. Number of foreign students by country and by region of origin ……………………8 4. Number of foreign students by type of educational institution ………………………9 5. Number of foreign students by educational institution and sector …………………10 6. Number of foreign students by region and prefecture of Japan ……………………10 7. Number of foreign students by field of study ………………………………………11 8. Number of foreign students by university …………………………………………11 III. Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students 1. Measures before entering a Japanese University 1. Information and counseling services on study in Japan …………………………12 2. Procedures for entering Japan and visa application ……………………………12 3. System of Japanese language education …………………………………………13 * Japanese language education …………………………………………………13 * Measures for students attending Japanese language educational institutions ……13 * A list of National university foreign student centers ……………………………14 * Preparatory Japanese language courses established by private universities and junior colleges …15 * Preparatory education for foreign government sponsored students ……………16 * Role of university preparatory course …………………………………………17 4. Recruitment of Japanese government scholarship students ……………………18 5. Admittance of privately financed foreign students ……………………………… 20 6. Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students ……21 (EJU) 2. Student's Period of Study in Japan 1. Educational system in Japan for foreign students ………………………………22 2. Assistance for foreign students living in Japan …………………………………25 3. Local Assistance for foreign students ……………………………………………30 4. Tokyo Academic Park ……………………………………………………………31 3. Follow-up Services for Former Foreign Students 1. Projects of the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) …………………32 2. Projects of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) ……………32 3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs programs ……………………………………………33 IV. Short-term Exchange Program 1. Short-term Exchange Program ……………………………………………………34 2. Number of short-term foreign students ……………………………………………34 3. Scholarship for short-term foreign students ………………………………………35 4. Short-term student exchange special courses in English at national universities …36 (undergraduate level) 5. Short-term student exchange special courses in English for foreign students at …37 private universities (undergraduate level) 6. Support for advanced student exchange ……………………………………………38 V. Japanese Citizens Studying Abroad 1. Current conditions of study abroad …………………………………………………39 2. Policies concerning study abroad …………………………………………………40

VI. Study Abroad for Upper Secondary School Students ……………………41

VII. Main Items of MEXT's FY2004 Student Exchange Budget ……………43

2 The Objectives of Student Exchange

As we are now in the 21st century, expectations are growing concerning the role Japan should play on the 1 international stage. It is extremely important that Japan promote mutual understanding through international exchange and public relations activities in various fields, and establish friendly relationships with foreign countries based on mutual trust. This is vital because the existence and prosperity of Japan greatly depend on the maintenance and development of harmonious relationships with foreign countries. Furthermore, human capacity building is indispensable for the development of each country and society. Assisting developing countries in terms of human resource development is becoming more and more important today.

The student exchange is a way of making an intellectual international contribution through the education and 2 training of human resources and related projects, playing an important role in the realization of a society open to the international community, one of Japan's ultimate objectives. Besides, the formation of the human network connecting foreign countries and Japan and the resultant improvement in mutual understanding and friendship are expected to contribute to the security and peace of the world, currently undergoing a process of rapid globalization. Furthermore, it is extremely important to broaden the range of student exchange activities promoting greater intellectual exchange with foreign countries, leading to enhanced internationalization of Japanese universities and increased international competitiveness. Therefore, the Ministry of Education, Culture Sports, Science and Technology is actively implementing various comprehensive programs concerning student exchange.

3 I Development of Student Exchange Policy

1 Development of new policies for international student exchanges The MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture Sports, Science and exchange policy: Technology) has worked to improve various measures to take 1) Promotion of overseas study by Japanese citizens with more care of foreign students from before their arrival in Japan until emphasis on mutual exchange than acceptance; after their return to their home countries, based on the "Plan to 2) Improvement in the foreign student acceptance system and Accept 100,000 Foreign Students," prepared in 1983 with the securing of higher quality foreign students; purpose of accepting that many foreign students in the early 21st and century. 3) Strengthening of the support system, including the Under these circumstances, it became quite likely that the establishment of the Japan Student Services Organization. number of foreign students accepted would exceed 100,000 in Specific measures suggested in the above report include: 2003. Besides, there has been a growing concern over 1) Establishment of a long-term study abroad program and a decreased quality due to a rapid increase in the number of scholarship loan program for Japanese students with the foreign students accepted. In order to respond to the above potential to earn degrees in overseas universities; situation, the Foreign Student Section of the Subdivision on and Universities of Central Council for Education (Chairman: Takeshi 2) Reinforcement of bases for ensuring improved provision of Kimura, President of National Institution for Academic Degrees information and consultation operating in foreign countries. At and University Evaluation) was set up in November 2002 to the same time, the report requested universities to: discuss the modalities of the new student exchange policy, which 1) make policies concerning the positive acceptance of foreign resulted in the preparation of a report titled "Development of New students as well as dispatching of Japanese students; Policies for International Student Exchanges" in December 2003. 2) manage foreign student enrollment appropriately. According to the report, it is expected that the number of students will increase by around 30,000 over five years and the In future, the MEXT is to improve specific measures based on following items are required as the basics of the new student the report.

2 Acceptance of foreign students in major countries International exchanges have increased to the point where steadily, the percentage of foreign students among the total more than 1.6 million students around the world are now enrolled students in institutions for higher education in Japan is studying abroad. Developed countries such as the U.S., France, only 3.0%, remaining far short of the international standards. Germany and the U.K. accept a great number of foreign students. Although the number of foreign students in Japan has increased

Country U.S U.K Germany France Australia Japan Description

(unit:thousands) 9,010 1,311 1,799 2,111896 3,606 Students enrolled in higher educational institutions1 （15,312） Foreign students (incoming)2 586,323 242,755 227,026 180,418 136,252 109,508 （2002） （2001） （2002） （2002） （2003） （2003） Foreign students (incoming) on 3,085 4,079 5,928 10,156 3,387 9,746 each government scholarship3 （2002） （2002） （2002） （2002） （2000） （2003） Foreign students (incoming) as a ratio of students enrolled in higher 6.5 18.5 12.6 8.5 15.2 3.0 educational institutions (%)

1 Source: MEXT (Except data on Australia). U.S. figures within parentheses include part-time students. The most current statistics for U.S., Germany and France are as of 2000; U.K., 2001; Japan, 2003, and Australian figures are as of 2002 (Source: AVCC). 2 Source: U.S.: IIE OPEN DOORS; U.K.: HESA (STUDENTS in Higher Educational institutions 2001/02); Germany: Federal Statistics Bureau; France: Ministry of Education (REPERES ET REFERENCES STATISTIQUES); Australia: AEI; Japan: Student Services Division, Higher Education Bureau, MEXT. 3 Source: U.S.: IIE OPEN DOORS; U.K.: British Council; Germany: DAAD; France: French Embassy in Japan; Australia: Australian Embassy in Japan; Japan: Student Services Division, Higher Education Bureau, MEXT.

4 I Development of Student exchange policy

3 On the development of new policies for international student exchanges - Toward the broadening of range and the improvement of quality of foreign student exchange - An outline of the Report submitted by the Central Council for Education

Introduction meet foreign students' needs. • To map out measures that should be implemented over the next 5 • Careful confirmation of the purpose of study in Japan and proper years assessment of academic capabilities, avoiding acceptance of foreign • An increase of at least 30,000 in the number of foreign students students without careful screening coming to Japan is expected during this time. • Responsible management of enrolled foreign students, including a thorough guidance for underachievers 1. Significance of student exchange (idea) • Implementation of third-party assessment of the acceptance system • Improved mutual understanding with foreign countries and for individual universities. formation of networks based on personal relationships (2)Support for study abroad satisfying various educational and • Education and training of Japanese students inculcating an research needs international perspective and realization of an open and vigorous • Reinforcement in terms of information provision and consultation society services concerning study abroad • Internationalization of Japanese universities and enhancement of • Establishment of a long-term study abroad program to help international competitiveness students obtain a degree at overseas universities active in highly • Intellectual contribution to the international community advanced educational and research activities on a global scale • Support through the positive use of the scholarship loan program 2. Current status of student exchange and accompanying • Further promotion of short-term study abroad by Japanese citizens challenges by reinforcing support for their dispatch. • The number of accepted foreign students and dispatched Japanese (3) Improvement in the support system for the systematic students have increased steadily, but the level still falls short of acceptance of foreign students international standards. • Focus on the quality of foreign students * Number of foreign students * Collating and distributing information on overseas educational Accepted students 109,508 (2003) and foreign student placement organizations. ←10,428 (1983) * Reinforced collaboration and cooperation of related ministries Dispatched students 76,464 (2000) • Improvement and reinforcement of the support system for foreign ←18,066 (1983) students with the Japan Student Services Organization playing the * Ratio of foreign students based against entire student enrollment major role. Accepted students Japan 2.6% France 7.6% *Provision of scholarships for foreign students; International Dispatched students Japan 1.5% France 2.6% exchange events held in accommodations of foreign students; • A national policy with the priority on accepting foreign students Implementation of various training programs from the viewpoint of international contribution is adopted in * Improvement of overseas establishments in terms of information France, while in the case of Japan; policy approaches to Japanese provision and consultation services concerning study in Japanese citizen's overseas study overseas study are insufficient. educational institutions. • The acceptance mechanism of universities has been unable to • Improvement of the contents of the Examination for Japanese respond to the rapid increase in the number of foreign students. University Admission for International Students and promotion of There is a growing concern over the poorer quality of foreign entrance admittance prior to arrival in Japan. students and the issue of illegal work has surfaced. * Expansion and spread of examinations implemented overseas * The number doubled from 51,298 students in 1998 to 109,508 in * Consideration to making English one of the examination subjects 2003. • Improvement in the Japanese government scholarship student system 3. Basic direction of the new student exchange policy * To ensure a certain percentage of the foreign students are • To promote further exchanges in terms of both the acceptance and financed by the Japanese government dispatch of students * Review of the respective percentages of foreign students with • Basically, respective universities are expected to play a more recommendations from the embassy, recommendations from the proactive role in the promotion of foreign student exchange. university, and those recommended following screening in Japan • To support the overseas study of Japanese citizens * Termination of scholarship payment to underachievers • To secure quality of foreign students and improve the acceptance • Improvement and reinforcement of the support system for privately mechanism financed students • To enhance the support system for foreign students and * Improvement in Honors Scholarships and more positive use of universities, including the establishment of the Japan Student Examinations For Japanese University Admission for International Services Organization Students (4) Promotion of study abroad for upper secondary school 4. Deployment of specific measures students (1)Qualitative improvement of the acceptance mechanism in • To increase both the number of accepted and dispatched students universities and improvement in international respectively competitiveness • As for outbound students, to promote their dispatch to a variety of • Preparation of definite policies for the acceptance of foreign countries in Asia and other regions students, dispatch of Japanese students and the establishment of • As for inbound students, to increase the number of schools and the relevant system in universities host families accommodating them • Implementation of internationally attractive education and research • To increase the chances of residing overseas for upper secondary activities and provision of a wider range of educational programs to school teachers. 5 4 Establishment of Japan Student Services Organization The scholarship loan programs for Japanese students reorganized and the Japan Student Services Organization implemented by the Japan Scholarship Foundation, foreign- (JASSO), an independent administrative institution,was student-related exchange programs implemented by public established on April 1, 2004 in order to provide student support interest corporations, including the Association of International programs in a comprehensive way. Education, Japan, the Center for Domestic and Foreign Students, the International Students Institutes, and the Kansai International Part of the programs previously carried out by the above public Students Institute, and scholarship provision programs for interest corporations, including accident/disaster insurance for foreign students implemented by the Japanese government (the students' education and research, is now implemented by the MEXT/national universities) have been assembled and Japan Educational Exchanges and Services.

An Outline of the programs transfer with the establishment of the Japan Student Services Organization

MEXT/National universities Japan Student Services Organization [Activities transferred to JASSO] * JASSO implements the following student support a MEXT ctivities in a comprehensive, rational and effective manner. • Payment of scholarship money to foreign students • Student-related surveys/ [Loaning of scholarship money to Japanese students] Trainings related to student support activities • Loaning and collection scholarship money service National universities [Payment of scholarship money to foreign students] * Common and basic activities related to the following programs • Honors Scholarship program for privately financed foreign students • Student (including foreign students) exchange and consultation • Advanced Student Exchange Pilot Project Support Program • Training related to student support activities • Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program

[Foreign student exchange projects] Japan Scholarship Foundation • Construction and management of foreign student accommodation • Examination for Japanese University Admission for Scholarship loan payment and collection International Students (EJU) • Preparatory Japanese language education • Securing of designated accommodations Public interest corporations related to international students (Public interest corporations that carry out state-commissioned programs) International Students • Foreign students exchange promotion programs Association of International Education, Japan • Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU) [Student support projects] • Subsidies for Construction of Accommodation for International Students • Gathering and provision of information on overseas study • Foreign students exchange promotion programs • Training programs related to student support activities • Gathering and provision of information on overseas study and gathering and provision of information • Construction and management of foreign student accommodation • Research and survey into students’study environment • Japanese Language Proficiency Test • Japanese Language Teaching Competency Test • Sponsor-Crowned International Scholarship Programs

Center for Domestic and Foreign Students • Securing of designated accommodation • International students exchange promotion programs • Construction and management of foreign student accommodation Japan Educational Exchanges and Services • Financial aid programs for foreign and domestic students (Former Association of International Education, Japan) • Accident/disaster insurance for students’ education and research • Comprehensive Renter’s Insurance for Foreign Students Studying in Japan • Japanese Language Proficiency Test • International students housing general compensation system • Japanese Language Teaching Competency Test • Part time job placement • Financial aid programs for foreign and domestic students • Sponsor-Crowned International Student Scholarship Programs • Part-time job-finder system for students • Accident disaster insurance for students’ education and research International Students Institutes • International students housing general compensation • Preparatory Japanese language education system • Foreign students exchange promotion programs • Sponsor-Crowned International Student Scholarship Program • Construction and management of foreign student accommodation • Entrusted management activities of accommodations for foreign students Kansai International Students Institute • Organization Guarantee Program • Preparatory Japanese language education • Students exchange promotion programs • Setting-up and management of accommodations for foreign students

6 II Acceptance of Foreign Students in Japan

The number of foreign students attending Japanese institutions of higher education reached 109,508 as of May 1, 2003. In comparison with 2002 levels, the number of students increased by 13,958 (14.6%). About 90% of the students came from other Asian countries due to the geographical and cultural situation of Japan. Besides, the number of students enrolled at Japanese language educational institutions increased by 3,524 (9.0%) over the previous year and reached a total of 42,729 as of July 1, 2003. As for regions of origin, students from China, Korea, and Taiwan account for 93% of the entire foreign student body enrolled at the above institutions. 1 Trends in the number of foreign students in Japan ■Number of foreign students enrolled at universities, special training colleges or others (as of 1 May each year). (Unit: person) 110,000 109,508

100,000 98,135 95,550

90,000 85,024

80,000 78,812

70,000 68,270 64,011 60,000 53,787 53,847 55,755 52,405 51,047 53,640 52,921 51,298 50,000 48,561 45,066 45,57745,245 41,273 45,439 41,347 44,783 43,573 40,000 41,804 41,390 Total number of foreign students 38,775 35,360 31,251 Privately financed students 30,000 25,643 25,852 22,154 20,000 18,631 15,009 20,549 12,410 17,701 10,428 14,659 Japanese government scholarship students 8,051 8,250 8,323 8,774 8,930 9,173 9,009 9,746 10,000 11,733 6,408 6,880 7,371 9,267 5,219 5,699 7,483 4,118 4,465 4,961 Foreign government sponsored students 2,345 2,502 3,077 3,458 2,082 934 1,026 1,072 1,058 1,214 1,330 1,231 1,297 1,524 1,585 1,542 1,441 1,369 1,517 1,627 0 863 798 774 895 995 976 1983 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 (year) (Source: Student Services Division, MEXT) Note 1: Definition of the term "Foreign student enrolled at universities, special training college or others" A "foreign student enrolled at a university, college or others" means a student from a foreign country who is receiving education at any university, graduate school, junior college, college of technology, special training college or taking university preparatory courses and who resides in Japan with "college student" visa status, as defined in Annexed Table 1 of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act. Note 2: Foreign government sponsored students were sent by the following countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Uzbekistan, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Mongolia, China and the Republic of Korea. ■Number of foreign students enrolled at Japanese language educational institutions (as of 1 July each year) (Unit: person) 45,000 42,729 40,000 35,576 35,953 39,205 35,000 33,107 33,757 30,000 30,631 25,000 20,000 21,787 20,580 15,000 13,234 15,269 10,000 14,585 11,224 5,000 0 1991 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 (year) (Source: Association for the Promotion of Japanese Language Education) Note: Definition of the term "Foreign student enrolled at a Japanese language educational institution" A "foreign student enrolled at a Japanese language educational institution" means a student from a foreign country who is studying at one of the Japanese language 7 educational institutions screened and accredited by the Association for the Promotion of Japanese Language Education. 2 Number of foreign students by region of origin * The following table includes only those foreign students enrolled at universities, special training colleges or others. (as of 1 May 2003) Total: 109,508 Note: Figures in brackets show the number of Japanese government scholarship students (9,746)

Europe 2,759（2.5％） 〔1,198（12.3％）〕 North America Asia 1,553（1.4％） Middle and Near East 〔182（1.9％）〕 102,089（93.3％） 629（0.6％） 〔6,682（68.6％）〕 〔336（3.4％）〕

Africa Oceania Central and South America 914（0.8％） 545（0.5％） 〔502（5.2％）〕 〔199（2.0％）〕 1,019（0.9％） 〔647（6.6％）〕

3 Number of foreign students by country/region of origin * The following table includes only those foreign students enrolled at universities, special training colleges or others. (as of 1 May 2003)

Country/region Number of foreign students in Japan (Unit: person) China 70,814（ 1,748） Republic of Korea 15,871（ 971） Taiwan 4,235（ － ） Malaysia 2,002（ 276） Thailand 1,641（ 622） Indonesia 1,479（ 598） Vietnam 1,336（ 510） United States 1,310（ 125） Bangladesh 974（ 467） Mongolia 714（ 240） Others 9,132（ 4,189） Total 109,508（ 9,746）

Note: Figures in brackets show the number of Japanese government scholarship students

8 II Acceptance of Foreign Students in Japan

4 Number of foreign students by type of educational institution * The following table includes only those foreign students enrolled at universities, special training colleges or others. (as of 1 May 2003)

University preparatory course College of technology 1,822(1.6%) 337 Specialized training college (3.5%) 262(2.7%)

Specialized training college 21,233 College of technology (19.4%) 451 University (0.4%) (undergraduate) 1,483(15.2%) University (undergraduate) Junior college Graduate school 52,981 4,479 7,664 (48.4%) (4.1%) (78.6%)

Japanese government Graduate school scholarship students 28,542 9,746(100%) (26.1%) Total 109,508 (100%)

(as of 1 May each year) (Unit: person) 110,000 109,508

100,000 95,550

90,000

80,000 78,812

70,000

64,011 60,000 57,911 55,755 50,321 51,298 50,000 Total

40,000 39,502

University (undergraduate)/Junior college/College of technology 30,612 30,000 28,542 26,229 25,159 26,160 25,146 23,585 21,233 20,000 22,679 20,483 Graduate school 17,173 10,428 8,815 12,324 10,000 6,916 5,693 5,656 3,905 Specialized training college (Post secondary course) 1,840 1,827 1,822 University preparatory course 999 0 830 1983 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 200001 02 03 (year) Note: A university preparatory course is a course that has been designated by MEXT for students with a school education of less than 12 years in a foreign country. Upon completion of this course, such students are permitted to enter a Japanese university (see page 17). 9 5 Number of foreign students by Educational Institution and Sector * The following table includes only those foreign students enrolled at universities, special training colleges or others. (as of 1 May 2003)

(Unit: person)

University Graduate Junior College of Specialized University Total (undergraduate) school college technology training college preparatory course 8,344 19,618 18 368 2 0 28,350 National （7,754） （18,371） （18） （373） （0） （0） （26,516）

Local public 1,348 1,262 57 0 40 0 2,707 （1,261） （1,186） （54） （ 0） （41） （0） （2,542）

Private 43,289 7,662 4,404 83 21,191 1,822 78,451 （36,228） （6,672） （4,539） （94） （ 17,132） （ 1,827） （66,492）

Total 52,981 28,542 4,479 451 21,233 1,822 109,508 （45,243） （26,229） （4,611） （467） （ 17,173） （ 1,827） （95,550）

Note: Figures in brackets show the number as of May 1, 2002

6 Number of foreign students by region and prefecture of Japan * The following table includes only those foreign students enrolled at universities, special training colleges or others. (as of 1 May 2003)

(Unit: person)

Region Number Prefecture Number Region Number Prefecture Number 1,960 Mie 739 Hokkaido Hokkaido 1,960 （1.8％） Shiga 281 Kyoto 4,532 Aomori 390 Kinki 19,118 Osaka 9,033 Iwate 259 （17.4％） Hyogo 3,522 3,165 Miyagi 1,809 Tohoku Nara 876 （2.9％） Akita 131 Wakayama 135 Yamagata 251 Fukushima 325 Tottori 218 Shimane 166 Ibaraki 2,648 Chugoku 4,912 Okayama 1,595 Tochigi 1,182 （4.5％） Hiroshima 1,968 Gunma 1,361 Yamaguchi 965 Kanto 54,293 Saitama 4,824 （49.6％） Chiba 5,260 Tokushima 352 1,895 Kagawa 512 Tokyo 34,625 Shikoku Kanagawa 4,393 （1.7％） Ehime 797 Kochi 234 Niigata 1,599 Toyama 473 Fukuoka 5,136 Ishikawa 1,023 Saga 308 Fukui 287 Nagasaki 1,162 10,912 Kumamoto 579 Chubu 13,253 Yamanashi 668 Kyushu （12.1％） Nagano 609 （10.0％） Oita 2,336 Gifu 1,699 Miyazaki 289 Shizuoka 1,252 Kagoshima 573 Aichi 5,643 Okinawa 529

Note: Foreign students attending universities whose Total 109,508 campuses lie in two or more prefectures are included in the figure for the prefecture where the main office of the university is located. 10 II Acceptance of Foreign Students in Japan

7 Number of foreign students by field of study * The following table includes only those foreign students enrolled at universities, special training colleges or others. (as of 1 May 2003)

Total Sciences 109,508 1,433 (100%) (1.3%) Sciences Japanese government scholarship students 484 9,746(100%) (5.0%) Agriculture Engineering 2,583 (2.4%) 14,472 (13.2%) Humanities Medicine, dentistry, Humanities 26,990 pharmacy, etc. 1,303 (24.6%) 3,149 (2.9%) (13.4%) Social sciences Engineering 1,497 2,976 (15.4%) Home economics (30.5%) 2,485 Others Social sciences (2.3%) 16,038 Agriculture 36,245 (14.6%) 963 (33.1%) (9.9%)

Art Teacher training, etc. 479 (4.9%) 2,821 (2.6%) Art 100 (1.0%) Teacher training, etc. Medicine, dentistry, Others 1,048 (10.7%) 3,292 (3.0%) pharmacy, etc. Home economic 37 (0.4%) 859(8.8%)

8 Number of foreign students by university (Top 20 universities in order of the number of foreign students accepted, as of 1 May 2003)

(Unit: person)

Number of Number of Rank University name Rank University name foreign students foreign students

１ The University of Tokyo 2,070 11Nihon University 1,031 ２ Waseda University 1,593 12Kyushu University 998 ３ Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University 1,396 13Osaka Sangyo University 932 ４ Josai International University 1,300 14Ryutsu Keizai University 928 ５ Kyoto University 1,224 15Tokyo Institute of Technology 901 ６ Nagoya University 1,187 16Kobe University 868 ７ University of Tsukuba 1,139 17Yokohama National University 852 ８ Takushoku University 1,077 18Tokyo International University 801 ９ Tohoku University 1,054 19Hokkaido University 772 10Osaka University 1,044 20Hiroshima University 762

11 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

１．Measures before entering a Japanese university

1 Information and counseling services on study in Japan

In order to choose a university best suited to their objectives, embassies and consulates in their respective countries for foreign students must accurately understand the educational information and/or consultation. situation in Japan, including the educational features and The Center organizes Japan Education Fairs outside Japan with research the possibilities offered at each university. the participation of Japanese universities and other educational The Information Center of the Japan Student Services institutions, in order to provide information about Japan and the Organization (JASSO) can answer the questions of those special features of each university to students interested in individuals interested in studying in Japan and also offers all studying in Japan. Moreover, JASSO also offers an information kinds of information for people both inside and outside of Japan. service on the Internet (http://www.jasso.go.jp/). Those who wish to study in Japan may also contact Japanese

■Japan Education Fairs ●Purpose The purpose of Japan Education Fairs is to provide accurate information about Japan and the special educational features and research opportunities at each university. The Fairs are held with the participation of Japanese universities and other educational institutions in order to give those wishing to study in Japan the opportunity to choose educational institutions best suited to their Various information materials objectives.

（１）Overall program information sessions and seminars ○Lectures by former foreign students in Japan ○Explanation of the main concerns regarding study in Japan. （２）Individual consultation ○Individual counseling for those wishing to study in Japan at booths set up by participating universities and other institutions. ○As well as general information concerning education in University Information Fair (Tokyo) Japan, individual counseling for those wishing to study in Japan is provided at JASSO's booth. ○Running videotapes to introduce Japan or its universities, etc.

●Host countries/regions Host countries/regions include Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and China.

Japan Education Fair (Malaysia) 2 Procedures for entering Japan and visa application Foreign students entering Japan are required to obtain "college The inspection process concerning those who enter and reside in student" or "pre-college student" resident status. To obtain this Japan under the resident status of "college student" or "pre- status, they need their passports and visas. The passport should college student" has been simplified, including a decreased be obtained according to procedures set by each country, while number of documents required for regulatory submission, since the visa application is processed at the Japan Mission (Embassy January 2000 due to the decrease in the number of illegal aliens, or Consulate) in each country. Furthermore, in theory, during and inspections have been implemented depending on the state visa application, if one have previously applied for a completed of enrollment management by educational institutions. In recent application form for a certificate of eligibility for the resident years, however, the circumstances surrounding the foreign status at the Regional Immigration Bureau etc. and obtained the students have changed with newly increasing number of foreign certificate, it is possible to receive a visa in a short period of time. students illegally staying in Japan. Besides, some of the In addition, if a foreign student having entered Japan with a educational institutions are also making insufficient efforts status other than "college student" wishes to change their towards appropriate management of enrollment. Accordingly, resident status in Japan to "college student," an application for the inspection now focuses on foreign students' willingness to permission to change the resident status must be filed at the study, academic capabilities, and financial ability to pay the nearest Regional Immigration Bureau, where information necessary expenses. concerning the application procedures is provided. 12 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

3 System of Japanese language education ■System of Japanese language education Japanese language education to foreign students is given before institutions for privately financed students. As for foreign and after the entrance to universities or other higher educational government sponsored students, they are given preparatory institutions. Pre-entrance Japanese language education is provided education locally in their respective countries or at the Tokyo at the foreign student center in national universities (set up in 54 Japanese Language Education Center of the Japan Student Services universities as of FY year 2004. See p.14.) for Japanese government Organization (along with other basic subjects), etc. Post-entrance scholarship students, at the Japanese language educational Japanese language education is given by offering programs with a institution attached to universities (preparatory Japanese language title such as "Japanese/Japanese circumstances," and by providing courses. See p.15.) or private Japanese language educational extracurricular classes.

■Measures for students enrolled at Japanese language educational institutions • As stipulated in the Annexed table 1-4 of the Immigration Control • The MEXT, based on the understanding that many of the students and Refugee Recognition Act (Cabinet Order No.319 of 1951), attending Japanese language educational institutions intend to those who receive education in high schools (including the senior enter institutions of higher education, regards these students as course of secondary schools), or schools for the blind, or schools possible beneficiaries of part of the measures for foreign for deaf-mutes, or senior course of schools for disabled children, students, and has made those with "pre-college student" resident or senior or junior course of special training schools, or status eligible for the payment of Honors Scholarships. miscellaneous schools which do not come under the definition of (FY 2004 budget) school under the School Education Law (except those stipulated 1. Scholarship candidates:Those attending a Japanese language in the lower column in the section of overseas study of the above educational institution and intending to annexed table) or in educational institutions that are similar in enter a higher educational institution terms of facilities and organizations are required to obtain "pre- 2. Amount: ¥52,000 per month college student" resident status. 3. Number of recipients: 300 students • As of July 2003, 42,729 students study in one of the 388 (increased by 50 over the previous year) Japanese language educational institutions accredited by the (The payment of Honors Scholarships is made by the Japan Student Association for the Promotion of Japanese Language Education. Services Organization, starting from FY 2004.)

《Trends in the number of Japanese language educational institutions (by form of establishment)》

500 435 463 433 407 365 381 388 400 342 322 327 287 276 289 300 265 268 Number of institutions 200

100

0 198990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 (Source: Association for the Promotion of Japanese Language Education) Incorporated/School corporation Business corporations/Private companies Total Judicial foundations/Corporate judicial persons/Religious corporations Private organizations/Individuals/Syndicates (Note: As of 31 March for 2002 and preceding years and as of 1 May for 2003)

《Courses after the completion of the program in Japanese language educational institution》 Of 26,908 students who completed their programs in one of the Japanese language educational institutions in FY 2002, 18,463 (68.6%) entered universities and other higher educational institutions.

Students proceeded to higher educational institutions Departed for Specialized Graduate school Junior College of training college Miscellaneous countries/regions Total University Sub total college technology (Post-secondary schools of origin Regular students Research students course) 330 861 7,341 607 134 8,904 286 18,463 8,445 26,908 1.8％ 4.7％ 39.8％ 3.3％ 0.7％ 48.2％ 1.5％ 100.0％

(Source: Association for the Promotion of Japanese Language Education)

13 A list of national university foreign student centers (as of April 2004) Organization Students who receive preparatory education Length of study Year established Hokkaido University International Student Center 1991 Hirosaki University International Student Exchange Center 2003 Iwate University International Student Center 2002 Tohoku University International Student Center 1993 Yamagata University International Student Center 2003 University of Tsukuba International Student Center 1991 Ibaraki University International Student Center 2001 Utsunomiya University International Student Center 2002 Gunma University Center for International Studies 1999 Saitama University International Student Center 1997 Chiba University International Student Center 1991 The University of Tokyo International Student Center 1990 Tokyo Medical and Dental University International Student Center 2000 Tokyo Gakugei University International Student Exchange Center 1998 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology International Student Center 1994 International Student Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology 1994 Ochanomizu University International Student Center 2001 The University of Electro - Communications International Student Center 1995 Hitotsubashi University Center for Student Exchanger 1996 Yokohama National University International Student Center 1992 Niigata University International Student Center 1997 Nagaoka University of Technology International Student Center 2002 Toyama University International Student Center 1999 Kanazawa University International Student Center 1995 University of Fukui International Student Center 2003 University of Yamanashi International Student Center 2003 graduate students 6 months Shinshu University International Student Center 1999 Gifu University International Student Center 1996 Shizuoka University International Student Center 2000 Nagoya University Education Center for International Students 1993 Nagoya Institute of Technology International Student Center 2002 Toyohashi University of Technology International Student Center 2002 Mie University Center for International Students 1997 Kyoto University Center for Student Exchange 1990 Osaka University International Student Center 1994 Kobe University International Student Center 1993 Tottori University International Student Center 2003 Okayama University International Student Center 1992 Hiroshima University International Student Center 1990 Yamaguchi University International Student Center 2002 The University of Tokushima International Student Center 2002 Kagawa University International Student Center 2003 Ehime University International Student Center 2002 Kochi University International Student Center 2003 Kyushu University International Student Center 1992 Saga University International Student Center 2000 Nagasaki University International Student Center 1996 Kumamoto University International Student Center 1995 Oita University International Student Center 2003 Kagoshima University International Student Center 2000 University of the Ryukyus International Student Center 1998 National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies International Student Center 2002 Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Japanese Language Center for International Students 1992 undergraduate and graduate students 1 year/6months Osaka University of Foreign Studies Center for Japanese Language 1991

*The foreign student and Japanese language centers for foreign students listed above provide Japanese language training and other education and guidance for the foreign students admitted to each university in addition to Japanese language training for Japanese government scholarship students who will enroll as undergraduate or graduate students.

Japanese language class

14 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

Preparatory Japanese language courses established by private universities and junior colleges (as of April 2004) ●Universities (55) University Name of preparatory Japanese language courses Length of study Number of students accepted Year established Hokkaido Bunkyo University Japanese as a Foreign Language Course 25 2004 Higashi Nippon International University Special Course for Foreigners 60 1996 Ryutsu Keizai University Special Course for Foreign Students Japanese Studies Program 40 2003 Jyumonji University Intensive Japanese Language Program 80 2000 Josai University Japanese Studies Program 50 1990 Japanese Culture Studies Program 20 1990 Tokyo International University Japanese Language Program in the International School 40 1982 Nippon Institute of Technology The Japanese Language Course for Overseas Students 40 1993 Bunkyo University Foreign Student Department 40 1993 Meikai University Special Japanese Language Course 65 1991 Kanda University of International Studies Japanese Language and Culture Program 65 2000 Josai International Japanese Cultural Program 30 1998 University Japanese Language Studies Program 40 1998 Master Course in Business Management for Foreign Students 30 2001 Teikyo Heisei University Preparatory Japanese Language Course 1 120 2004 Reitaku University Japanese Language Course 60 1976 Asia university Intensive Japanese Course 70 1960 Kyorin University Special Japanese Language Training Course 80 1988 Keio University Japanese Language Program (Center for Japanese Studies Keio University) 180 1990 Soka University Institute of the Japanese Language 35 1976 Institute of the Japanese Language 65 2004 Taisho University Special Course in Japanese Language 40 1996 Daito Bunka University Japanese Language Program 20 1978 Takushoku University Japanese Language Course for Overseas Students Preparing for University Education 130 1972 Teikyo University Foreign Student’s Program 90 1980 Tokai University Japanese Language Course for Foreign Students 200 1964 Mejiro University Japanese and Asian Studies Program for International Students 20 2003 Waseda University International Division Program 60 1963 Intensive Japanese Language Program 60 1990 Toin University of Yokohama Japanese Language Course for Foreign Students 20 2001 Tokyo University of Social Welfare Japanese Language Program 2 250 2004 Hokuriku University Japanese Language Course for International Students 70 1994 Asahi University Japanese Language and Culture Course 60 2001 Gifu Keizai University Japanese Language program for International Students 30 2001 Aichi University Japanese Language and Japanese Culture 30 2002 Aichi Gakuin University Japanese Language Course for Foreign Students 30 1991 Aichi Sangyo University International Exchange Center 40 2002 Aichi Shukutoku University Center for Japanese Language and Culture 30 1992 Chubu University Japanese Language and Culture Program 30 1993 Nagoya University of Foreign Studies Japanese Language and Japanese Studies Program 40 2001 Nagoya Gakuin University Institute for Japanese Studies 30 1989 Nagoya University of Commerce & Business Special Course for Foreign Students 20 2003 Nanzan University Center for Japanese Studies 120 1974 Kyoto University of Foreign Studies Department of Japanese Studies 50 1980 Doshisha University Center for Japanese Language 1 90 1999 Ryukoku University Japanese Culture and Language Program 40 1985 Osaka International University School of Japanese Studies for Foreign Students 120 1993 Kansai Gaidai University Asian Studies Program 400 1975 Kinki University Japanese Language Program 30 1970 Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts Japanese Language Course for Foreign Students 30 2001 Takamatsu University Japanese Language Program 15 2002 Kyushu International University Japanese Language Course 60 1999 Kyushu Women’s University Institute for Japanese Language and Culture 30 1994 Kurume University Intensive Japanese Program 30 1999 Seinan Gakuin University International Division 30 1973 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science Japanese Language Studies 20 1978 Sojo University Japanese Language Course 40 2001 Nippon Bunri University Japanese Language Course 80 1992 Beppu University Intensive Japanese Course 80 1989 Okinawa University Japanese Language Program for International Students 30 1994

● Junior colleges (11) College Name of preparatory Japanese language courses Length of study Number of students accepted Year established Yamagata Junior College Japanese Language Section for Foreign Students 15 1999 Tsukuba International Junior College Japanese Language Course for Foreign Students 15 1989 Tokyo Management College The Institute for Japanese Language and Culture 40 2000 Sanno College, Jiyugaoka Japanese Language Section for Foreign Students 50 1989 Kinjo College Preparatory Japanese Language Course 20 2004 Tokoha Gakuen Junior College Japanese Language Program 1 30 1995 Aino College Japanese Language Section for Foreign Students 40 2003 Shoin Higashi Women’s Junior College Japanese Language Section for Foreign Students 40 2003 Ube College Japanese Language Course for Foreign Students 50 2002 Ehime Women’s College Japanese Language Course for Foreign Students 100 2001 Saga Women’s Junior College Faculty of Japanese 20 2002 * Such special courses may be established under the School Education Law at universities and junior colleges and aim to provide special simplified technical 15 education. The length of the course shall be one year or more. ■Preparatory education for foreign government Chinese Students bound for Japan sponsored students In recent years, some countries have sent students abroad at their Type of students Preparatory educational institutions Length of study Japanese government assistance own expense to develop their human resources and have asked the Preparatory School for Chinese Dispatch of teachers Doctoral Students studying in Japan 6 months (Japanese language and Japanese government to assist these students. Upon request from (Northeast Normal University, course level (26 weeks) special training teachers) such countries, the Japanese government will give assistance to Changchun, Jilin Province, China) these countries, as part of its commitment to the promotion of Malaysian-government sponsored students international assistance. Currently, the Japanese government assists students sent and Type of students Preparatory educational institutions Length of study Japanese government assistance Dispatch of teachers sponsored by the governments of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, 2nd year University of Malaya Center for Undergraduate 2 years Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait by providing 1st year Foundation Studies in Science (Japanese language and other subjects) preparatory education, including Japanese language classes (see ODA Loan Project diagram), and cooperating as required based on liaison and 2nd year Mara Education Foundation Liaison/Coordination Undergraduate st 2 years coordination with universities and other educational institutions 1 year Japanese Matriculation Centre ODA Loan Project (Please note that some of the classes are not currently available for University of Technology of new entry.) Technical 2nd year Liaison/Coordination Malaysia Center for Preparatory 2 years In addition, the Northeast Normal University in Changchun, Jilin college 1st year ODA Loan Project Province, China hosts a Japanese university preparatory program Course in Japanese Technical Studies where future exchange students can prepare themselves for later Indonesian-government sponsored students study in Japan. Type of students Preparatory educational institutions Length of study Japanese government assistance

Undergraduate 6 months Liaison/Coordination Tokyo Japanese Language Education Center Graduate 1 year ODA Loan Project

Thai-government sponsored students

Type of students Preparatory educational institutions Length of study Japanese government assistance Upper Secondary Private Japanese Language Schools One year School Students

Undergraduate Tokyo Japanese Language 18 months Liaison/Coordination Education Center Graduate One year

Singaporean-government sponsored students

Type of students Preparatory educational institutions Length of study Japanese government assistance

Tokyo Japanese Language Undergraduate One year Liaison/Coordination Education Center

United Arab Emirates-government sponsored students

Type of students Preparatory educational institutions Length of study Japanese government assistance

Local preparatory education (Malaysia) Tokyo Japanese Language Undergraduate 18 months Liaison/Coordination Education Center

Kuwaiti-government sponsored students

Type of students Preparatory educational institutions Length of study Japanese government assistance

Tokyo Japanese Language Undergraduate 18 months Liaison/Coordination Education Center

A scene of International students enjoying Japanese traditional festivities Interchange with Japanese university students (International Forum) 16 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

■Role of university preparatory course Students who have been educated outside Japan and wish to who are at least 18 years old are given qualifications for entering be accepted at a Japanese university are required to have Japanese universities. undergone either 12 years of education in their own country, or As of April 2004, there are 20 educational institutions in Japan have academic ability equivalent to or exceeding that of those that offer University Preparatory Courses. who have completed this period education. However, in some countries such as the Philippines or Malaysia less than 12 years Reference: Examples of countries which do not require 12 years are taken to complete one's secondary education. to complete one's secondary education: Due to the differences mentioned above, foreign students from 11 years: Malaysia, Laos and Myanmar countries where less than 12 years are taken to complete one’s 10 years: Philippines, Nepal, Pakistan and Mongolia secondary education who have completed University Preparatory Course at one of the institutions designated by the MEXT and

University Preparatory Course List (as of April 2004)

Name of educational institution Name of university preparatory course Location Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Japanese Language Center for International Students University Preparatory Course Fuchu-shi,Tokyo Osaka University of Foreign Studies Center for Japanese Language University Preparatory Course Minoo-shi,Osaka Academic Institution Mitsui Gakuen Musashi-Urawa 1 year University Preparatory Course Saitama-shi, Japanese Language Institute 1.5 year University Preparatory Course Saitama Japanese Language School affiliated with Tokyo April-starting University Entrance Preparatory Course Shinjuku-ku, International University October-starting University Entrance Preparatory Course Tokyo Japanese Language Course 1 Shinjuku-ku, Shinjuku Japanese Language Institute Japanese Language Course 2 Tokyo Japanese Language Course 3 Tokyo Japanese Language Education Center 1 year University Preparatory Course Shinjuku-ku, Japan Student Services Organization 1.5 year University Preparatory Course Tokyo Takushoku University Japanese Language Institute University Entrance Preparatory Course Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo Asian Students Cultural Association 1 year Course Bunkyo-ku, 1.5 year Course Tokyo 1 year University Prep Course Shibuya-ku, Tokyo School of the Japanese Language 1.5 year University Prep Course Tokyo 2 year Preparatory Course 1 year Course Shibuya-ku, Yamano Japanese Language School 1.5 year Course Tokyo College Preparatory Course-A Itabashi-ku, Shukutoku Japanese Language School College Preparatory Course-B Tokyo College Preparatory Course-A Kita-ku, Jet Academy College Preparatory Course-B Tokyo Shizuoka Japanese Education Center Preparatory Entrance Examination Course Shizuoka-shi,Shizuoka International Language Institute College Preparatory Course Shizuoka-shi,Shizuoka Kyoto Japanese Training Center at Kyoto School of 1 year University Preparatory Course Kyoto-shi, Computer Science, Kamogawa Campus 1.5 year University Preparatory Course Kyoto Osaka Japanese Language Education Center - Japan 1 year Regular Course Osaka-shi, Student Services Organization 1.5 year Regular Course Osaka Eisugakkan Okayama School Japanese Language Department 1.5 year course for the preparation of university Okayama-shi,Okayama 1.5 year University Supplementary Course Fukuoka-shi, Kyushu Eisugakkan International Language Academy 2 year University Supplementary Course Fukuoka Preparatory School for Studying in Japan of Northeast Normal University, China Jilin Province, China 15 months Preparatory Course for Studies to Japan Teikyo Malaysia Japanese Language Institute Kuala Lumpur 18 months Preparatory Course for Studies to Japan (Institut Bahasa Teikyo-IBT) Malaysia 20 months Preparatory Course for Studies to Japan

17 4 Recruitment of Japanese government scholarship students

The Japanese government (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, scholarships students: Science and Technology) scholarship student system was • Acceptance from overseas established in 1954, and since then around 62,000 foreign students 1) Recommendation by a Japanese embassy or consulate from about 160 countries and regions in the world have been general through the Japanese diplomatic mission in the accepted (as of the end of FY year 2003). recruiting country (see chart 1). 1. Types of Japanese government scholarship students: 2) Recommendation by the accepting university through the The Japanese government scholarship student system is academic and student exchange agreement (see chart 2). comprised of seven programs for the following types of students: 3) Others (see chart 3) Research students, teacher-training students, undergraduate • Screening within Japan for privately financed students to become students, Japanese studies students, college of technology students, Japanese government scholarship students (see chart 4). specialized training college students and Young Leaders' Program students (see p.25 "Assistance for foreign students living in Japan"). The state of recruitment and screening is as follows: 2. Procedures for and selection of Japanese government

Screening overseas Types of students Screening within Japan Embassy/Consulate University general recommendation recommendation Others Research students ○ ○ × ○ (regular curriculum)

Graduate school Teacher-training students ○ × × × Young Leaders’ × × ○ × Program students

Undergraduate students ○ × × ○ (final year) Undergraduate Japanese studies students ○ ○ × ×

College of technology students ○ × × ×

Specialized training college students ○ × × ×

The “○” indicates where recruitment/screening is carried out. The “×” indicates where recruitment/screening is not carried out.

First orientation for incoming students

18 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

Chart 1: Recruitment and screening process for Japanese government scholarship students through the recommendation of an embassy/consulate general Classification *Period Process Responsible organizations Contents Previous Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japanese diplomatic mission s Dec. Mar. Recruiting abroad)/ Government and universities of the home country Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japanese diplomatic mis- Document screening/ Mar.-Apr. Jun.-Aug. First round of selection sion s abroad) written tests*1/inter- (Preliminary examinations are given in some countries.) views Before Document screening by entering Oct. Second round of selection Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology Selection Committee Japan Jun.-Jul. Consult with educational institution Next Feb. Notification of results (-Jul.) Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology Next Mar. Japanese embassies and consulates Sending flight tickets/ Sept. (Sept.) Procedures for entering Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technolo- Acquisition of entry vi- gy/ Japanese embassies and consulates sas Next Apr. Oct. Enter Japan Meeting at the airports (Oct.) Japan Student Services Organization Japanese language educational institutions authorized by During Japanese language study in Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology/*2 stay in Japan Education at institution of higher education Universities and other institutions

Return to home country After returning to home Japan Student Services Organization/ Universities, Follow-up donation of country Follow-up etc. technical publications

Period: The left dates refer to students on Japanese Studies, Japanese Culture Studies and Teacher Training programs. The right dates refer to students on "Undergraduate Student," "Research Student," "College of Technology Student," "Senshu-gakko (special training college) Student" programs.

Type of Student ＊１ Written test subjects ＊２ Authorized Japanese language educational institution Foreign Student Center in national universities, etc. Research students Japanese (6 months) Graduate level Foreign Student Center in national universities, etc. Teacher-training students Japanese, English (6 months) [social science and humanities] Japanese, English, Mathematics (A), World History Japanese Language Center for Foreign Students at Undergraduate students [natural sciences] Tokyo University of Foreign Studies and Osaka University Japanese, English, Mathematics (B), Sciences Undergraduate (Two subjects selected from Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.) of Foreign Studies (1 year) level Japanese studies students Japanese

Tokyo Japanese Language Education Center of the College of technology students Japanese, Mathematics, Physics or Chemistry Japan Student Services Organization (1 year)

Senshu-gakko Bunka Institute of Language, Osaka Japanese Language Education Japanese, English, Mathematics (Specialized training college students) Center of the Japan Student Services Organization (1 year) Chart 2: Recruitment and screening process for Japanese government Chart 3: Other recruitment and screening processes scholarship students through the recommendation of a university for Japanese government scholarship students

Scheduled time Research Student Japanese studies students, Japanese culture studies Young Leaders’ Program (YLP) students ・Notification of recruitment to recommending January Notification of recruitment to university Notification of recruitment to university institution through Ministry of Foreign Affairs Middle of April Recommendation deadline Recommendation deadline (Japanese diplomatic missions abroad) ・Recommendation deadline June Screening committee convenes (selectee decided) Screening committee convenes (selectee decided) ・First screening by the accepting university October Selectee comes to Japan Selectee comes to Japan ・Second screening (decided by the YLP Promotion Council established by MEXT) ・Selectee comes to Japan (studies commence in Sep./Oct.) Chart 4: Recruiting/Screening within Japan of Japanese Note: Dates have not been decided yet. government scholarship students Scheduled time Research and undergraduate students October Notification of recruitment to university January Deadline for candidate recommendation February Screening committee convenes (selectee decided) April Japanese government scholarship students selected 19 5 Admittance of privately financed foreign students

(1) Acceptance of privately financed foreign students to universities, (2) Screening of privately financed foreign applicants etc. When conducting academic aptitude tests, careful thought must be There are two methods of accepting privately financed foreign given to those privately financed foreign students who have studied students at universities and other institutions under an education system that differs from that of Japan. ① Direct enrollment through screening conducted by a university To accommodate this situation, the JASSO started implementing or another institution the Examination for Japanese University Admission for International ② Enrollment in a university or other institution after completing a Students (EJU) in 2002 for those who wish to study at Japanese course in Japanese of about one year at a private Japanese universities at the undergraduate level both inside and outside Japan language institute. in order to be used in conjunction selecting privately financed foreign students at each university (see p.21).

General process for accepting privately financed foreign students

Classification Acceptance Process Responsible organizations Counseling { JASSO/Ministry of Foreign Affairs a (Japanese diplomatic missions abroad)/ universities in Japana ※１ ※ 2

Examination for Japanese

Before entering Japan University Admission b JASSO

for International Students (EJU) { Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Immigration procedures c (Japanese embassies and consulates)

/Ministry of Justice Japanese language study { Private Japanese language institutions and in Japan Japanese language institutions attached to universities

Examination for Japanese University Admission d JASSO for International Students (EJU) During stay in Japan

Selection of students e Universities and other institutions

Education at institutions of higher education

Return to home country

After returning to home country Follow-up f JASSO,/universities and other institutions a: Provide information about study in Japan b and d: Refer to: Testing Division, Student Exchange Department, Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) c: Ministry of Justice (Regional Immigration Bureaus): Issue Certificates of Eligibility for Resident Status Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japanese diplomatic missions abroad): Issue Visas. e: Implement special selection of foreign students. f: Prepare a list of foreign students who have returned to their home countries. ※1 Advancement to university through taking EJU after completing Japanese language training in Japan ※2 Receiving permission for admission and taking EJU before coming to Japan (Japanese language training may be required after coming to Japan in some cases)

20 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

6 Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU)

■Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU) Objectives Until recently, foreign students who wish to enter a Japanese students to Japan and has been widely administered overseas, university were required to come to Japan beforehand to take the enabling foreign students to obtain permission to enter Japanese General Examination for Foreign Students (last implemented in universities before coming to Japan. EJU was developed to make it 2001) and the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, then take easier for foreign students to be tested and has been carried out by another test independently administered by the admitting university, the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) since 2002. It has etc. replaced the General Examination for Foreign Students and the When Compared with schools in Europe and North America, the Japanese Language proficiency Test. system of selection for entrance to Japanese universities seems Diverse ways of making good use of this test are feasible, as complicated. Foreign students who wish to study in Japan face universities can select for examinees the specific examination difficulties during the admittance process, and this may result in subjects needed for the entrance screening process from among the many students hesitating to study in Japan. EJU test subjects. EJU was introduced in 2002 to attract many outstanding foreign

■Contents of the Examination/Administration Procedures Test Dates: The test is held twice a year on the 3rd Sunday in June and November. Test Sites: In Japan: 15 cities in Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, Kyushu, Okinawa Outside Japan: The examination is administered in 14 cities, mainly in Asia in FY 2004. Indonesia (Jakarta and Surabaja), Korea (Seoul and Pusan), Singapore (Singapore), Thailand (Bangkok), Taiwan (Taipei), Philippines (Manila), Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur), Myanmar (Yangon), Mongolia (Ulan Bator), and Russia (Vladivostok is under review). Test Subjects: Humanities: Japanese, Japan and the World, Mathematics Sciences: Japanese, Science, (Select 2 of the following: Physics, Chemistry, Biology), Mathematics Languages used in the test: Japanese and English Answer Method: Multiple-Choice (An answer sheet is provided.) (The Japanese as a foreign language includes a writing section.) Other:* Introduction of a system where students may choose the subjects they wish to take and a system where students are allowed to use their test scores from two previous years * Students who achieved outstanding scores on the test are eligible for reservations for the Government Honors Scholarships for Privately Financed Foreign Students.

■Support measures to promote EJU To promote receiving entrance permission to a Japanese Scholarships for Privately Financed Foreign Students (see p.26). university before entering Japan, MEXT and JASSO are currently Further information on EJU testing practices, universities that use inviting privately financed foreign students who are entering the EJU, universities that grant entrance permission before entering Japanese universities with outstandingly high scores in EJU to apply Japan and the test subjects is posted on JASSO website to become scheduled recipients of the Government Honors (http://www.jasso.go.jp/).

■Procedures for Evaluating Test Scores The Examination for Japanese University Admission for difficulty of the questions in different tests and adjusting the scores International Students (EJU) is held twice a year, once in June and to improve comparability. It is currently being implemented in once in November. If the two tests differ in level of difficulty, it is various tests, including the TOEFL test in the United States. difficult to compare the scores of students who take the tests at Equalizing the scores of two different tests is achieved by using the different times, because it might interfere with the selection process base scale and finding the equated scores. when trying to decide whom to admit to each university. The scores are not shown as they are. Instead, they are To avoid this situation and ensure that the EJU scores are expressed as scores (equated scores) on the common base scale. evaluated fairly, the equating method is used. Thus, EJU is a fair indicator of an individual's performance and Equating is a method of fairly comparing the test scores of does not reflect the level of difficulty of the questions nor the overall examinees by taking into account the difference in the level of performance of a group of examinees.

21 ２． Student's Period of Study in Japan

1 Educational system in Japan for foreign students

■Education and Guidance ■Receiving a degree in Japan To promote the admission of foreign students, it is important that It is important for foreign students to receive degrees for their universities and other educational institutions are well prepared and future careers after returning to their home countries. attractive to foreign students. National universities are making Foreign students are comparable to Japanese students in their improvements and innovations for the better education and research ability to obtain a degree. It is more difficult, however, for both guidance of foreign students, including the establishment of Short- foreign and Japanese students to obtain a degree at doctorate level Term Student Exchange Programs for undergraduate foreign for courses in the humanities in Japan than in other countries, such students (see p.36) and special courses in English in graduate as the U.S. One reason for amending the Regulation on Academic schools (see. pp.23-24) to meet diverse needs, while allocating part Degrees in June 1991 was to improve the academic degree system of the subsidies for administrative costs to expenses for the to enable the smoother awarding of academic degrees at graduate education and guidance of foreign students. level. With these amendments, it is expected that foreign students Special subsidies based on the number of foreign students will be able to obtain graduate degrees with less difficulty. admitted are also granted to private universities and other private institutions to assist them with their current expenditure.

●Master’s and Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Foreign Students (fiscal 2001)

Course Master's course Doctoral course

Enrolled Degree awarded Enrolled Degree awarded b / a b / a Major field (a) (b) (a) (b) students students ％ students students ％ Humanities 3,570 2,684 75 747 168 22 Natural sciences 1,852 1,539 83 1,975 1,221 62 Total 5,422 4,223 78 2,722 1,389 51

Note: 1. The figures for students enrolled in master’s courses are for fiscal 2001. Those enrolled in doctoral courses are for fiscal 2000 (for Medicine and Dentistry courses, fiscal 1999). 2. The figures for students who earned degrees are as of March 2003.

Graduation award ceremony

22 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

Special Courses in English for Foreign Students at National Graduate Schools (FY2004)

Name of Graduate School/Department Fields of Study Length of study Number of students accepted Year established Master's course specially set up for foreign students Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Graduate School of Agriculture Environmental Preservation Program, Living Resource Production Master's course: about 23 students(15) 1999 Research Special Course for International Environmental Agriculture Program, Regional Development and Environmental Agriculture Program 2 years Hitotsubashi University Graduate School of International General Taxation policy; Government Expenditure Planning; Planning for Master's course: about 14 students(14) 1998 Corporate strategy Asian Tax and Public Policy Program the regulation of various economic activities; Taxation and Public Policy 2 years Niigata University Graduate School of Modern Society Master's course: Law, Public Administration about 10 students(10) 2002 and Culture Special Course for Foreign Students 2 years Nagaoka University of Technology International Graduate Mechanical Engineering Electrical, and Electronics and Information Engineering Materials Science and Technology Civil Master's course: about 15 students(5) 1994 Course for Continuing Professional Development Engineering Environmental System Engineering Bioengineering Management and Information Systems Engineering 2 years Nagoya University Graduate School of Law Department of Combined Programs for Law and Political Fundamental Studies in Law and Political Science, International Relations, International Master's course: about 8 students(3) 1999 Science LL..M.(Comparative Law) Special Program in Law and Political Science for International Students Economic Law, Studies in Comparative Law and Politics, Administration, and Academic Writing 2 years Toyohashi University of Technology Master Programs Mechanical Engineering, Production System Engineering, Materials Master's course: about 16 students(10) 2000 Given in English Graduate School of Engineering Science, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Ecological Engineering 2 years Kobe University Master's Program in English, Economic development and policies, international cooperation policy Master's course: about 18 students(15) 2002 Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies studies, regional cooperation policy studies 2 years Tottori University Special Program for Foreign Agricultural Research for Arid Regions, Livestock Production, Environmental Biology, Bio- Master's course: about 6 students(2) 2000 Students in Arid Land Agricultural Sciences Resource Science, Biological and Agricultural Research on Environmental and Food Problem 2 years Shimane University Graduate Course in Earth and Geo-environmental Science (Special Agricultural Research for Arid Regions, LivestockÅ@Production, Environmental Biology, Bio- Master's course: about 6 students(2) 2000 Program for International Students) Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Resource Science, Biological and Agricultural Research on Environmental and Food Problem 2 years Yamaguchi University Graduate Course in Bioresources Agricultural Research for Arid Regions, Livestock Production, Environmental Biology, Living Master's course: about 3 students(1) 2000 Science Special Program for International Students Resource Science, Biological and Agricultural Research on Environmental and Food Problems 2 years The University of Tokushima Special English Courses Master's course: International Environment, Preventive Medicine about 4 students(2) 2002 in International Environment and Preventive Medicine 2 years Kagawa University Graduate School of Agriculture Special Master's Course Master's course: Horticulture Science, Food Life Science, Coastal Environmental Science about 8 students(3) 2002 Program for Foreign Students in Asia, Africa and the Pan-Pacific Region 2 years Ehime University Graduate School of Agriculture Special Course Master's course: Bioresource Science about 8 students(3) 2002 in Bioresource Science from Asia, Africa and the Pacific Rim 2 years Kochi University Special Program for Foreign Postgraduate Agricultural Science: Forestry, Fisheries Science in relation to Asia, Master's course: about 8 students(3) 2000 Students in Agriculture in Asia, Africa and the Pan-Pacific Region Africa and the Pan-Pacific Region 2 years Nagasaki University Postgraduate Special Program Biological Sciences of Infectious Diseases, Medicinal Sciences of Infectious Master's course: about 3 students(3) 2004 for Foreign Students in Biomedical Sciences Diseases, Biological Sciences, Hygienic Sciences, Environmental Sciences 2 years Kumamoto University Special Program for International Postgraduate Science and Technology for Chemistry and Physics, Materials Science and Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Mathematics and Master's course: about 4 students(2) 2000 Students in the Graduate School of Science and Technology Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Science, Systems in Natural Environment, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Architecture 2 years University of The Ryukyus Special Graduate Program in Marine Sciences for Master's course: Marine Sciences related to Earth Sciences, Chemistry and Biology about 10 students 1989 International Students, Graduate School of Engineering and Science 2 years University of The Ryukyus Special Graduate Program for International Students in Archipelago Research relating to Machinery, Construction, Electricity, Information, Master's course: about 8 students(3) 1999 Environmental Engineering Course, Graduate School of Engineering and Science Math, and Physics 2 years Master's course and Doctoral course specially set up for foreign students Hokkaido University Graduate School of Agriculture Soil Science, Plant Nutrition, Biochemistry, Bioorganic, Chemistry, Ecological Chemistry, Nutritional Master's course: 2 years about 5 students 1997 Special Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Chemistry Biochemistry, Food Biochemistry, Applied Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Molecular Enzymology Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students Hokkaido University Graduate School of Agriculture English Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Urban and Environmental Master's course: 2 years about 6 students 2000 Graduate Program in Socio-Environmental Engineering Engineering, Environment and Resources Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years about 6 students International Graduate Program for Advanced Science Science 1)Chimistry and Biochemistry Program 2)Multi-scale Natural Master's course: 2 years about 15 students(10) 2004 (IGPAS) Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Science Program 3)Earth and Planetary Science Program Doctoral course: 3 years University of Tokyo International Graduate Master's course: 2 years Civil Engineering/Urban Engineering about 45 students(20) 1982 Program for Civil and Urban Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years University of Tokyo International Graduate Master's course: 2 years Engineering for Systems Innovation about 15 students(5) 1989 Program in Engineering for Systems Innovation Doctoral course: 3 years University of Tokyo International Graduate Program Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Synthesis, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Master's course: 2 years about 15 students(5) 1999 in Mechanical, Electrical and materials Engineering Materials Engineering, Aeronautics and Astronautics, Chemical System Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years Tokyo Institute of Technology International Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Program Materials Engineering Program Mechanical Systems Programs Electrical Engineering and Master's course: 2 years about 72 students(35) 1993 Graduate Course Computer Science Program Social, Civil and Architectural Engineering Program Nuclear Engineering Program Biomolecular Science Program Doctoral course: 3 years Yokohama National University Special Graduate Program of Civil Engineering Master's course: 2 years Civil Engineering and Naval Architecture about 5 students 1989 Architecture and MarineTechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years University of Fukui Graduate School of Engineering Fiber Amenity Engineering Nuclear Power and Energy Safety Master's course: 2 years about 3 students(3) 2001 Special General International Engineering Course Engineering Materials and System Design Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years about 9 students(3) Kyoto Institute of Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Division of Advanced Master's and Doctoral Advanced Fibro-Science and the related field about 2 students(2) 2004 Fibro-Science International Graduate Program for Interdisciplinary Study in Science and Technology course: 4 years in total Osaka University Graduate School of Bioresources Function Development, Bioprocess Development, Master's course: 2 years about 11 students(4) 2002 Engineering Special Course in Biotechnology Cell Environment Control Doctoral course: 3 years Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Nanoscience, Environment&Energy Science, Robotics, System Master's course: 2 years about 15 students(15) 2003 Science Engineering Science 21st Special Informatics, Semiconductor Devices, Photonics Doctoral course: 3 years Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Special Master's course: 2 years Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering about 5 students(5) 2004 Course in Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years Osaka University of Foreign Studies Faculty of Graduate Studies Research School for Integrated Master's course: 2 years about 7 students(2) 2000 Japanese Language and Cultural Research Studies in Language and Society Special Graduate Program for Japanese Language and Literature Doctoral course: 3 years about 7 students(2) 2002 Shimane University Graduate Course in Earth and Geo- Solid Earth Science, Mineral Resources Science, Geoenvironmental Master's course: 2 years about 6 students(2) environmental Science (Special Program for International Students) Science, Geosystems Engineering and Natural Resources Process 1990 Doctoral course: 3 years about 2 students Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Engineering Hiroshima University Special Course on International Cooperation Studies, Development Economics, International Relations, Environmental Conservation, Educational Master's course: 2 years about 7 students(4) 1998 Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Development, Cultural Dynamics and Several studies on international development and cooperation Doctoral course: 3 years about 4 students Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Master's course: 2 years about 5 students(5) International Development Research 1994 Sciences, Special Course on International Development Research Doctoral course: 3 years about 8 students(3) Kyushu University LL.M. Program in Master's course: 1 years about 13 students(3) 1996 International Economic and Business Law International Economics and Business Law Doctoral course: 3 years about 4 students(1) 1999 Saga University Postgraduate Special Joint Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Ecomaterial Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Master's course: 2 years about 10 students(4) Program(PSJP)for Students in International and Electronic Engineering, Civil Engineering, Advanced Systems Control Engineering, Agricultural Sciences, 1995 Doctoral course: 3 years about 10 students(3) Environmental Sciences Applied Biological Sciences, Energy and Materials Science, Engineering Systems and Technology National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies Theoretical/Empirical Education and Research on Formation and Master's course: 1 years about 33 students(18) 2000 Special Course in Policy Studies Implementation of National Policies Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students(2) 2002

23 Name of Graduate School/Department Fields of Study Length of study Number of students accepted Year established Keio University Graduate School of Science and Technology Nano Science, Electronics and Photonics, Mechanics and Manufacturing, Computer Master's course: 2 years about 20 students(10) 2003 International Graduate Programs on Advanced Science and Technology Science and Communication Technology, Environment and Multi-Scale Dynamics Doctoral course: 3 years Ritsumeikan University Graduate School of Science and Material-Energy Science and Engineering Civil, Environmental, and Master's course: 2 years about 20 students(17) 2001 Engineering International Technology and Management Biological Engineering Information Science and Systems Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students(3) 2004 Doctoral course specially set up for foreign students Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering Environmental Engineering, Information and Communications, Medical Doctoral course: 3 years about 25 students(8) 2001 International Doctoral Program in Engineering Engineering, Energy, Materials Saitama University Graduate School of Science Environment Management and Infrastructure Development Engineering, Materials Engineering, Doctoral course: 3 years about 28 students(13) 1992 and Engineering Special English Course Industrial Sciences, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Information and Mathematical Sciences University of Tokyo Graduate School of Agricultural Development Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students 1991 Agricultural and Life Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School Dental Science Doctoral course: 4 years about 7 students(3) 1998 Graduate Dental Science Course for International Students Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School Graduate Public Health Doctoral course: 4 years about 6 students(2) 2001 Public Health Leader Course for International Students Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Course of Applied Marine Biosciences: Bioscience, Advanced Food Science and Technology, Genome Science, Fish Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Health Management, Applied Microbiology, Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Science Course of Applied Marine Doctoral course: 3 years about 7 students(2) 2000 Intensive Doctoral Program of Marine Science and Environmental Studies: Marine Ecosystem Studies, Ocean Science and Technology, Applied Ocean Engineering, Technology for International Students Logistics Engineering, Marine Machinery and Systems, Industrial Policy and Culture, Marine Exploring and Utilization Tokyo University of Agriculture United Graduate School of Bio-production, Bioengineering, Resources, Environmental Science Doctoral course: 3 years about 15 students(11) 2001 Agriculture Science Special Course for international students Nagaoka University of Technology International Graduate Mechanical Engineering Electrical, and Electronics and Information Engineering Materials Science and Technology Civil Doctoral course: 3 years about 9 students(3) 1999 Course for Continuing Professional Development Engineering Environmental System Engineering Bioengineering Management and Information Systems Engineering Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Innovative Doctoral course: 3 years about 6 students 2001 Science and Technology International Special Course Technology and Science, Material Sciences, Environmental Science and Engineering, Life Sciences Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Division of Neuroscience, Division of Cancer Medicine, Division of Doctoral course: 4 years about 6 students(3) 2001 Doctorate Program International Medical Science Course Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Environmental Science University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering Engineering for integrated river basin management such as hydrological and meteorological Doctoral course: 3 years about 10 students(10) 2004 International Doctoral Course for Integrated River Basin Management in Asian Monsoon Region simulation, water quality assessment and treatment, basin planning and so on. Gifu University United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Special Course Science of Biological Production, Science of Biological Environment, Doctoral course: 3 years about 9 students(3) 2001 on International Agricultural Research and the Cultivation of Materials Science of Biological Resources The Graduate School of Electronic Science Electronic Science Doctoral course: 3 years about 6 students(3) 2004 and Technology Shizuoka University Nagoya University Department of Civil Civil Engineering Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students 1986 Engineering, Graduate school of Engineering Nagoya University Graduate School of Environmental Studies Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science Doctoral course: 3 years about 6 students(2) 2002 Environmental Sciences Special Program of Sciences of Atmosphere and Hydrosphere Kyoto University Graduate School of Civil and Earth Resources Eng. , Urban Management, Urban and Environmental Eng. , Architecture and Architectural Eng. , Mechanical Eng. , Engineering Engineering International Doctoral Program Physics and Mechanics, Precision Eng, . Nuclear Eng. , Materials Science and Eng. , Aeronautics and Astronautics Electrical Eng. , Electronic Science and Eng. , Doctoral course: 3 years about 30 students(9) 2001 in Engineering Material Chemistry, Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Molecular Eng. , Polymer Chemistry, Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Chemical Eng. Kyoto University Graduate School of Energy Science Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Fundamental Energy Science, Doctoral course: 3 years about 15 students(7) 2001 International Doctoral Program in Energy Science Energy Conversion Science, Energy Science and Technology Kyoto University Graduate School of Economics General Economics Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students(3) 2002 Special Doctoral Economics Course Kyoto University Graduate School of Informatics Intelligence Science and Technology, Social Informatics, Applied Analysis and Complex Dynamical Systems, Doctoral course: 3 years about 8 students(3) 2004 International Doctoral Program in Informatics Applied Mathematics and Physics, Systems Science, Communications and Computer Engineering Kobe University Development Studies Course(Doctoral Program Economic development and policies, international cooperation policy Doctoral course: 3 years about 3 students(1) 1999 in English), Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies studies, regional cooperation policy studies Kobe University Graduate School of Science Mathematics and Physics, Molecular Science and Material Engineering, Earth and Planetary System Sciences, and Technology Special Doctoral Course in Informatics and Electronics, Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Science for Regional and Built Environment, Doctoral course: 3 years about 10 students(3) 1999 English Food Systems and Field Science, Maritime Sciences, Biosystems Science, Bioresource and Agrobiosciences Kobe University English Course for Bioscience and Medical Bioscience and Medical Science Doctoral course: 4 years about 3 students(3) 2004 Science. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Tottori University Special Program for Foreign Agricultural Research for Arid Regions, Livestock Production, Environmental Biology, Bio- Doctoral course: 3 years about 12 students(4) 2000 Students in Biosciences and Environmental Science Resource Science, Biological and Agricultural Research on Environmental and Food Problem Hiroshima University The Special course for Common research theme extended over multiple fields among Mechanical System the Interdisciplinary Engineering at Graduate Engineering, Artifical Complex System Engineering, Information Engineering, Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students 1988 School of Engineering Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Social and Environmental Systems Engineering Okayama University Graduate School of Mathematical Science and Electronic Technology, Manufacturing System and Physical Science, Molecular and Material Natural Science and Technology Special Science, Biotechnological and Pharmaceutical Science, Biomolecular Science, Resource Management and Doctoral course: 3 years about 16 students(8) 2001 Course for International Students Environmental Science, Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Science and Technology for Energy Conversion The university of Tokushima Special English courses Doctoral course: 3 years about 2 students(1) International Environment, Preventive Medicine 2002 in International Environment and Preventive Medicine Doctoral course: 4 years about 2 students(1) Ehime University United Graduate School of Tropical and subtripical agriculture and related sciences Doctoral course: 3 years about 6 students 1990 Agricultural Sciences Ehime University United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Special Three-year Biomass Production Studies, Biomass Utilization Studies, Biomass Doctoral course: 3 years about 24 students(9) 2002 Program for Foreign Students in Tropical and Subtropical agriculture and Related Sciences Conservation Studies Kyushu University Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Department of Molecular and Material Sciences,Department of Advanced Doctoral course 3 years about 12 students(5) 1999 International Special Course on Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Energy Engineering Science,Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Department of Earth System Science and Technology Kyushu University Graduate School of Engineering International Engineering and other related sciences Doctoral course 3 years about 20 students(10) 2002 Special Course on Environmental Systems Engineering Kumamoto University Special Program for International Postgraduate Industrial Science, Systems and Information, Environmental Science, Doctoral course: 3 years about 5 students(2) 2000 Students in the Graduate School of Science and Technology Materials and Life Science University of The Ryukyus Special Graduate Program for International Students in Subtropical Research relating to Machinery, Construction, Electricity, Information Doctoral course: 3 years about 8 students(3) 1999 Environmental Engineering and Science Course, Graduate School of Engineering and Science and Marine Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Knowledge Science, Information Science, Materials Science Doctoral course: 3 years about 9 students(3) 2000 Technology International Special Course The Graduate University for Advanced Studies International Graduate Structural Molecular Science, Functional Molecular Science, Fusion Science, Accelerator Courses on Physical Science, High Energy Accelerator Science, Science, Materials Structure Science, Statistical Science, Polar Science, Informatics, Genetics, Doctoral course: 3 years about 20 students(11) 2002 Multidisciplinary Sciences, Life Science and Advanced Sciences Molecular Biomechanics, Physiological Sciences, Biosystems Science, Photoscience Note: The figures in parentheses are the number of privately FY2004 44 universities, 74 graduate courses FY2003 40 universities, 67 graduate courses financed students who are scheduled to enroll in the Maximum number of enrollments: 937 (431) Maximum number of enrollments: 847 (340) course and are included in the figure in the parentheses. 24 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

2 Assistance for foreign students living in Japan ■Scholarships As Japan has a relatively high cost of living compared to other short period of time (Short-term Student Exchange Program) as well countries, it is important that we create a financially-stable situation as a medical fee reimbursement service. for foreign students to study in Japan. Furthermore, in recent years, local governmental organizations, Accordingly, MEXT has worked to improve the acceptance private corporations and citizens' groups have also activated system for Japanese government scholarship students while assisting foreign students by providing their own scholarships. The implementing various measures to support privately financed Japan Educational Exchanges and Services has received the students, including tuition reduction. cooperation of such groups and individuals, has started The Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), established in administering the Sponsor-crowned International Student April 2004, provides support programs for privately financed foreign Scholarship Program, which offers scholarships bearing the names students (Honors Scholarships) and those who study abroad for a of these corporations and individuals to foreign students.

Types of Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship Student and their conditions, etc.(FY2004 budget) Japanese studies / College of Senshu-gakko (Special Scholarship students of Young Type Research students Trainee teachers Undergraduate Japanese culture studies students technology students training college) students Leaders’ Program (YLP) Year established 1954 1980 1954 1979 1982 1982 2001 Level Graduate level Undergraduate level Graduate level University or Students who have Students who have academic Students who are enrolled Students who have academic Students who have University or Qualification academic ability equal to ability equal to that of a high as undergraduates in ability equal to that of a high academic ability equal to that college graduates that of a university graduate school graduate universities school graduate of a high school graduate college graduates School of Government : under 40 years old Local Government Course: Age limit under 40 years old Medical Administration Course: Under 35 years oldFrom 17 to 21 From 18 to 29 From 17 to 21 From 17 to 21 under 40 years old (at time of acceptance) Business Administration Course: under 35 years old Law Course: under 40 years old For up to two years, For up to one and a half For five years, including Japanese Four years, including Japanese Three years, language education language education (those Length of studyincluding Japanese years, including Japanese (those majoring in Medicine, Dentistry, One academic year majoring in Mercantile Marine, including Japanese One year language education language education Veterinary Medicine, for seven years) for four and a half years) language education For six months (54 universities, including Hokkaido University) For one year. (Tokyo University For one year (Tokyo Japanese For one year (Bunka Institute of Japanese language Students who have sufficient ability in the Japanese language of Foreign Studies and Osaka Language Education Center of Language, Osaka Japanese Language education Nonethe Japan Student Services Education Center of the Japan Student None may be placed directly at universities. University of Foreign Studies) Organization) Services Organization) Major in a specific field Special training at a teacher Receive undergraduate Japanese studies course (Japanese Enrolled in the third year Receive post-secondary course Graduate school Type of education at graduate school training department education language, life and culture in Japan) of a college of technology education at a special training college master' course Countries and All over the world (158 Developing countries, Developing countries, etc. All over the world (72 Developing countries (36 Developing countries, etc. Developing countries, regions countries and regions) etc. (42 countries) (81 countries and regions) countries and regions) countries and regions) (41 countries and regions) etc. (25 countries) Expected number of -1- 560(20) -2- students newly accepted 3,960 →4,000 155 340 90 110 70

Stipend ￥175,000/month ￥135,000/month ￥262,000/month Tuition fees National university and college of technology students are exempted. Local public and private institution students have their fees paid by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science and Technology.

Airfare Round-trip airfare is supplied (airline ticket). Supplied within the Field study allowance Not supplied (Allowance program was terminated in 2001) budget Arrival allowance ￥25,000 Housing subsidy ￥9,000 or ￥12,000/month (not including recipients of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science and Technology. scholarships beginning FY2000) ―― Medical expenses reimbursement Supplied within budget (Up to 80% of the actual costs)

1. Conditions for research students shown above are applicable to those with recommendations from Japanese diplomatic missions abroad. Other research students will be treated correspondingly. 2. The mark → indicates revisions made for FY 2004 from FY 2003 Note: The figure in the parentheses is the number of foreign students admitted to the third year of a university from a college of technology and is not included in the figure above the parentheses.

Reference: Number of Japanese government scholarship students and privately financed students Japanese government Privately financed students Foreign government- scholarship students 7,483 sponsored students 1983 2,082 863 Supported by Japanese government Total: 10,428 (Ministry of Education, Culture, Honors scholarship students (200) Sports, Science and Technology) 2,282

Japanese government Privately financed students Foreign government- scholarship students sponsored students 9,746 98,135 2003 1,627 Supported by Japanese government Total: 109,508 (Ministry of Education, Culture, Honors scholarship students(11,000) Sports, Science and Technology) 20,746

25 ●Support measures for Privately Financed Foreign Students

Organization Item Description

a) Qualifications: Students enrolled in universities or other higher educational institutions who display excellence in their academic work and need financial assistance b) Monthly stipend: Undergraduate level: ￥52,000/month Graduate level:￥73,000/month c) Number of grantees: Undergraduate level: 7,800 Graduate level: 3,300 Total: 11,000 (Reference) Trend in the Number of Recipients Honors Scholarships Fiscal Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Number of Students 9,690 10,390 10,850 10,900 11,000

*Honors Scholarships have also been granted to Japanese-language education organization students since FY2000 (see p.13). 1) Number of students who received reductions or exemptions of tuition fees (in FY2002) National universities 18,002 (Total number of students of both first and second semesters ) Private universities 13,240 Japanese Tuition reductions and Total 31,242 government / exemptions 2) Current status of reduction or exemption of tuition fees Japan a) National universities: Apply respective universitiesﾕ tuition fee exemption system for students (Administrative cost subsidies) Student b) Private universities: Assist by paying up to 30% of tuition fees to private universities (including graduate schools) and junior colleges that offered reduction or Services exemption of tuition fees for students Organization Medical fee Reimburse 80% of medical expenses to foreign students enrolled in universities or other higher reimbursement educational institutions who are taken ill or are injured. Acceptance as a Eligibility: Students who are enrolled or to be enrolled in a course of graduate school or in the final year of Japanese government scholarship student university and display excellence in their academic work Foreign students may receive permission to work from the Ministry of Justice to engage in activities outside the scope of their resident status up to a total of 28 hours a week (up to 14 hours a week for auditors or research students who are mainly auditing) at Permission for working places of employment other than those related to the adult entertainment business or sexually-oriented special adult entertainment part-time operations, or by engaging in activities other than those related to the sexually-oriented special adult entertainment business. It is also possible for foreign students who have received such permission to work up to 8 hours a day during long school vacations. Separate permission must be received to engage in part-time work that exceeds the number of hours above. Tax exemption (income tax and corporation tax) for special donations made to public service Tax exemption for corporations that offer scholarships and assist in providing foreign student housing. There are also tax donations exemptions (municipal property tax, city planning tax) for foreign student housing run by a juridical person. (Nontaxable requirements were reviewed and improved in FY 1999.) So that each scholarship has a face, scholarships will be named after the sponsoring corporation or individual. (Kansai Paint Scholarship, Jinnai International Scholarship, Gozasourou International Scholarship, Takaoka Japan Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd. Scholarship, Furuno Scholarship for International Students, Sanix Scholarship for Sponsor-Crowned Educational International Student, Kanase Industrial Exchange Student Scholarship, Muminfand [A2] Exchange International Student Exchanges Scholarship, Tokyo Lions Club 50th Anniversary Commemorative Exchange Student Scholarship, Iida and Services Scholarships Exchange Student Scholarship, Fujikojushi Exchange Student Scholarship, Docomo Exchange Student Scholarship, CALP Corporation Exchange Student Scholarship, Bunbunkai Exchange Student Scholarship, Kosei-Igakukai Exchange Student Scholarship, Sliontec Exchange Student Scholarship) Local government Local public organization scholarships: 26 local governments, 37 local international exchange Local scholarships organizations (in FY 2003) governments/ universities universities and colleges 1) Number of universities, etc. that provide scholarships: 233 schools (in FY2003) and colleges/ scholarships private foundations Private scholarships 1) Number of foundations 157 (in FY2003) (which includes 19 foundations that offer scholarships to students before they arrive in Japan)

Note: With the exception of scholarships for privately financed foreign students, some of the above also apply to Japanese university students.

26 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

■Housing Currently, about 75% of all foreign students live in private Corporate Executives) to provide accommodation in private- accommodation (see Fig. 1). company dormitories To ensure good-quality, low-rent housing for foreign students, 4. Implementation of the designated accommodation system by MEXT and JASSO promote the following: JASSO to secure private lodgings and apartments 1. Construction and promoting of foreign student accommodation 5. The Comprehensive Renter's Insurance for Foreign Students by national, local, and private universities, and JASSO Studying in Japan (A system consisting of householders' 2. Subsidies for the construction of accommodation for foreign comprehensive insurance and compensation fund for guarantors) students by local public organizations granted by JASSO is provided through JASSO 3. Subsidies to the Corporate Friendship Network for Foreign Students established by Keizaidoyukai (Japan Association of

JASSO Fukuoka International House

① Foreign Student Accommodation (as of 1 May 2003) Housing provided by the school for foreign students Total number of 84 national universities, etc. 6,824 foreign students 14 local public universities 151 Total 109,508 350 private universities, etc. 8,107 (100%) 15,082 (13.8%) Foreign student accommodation provided by nonprofit organizations, etc. 7,319 Accommodation by nonprofit organizations 2,924 (6.7%) Accommodation by local governments 1,250 27,359 Public housing 2,275 (25.0%) Private-company dormitories 870 4,958 (4.5%)

Private lodgings, apartments, etc. 82,149 (75.0%) Student dormitories provided by the school 115 national universities, etc. 2,360 18 local public universities 85 203 private universities, etc. 2,513

27 ② Overview of measures for securing accommodation

Organizations and projects Description

Construction of foreign student 7,069 rooms (as of FY 2003) accommodation at national universities

Subsidies for construction of Subsidy system to promote construction of accommodation for foreign students by local accommodation for foreign governments, etc. (As of 31 March 2004, 1,724 accommodations have been provided.) students Subsidy for Japanese government scholarship students, residing in private lodgings, apartments, etc. Housing subsidies Japan (not including recipients of MEXT scholarships beginning FY2000) Student Komaba (314), Soshigaya (362), Osaka Daiichi (259), Hyogo (197), Tokyo Academic Park (801), Services Tokyo (282), Fukuoka (54), Sendai (57), Osaka Daini (40), Kanazawa (49), Sapporo (50), Management of international Organization Hiroshima (41), Oita (204), Foreign students' dormitories in Tokyo Japanese Language Education houses Center (149), Kyoto (80), Sendai (79), Foreign students' dormitories in Osaka Japanese Language Education Center (54): Total (3,072) Secure designated To designate good quality lodgings and apartments as accommodation for foreign students. To pay security deposits to landlords to secure accommodation for foreign students: accommodation 2,609 rooms (in FY 2003)

Japan Educational Exchanges and Services In addition to reducing the burden upon apartment guarantors, compensation is provided to International student housing general guarantors in the event of fire, accident or default of rent payment to improve their risk compensation system environment.

Corporate Friendship Network for To encourage private companies to cooperate with foreign exchange and offer dormitories for foreign students' use. Foreign Students (727 foreign students accepted as of the end of February 2004)

Exchange of foreign students with local residents“MOCHITSUKI”(making rice cakes)

28 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

③ Construction of foreign student housing by local governments, etc. Founder Accommodation Opened Number of rooms Miyazaki City Houses for foreign students Apr. 1989 8 rooms Aichi Pref., Nagoya City International Foreign Students'House Mar. 1990 90 rooms Kyoto City Mukojima Student Center Mar. 1990 234 rooms Tokyo Ota Anniversary House Apr. 1990 41 rooms Kanagawa Pref. Shirane Foreign Students'House of Kanagawa Prefecture Apr. 1990 44 rooms Osaka Pref. Osaka Foreign Students'House Apr. 1990 116 rooms Kanagawa Pref. ◎ Kanagawa International Dormitory for Students Fuchinobe Apr. 1991 84 rooms Kobe City ◎ Kobe International Student Center Apr. 1991 92 rooms Hiroshima Pref. ◎ Sunsquare Higashi-Hiroshima Aug. 1992 110 rooms Yokohama City ◎ Yokohama International Students'Hall May 1994 110 rooms Osaka Pref. ◎ Orion International House (Sakai) Feb. 1995 85 rooms Beppu City ◎ Beppu International Exchange Center Apr. 1995 53 rooms Wakeijuku Foundation ◎ Wakeijuku Students'House Mar. 1997 80 rooms Waseda University ◎ Waseda University International Students'House Mar. 1997 37 rooms Takasaki City Okimachi Foreign Students'Residence Apr. 1997 20 rooms Kansai Gaidai University ◎ Kansai Gaidai University International Exchange Second Seminar House Sep. 1997 30 rooms Kumamoto Gakuen University ◎ Kumamoto Gakuen University International Residence Mar. 1998 32 rooms Seikei University ◎ Seikei University International House Apr. 1998 25 rooms Salesian Polytechnic ◎ Salesian Intercultural and Technological Center Apr. 1998 18 rooms Takasaki City Kaminamie Foreign Students'Residence Apr. 1998 30 rooms Tokyo Keizai University ◎ Tokyo Keizai University International Hall Apr. 1999 50 rooms Nishiyamato Gakuen School ◎ Hakuho International Students'House, Hakuho Women's College Apr. 1999 57 rooms NGK Foundation ◎ NGK International House Sep. 1999 40 rooms Kyoto University of Foreign Studies ◎ Kyoto University of Foreign Studies College Residence Sep. 1999 20 rooms Fukuoka University ◎ Fukuoka University International House Apr. 2000 30 rooms Ritsumeikan ◎ Fukuoka University AP House Apr. 2000 382 rooms International Students'House, Osaka“ EI Fereno Osaka City Apr. 2000 54 rooms Koubai-cho” Beppu University ◎ Beppu University Foreign Students'Dormitory May 2000 16 rooms International Christian University ◎ ICU Global House Jul. 2001 32 rooms Kyoto International Student House ◎ Kyoto International Student House Aug. 2001 42 rooms Nakanishi Educational Foundation ◎ Nagoya University of Foreign Studies International House Sep. 2001 60 rooms Kitakyushu City ◎ University of Kitakyushu Exchange Student Hall Apr. 2002 52 rooms Nara International Exchange Center ◎ Nara International Exchange Center Apr. 2002 15 rooms Takushoku University ◎ Takushoku University Hachioji International Student Dormitories Apr. 2003 103 rooms Kokushikan Kokushikan University Guest House (International Student Dormitories) Mar. 2004 30 rooms Seinan Gakuin Seinan Gakuin University International House Apr. 2004 39 rooms

◎ indicates places where subsidies for the construction of accommodation for foreign students have been provided.

Takushoku University Hachioji International Student Dormitories (established in April 2003)

29 ■Medical Fee JASSO reimburses 80% of the medical expenses incurred by foreign students use both the National Health Insurance Program foreign students for medical treatment received at hospitals or and the JASSO program, they ultimately have to pay only 6% of their clinics in Japan (calculation based on the National Health Insurance medical bills, which greatly reduces their financial burden. Enrolling Law). The National Treasure pays these expenses. (However, 80% in both these programs is recommended. is the ceiling within the budget.) Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the students who received Since April 1, 1986, in accordance with a statute of the National subsidies from the JASSO program were enrolled in the National Health Insurance Law, foreign nationals who stay in Japan for more Health Insurance Program in 2002. than one year must join the National Health Insurance Program. If

National Health JASSO covers 80% of the remaining 30% of their medical bills paid by the student. Insurance Program members (students Student pays 30% of their medical bills ultimately pay (70% covered by National Health Insurance). 6% of their medical bills.) Foreign Hospitals or clinics Japan Student students Student pays 100% of their medical bills. Services Organization National Health Insurance Program non- members (students pay 20% of their medical bills.) JASSO reimburses 80% of the overall medical bills paid by the student

■Part-time Work The revised Immigration Control Act and related ministerial entertainment parlors and stores, or by engaging in activities other ordinances, implemented on June 1, 1990, stipulates that those with than those related to the sexually-oriented special adult "college student" visa status are not automatically entitled to a work entertainment business that does not involve parlors, stores, etc., permit. Under this revision, foreign students who wish to engage in sexually-oriented special adult entertainment business operations part-time work must apply in advance to receive permission to including image distribution services, phone dating services using engage in activities that fall outside the scope of their resident status. parlors, stores, etc., and phone dating services that do not involve Furthermore, applicants are allowed to engage in activities any parlors, stores, etc.), but if a student wishes to work part time in outside the scope of their resident status inclusively but with certain a different manner, he/she must apply for separate permission. restrictions. (Regular students are allowed to work part time up to The Students' Part-time Job Search System managed by the 28 hours per week at places of employment other than those related Japanese Educational Exchanges and Services started providing to the adult entertainment business or sexually-oriented special adult information for foreign students in FY2004.

3 Local assistance for foreign students

There are two important aspects of supporting foreign students: To accomplish this, creating a promotion system that unifies A sense that foreign students are local residents and members of government and civil efforts is crucial. Currently, the Foreign our social communities, and a sense that they are guests from Students' Exchange Promotion Conference is established in each countries far away. In particular, it is necessary to promote one of the prefectures (47 local jurisdictions of Japan) to serve as interaction between foreign students and local students through the organization to establish the above system. home-stays and home-visit programs, and positively provide scholarships and housing for foreign students.

30 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

4 Tokyo Academic Park 1. Aims of Tokyo Academic Park at national, public and private universities, and to establish a basis It is essential for Japan in the 21st century to proactively invest in for information dissemination in constructing a global network of intellectual infrastructure to develop a vigorous, flexible society, intellectual activities. The Tokyo Academic Park, a project secure a basis for existence in the international community, and implemented collaboratively by MEXT and the Ministry of Economy, positively realize its responsibilities. This requires strengthening the Trade and Industry, is designed to serve as a basis for the above basis of international exchange, providing information, as well as goals. academia, industry, and government collaboration. It is also necessary to organically coordinate the functions of international 2. Place of Construction exchange, information dissemination and academia, industry, and Rinkai-Fukutoshin-Aomi (Tokyo's Kotoh Ward) 6.6 hectares government cooperation, in striving for the collaboration of academia, industry, and government both at home and abroad, 3. Budget (MEXT portion) including the exchange of foreign students and visiting researchers 84,800 million yen (Third revision of the FY1998 budget)

4.Outline of the Main Facilities of Tokyo Academic Park

Division Name of facility Contents of facility Project description (Accommodation for foreign (High-quality living environment) students and researchers) • High-quality rooms will be made available at affordable MEXT rents to exchange researchers and students invited from • Single student rooms Higher Education overseas schools, universities, and research Bureau • Married/family rooms (etc.) organizations. Tokyo International Student Services (International education/research exchange) Exchange Center (Plaza Heisei) Division (JASSO) • International Conference • A place for collective study and intellectual exchange for use by foreign students and researchers living in Tokyo (Building Site: 3.6 • Media Hall ha) Academic Park •Study and training rooms, • Provides a place of livelihood support for foreign Gymnasium (etc.) students and researchers living in Tokyo Academic Park.

(Dissemination of information on advanced science and technology) MEXT • Introduction to advanced science and technology, centering on the development of national research Science and Technology (Dissemination of information on ways to promote the Policy Bureau • Exhibition facility understanding of science and technology) National Museum of • Development of new techniques for the promotion of Knowledge Infrastructure • Research and development understanding of science and technology Emerging Science and • Human resource development for the promotion of Policy Division facility understanding of science and technology Innovation (Dissemination of information through research promotion and (Japan Science and • Exchange facility (etc.) exchange) Technology Corporation) • Exchanges through opening research centers to the public and holding science and technology lectures, forums, symposiums, etc. (Site: 2.0 ha) • Promotion of advanced research and application of the results of research and development through a flexible system

(An exchange basis for research through international Ministry of Economy, Trade and • Cooperative research and Industry academia, industry, and government collaboration) Industrial Science and Technology development space • To conduct joint research by leading researchers from Policy and Environment Bureau • Center for the promotion of academia, industry and government, both inside and AIST Tokyo Waterfront Technology Promotion Division academia, industry, and outside Japan to develop original advanced technologies (National Institute of Advanced government collaboration • To promote exchange among researchers inside and Industrial Science and Technology) (etc.) outside of Japan, exchange of information, and (Site: 1.0 ha) dissemination of research results

31 ３． Follow-up Services for Former Foreign Students

1 Projects of the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) (FY 2004 budget)

JASSO provides follow-up services for former foreign students to countries five or more years before support the activities of those who continue research upon returning ◎ Length of program: up to 90 days to their home countries. ◎ Quota: 55 persons ■Follow-up Research Guidance ■Follow-up Technical and Academic Publications Teachers are sent to give guidance and support to former Distribution students now engaged in education and study at universities or To help former students continue research after returning home, other institutions after the students have completed their studies in JASSO sends technical publications such as academic journals and Japan. This program will strengthen former students' educational research reports, upon request, to further increase the effectiveness and research capabilities, improve the standard of educational of studying in Japan. guidance and research, and diffuse information on education and ◎ Eligibility: Former foreign students who have completed research conducted in Japan. graduate courses in Japan and who work, based on the results ◎ Countries and regions: Asian countries of their study, in the field of public interest, education, ◎ Eligibility: Former students who have returned to their home academic research or administration, or who further their countries two or three years ago and who are engaged in the study at higher educational institutions after their return home. field of education or academic research in their home ◎ Period: 2 years from when they return to their home countries countries ◎ Dispatching advisors, etc./The dispatch period is about 10 ■Follow-up Research Fellowship days. To promote international exchanges, including exchanges in The number of teachers dispatched is about 8. educational, academic research and administrative fields, by inviting former foreign students in Japan who are active in the educational, ■Former Foreign Students Database academic research, and administrative fields in their respective JASSO conducts surveys on trends in follow-up services for countries (developing countries) for collaborative research activities former students who have completed their respective study with the researchers of relevant universities in Japan programs in Japan and have returned home, constructs a ◎ Eligibility: standardized database of basic information on former foreign ① Former foreign students in Japan who are 45 years of age students, and improves the interactive systematic information or younger on 1st of April of the year of application. network to swiftly and accurately provide information to satisfy the ② Former students who have returned to their home needs of former students.

2 Projects of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Assistance for those hoping to submit a dissertation and obtain a doctorate in Japan

By inviting students from Asia who hope to obtain a degree in Japan and giving them the necessary dissertation guidance, the JSPS provides support such as dispatching advisors of accepting Objectives universities to the country as needed to provide research guidance to obtain a doctorate at a Japanese university for researchers who return home and are continuing their research.

Number having obtained doctorates 407 individuals (as of April 2003)

198,178,000 ( 202,343,000) FY 2004 budget (Figures in brackets ￥ ￥ Number of foreign students accepted as candidates for doctorate: 120 persons (120 persons) are for fiscal 2003) Number of academic advisors dispatched: 60 persons (60 persons)

32 III Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students

3 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Programs

Sponsoring Institution Activity Description Former foreign students are invited to advise prospective applicants through overseas Foreign Students’ Advisory diplomatic agencies and information sessions on study opportunities in Japan. Grant Aid for Scholarship Programs Provide airfare, living expenses and educational fees to students (government officials) (Human Resource Development Scholarship) sent by the governments of developing countries. Yen Loans The Japanese government provides funds to the governments of Indonesia, Thailand, (support for foreign students) and Malaysia so that these three countries can send students to study in Japan. Ministry of Aftercare program for Asian foreign Assist with organizing Returned Foreign Students organization, production of former exchange student name list, Foreign Affairs exchange students and trainees maintenance and management of the assembly hall and presentations regarding study in Japan through overseas agencies. Invite former exchange students from Southeast Asia, China, South Korea and Southwest Asia Reunion of former students to Japan to activate returnee exchange students’ associations and to strengthen the network. Donations to assist ASEAN Support for scholarship activities of ASJA International privately financed foreign students Website “Study in Japan: General information regarding studying in Japan, including pages for former foreign Comprehensive Guide” students in Japan, posted on the Internet (http://www.studyjapan.go.jp) Ministry of Scholarship loan programs for Support for scholarship loan programs for privately financed foreign students Foreign Affairs implemented by the United Nations University JBIC privately financed foreign students Provision of meeting places for former Provide financial assistance to secure meeting places for former exchange students in exchange students in each ASEAN country each of the 5 ASEAN countries. Assistance to ASEAN Council of The Japan Assist with general assembly fees for the former exchange student ASEAN council. Japan Alumni (ASCOJA) Foundation Preparatory Japanese language education Conduct preparatory education of Japanese Language in China and Malaysia for for students to be dispatched to Japan students who are slated to be dispatched to Japan by their governments. Carry out preparatory education for Japanese graduate school for graduates of Asian youth cultural scholarships universities in Southeast Asia. Government officials, etc. of developing countries are to be accepted in universities etc. JICA long-term training program for 2 years to obtain degrees. JICA Nikkei Fostering of Social Leaders (former For students in Central and South America (Grad school level) of Japanese descent, and Nikkei Foreign Student Assistance) accept in principle for 2 years

Cultural exchange between foreign students and Japanese schoolchildren 33 IV Short-Term Exchange Programs

1 Short-Term Exchange Programs Short-term exchange programs mainly refer to exchange United States, the Erasmus Plan in Europe and the UMAP program programs based on exchange agreements between universities in in Asian and Pacific countries. Japan and in foreign countries. Students usually receive education or Japan has been an active member of UMAP, which was given instruction on their researches at foreign universities for one established in 1991 to promote exchange of students and staff or more semesters within one year, either in their mother tongue or through institutions of higher education in Asia and the Pacific. in foreign languages, and receive credits while they remain enrolled UMAP has been promoting the UMAP Credit Transfer Scheme at their home institutions. They rather aim to study at foreign (UCTS) on a trial basis, cooperating with participating countries. universities, to experience different culture, and to master foreign languages than gaining academic degrees. Recently, the trend in many countries is to set up reciprocal credit exchange programs, such as junior year-abroad programs in the

2 Number of short-term foreign students (as of 1 May 2003)

A total of 109,508 foreign students were accepted at universities and other institutions. Among them were 6,750 short-term foreign students, which accounts for 6.2% of all the foreign students.

（1）Number of short-term foreign students (2) Number of short-term foreign students by country/region (Top 11 countries) by type of educational institution (unit: person) (unit: person) Country/region Number of students School level Number of students China 2,003 University 5,788 Korea 1,252 (undergraduate) (85.7%) U.S. 990 822 Graduate school Taiwan 336 (12.2%) Australia 207 140 Junior college Germany 207 (2.1%) Thailand 188 6,750 Total U.K. 186 (100.0%) France 177 Canada 100 Indonesia 100 Others 1,004 Total 6,750

34 IV Short-Term Exchange Programs

3 Scholarships for short-term foreign students According to inter-university exchange agreements, etc., MEXT undergraduate/graduate level university students dispatched to conducts a Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program to foreign universities/research institutes. support foreign undergraduate/graduate level university students From FY 2004, the above program is implemented by JASSO. who study in Japan for a short period of less than one year while enrolled at a university in their own country, and Japanese

[JASSO Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program] (FY2004 budget)

Classification Description 1. Inbound Foreign students enrolled in a university of a foreign country who are admitted to a Japanese university for short-term study under a student exchange agreement between universities Recipient candidates 2. Outbound Students enrolled in a Japanese university who are admitted for short-term study to a university in a foreign country under a student exchange agreement between universities 1. Inbound Foreign students enrolled in a regular course of study at a university in a foreign country Qualifications 2. Outbound Students enrolled in a regular course of study at a Japanese university 1. Inbound: 1,950 Number of recipients 2. Outbound: 635 Amount of scholarship ¥80,000 per month (both inbound and outbound) Round trip airfare An economy class round trip air ticket (inbound only) is provided Settling-in allowance ¥25,000 (inbound only)

Class at a Japanese University

35 4 Short-term student exchange special courses in English at national universities (undergraduate level) The following national universities offer short-term student exchange programs in English for undergraduate foreign students who wish to study in Japan for a period of one year or less.

Number of Year Length of Language University students Credits used in Fields of study established study accepted classes Hokkaido University 1997 about 20 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Otaru University of Commerce 1999 about 20 English Economics and Business 1 year 30 Tohoku University 1996 about 30 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences University of Tsukuba 1995 about 40 English Social Sciences Saitama University 2004 6 months-1 year about 20 7-14 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Chiba University 1996 about 20 English Humanities, Natural Sciences University of Tokyo 1995 about 30 English Humanities, Social Sciences Tokyo University of Foreign Studies 1998 about 20 English/other foreign languages Humanities, Social Sciences Tokyo Gakugei University 2002 about 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Education Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2000 about 20 English Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2000 about 20 English Science and Technology National University of Electro-Communications 1998 about 30 English Science and Technology Yokohama National University 1997 about 30 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Niigata University 2003 1 year about 20 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Kanazawa University 1998 about 20 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Nagoya University 1996 about 30 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences 30 Kyoto University 1997 about 40 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Osaka University 1996 about 20 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Osaka University of Foreign Studies 1999 about 20 English/other foreign languages Humanities, Social Sciences Okayama University 1999 about 20 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Hiroshima University 1996 about 30 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Kyushu University 1995 about 30 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences Saga University 2003 about 20 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Nagasaki University 2004 about 20 English Liberal Arts, Natural Sciences Kumamoto University 2004 6 months-1 year about 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Science and Technology, Medicines Oita University 2000 about 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences 1 year University of the Ryukyus 2001 about 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences

Workshop on short-term student exchange programs 36 IV Short-Term Exchange Programs

5 Short-term student exchange special courses in English for foreign students at private universities (Undergraduate Level)

In order to actively promote short-term exchange, there are universities in Japan that offer special courses in English for foreign students. (32 universities)

Year Number of Language used University Established Length of Study Students Accepted in Classes Field of Study Tohoku Gakuin University 1991 3-10 months unspecified English Humanities, Social Sciences Tokyo International University 1989 4-8 months 30 English Humanities, Social Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture 2002 6 months unspecified English Social Sciences, Natural Sciences Tokyo Christian Institute 2004 4 years about 20 English Humanities, Social and Natural Sciences, Theology Obirin University 1991 10 months 50 English Humanities, Social Sciences Keio University 1990 6 months-1 year 180 English Humanities, Social Sciences Kokugakuin University 1999 6 months-1 year 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences International Christian University (About 20% of the classes are taught in English.) Sophia University 1987 All the classes of the Faculty of Comparative Culture are taught in English. Senshu University 1986 3 months about 30 English Humanities, Social Sciences Chuo University 1998 6 months-1 year 30-40 English Humanities, Social Sciences Nihon University 2004 3-6 months about 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences Bunkyo Gakuin University 2003 4 months 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences Hosei University 1997 6 months-1 year 20-30 English Humanities, Social Sciences Musashi University 2003 6 months 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences Meiji Gakuin University 1992 6 months-1 year 40 English Humanities, Social Sciences Mejiro University 2003 6 months-1 year 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences Rikkyo University 2001 6 months-1 year 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences Waseda University 2004 3-9 months about 150 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences Nagoya University of Foreign Studies 2004 6 months-1 year 30 English Humanities, Social Sciences Nagoya Gakuin University 1989 6 months-1 year 30 English Humanities, Social Sciences Nanzan University 1974 6 months-2 year 120 English Humanities, Social Sciences Kyoto Sangyo University 2004 6 months-1 year unspecified English Humanities, Social Sciences Ryukoku University 2004 6 months 20-30 English Humanities, Social Sciences Kansai University 1989 1-2 years about 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences Kansai Gaidai University 1971 6 months-1 year 400 English Humanities, Social Sciences Kansei Gakuin University 1979 4 months-10 months about 50 English Humanities, Social Sciences Kobe International University 2002 6 months-1 year unspecified English Humanities, Social Sciences Konan University 1991 4 months-1 year 50 English Humanities, Social Sciences Hiroshima University of Economics 1996 6 months-1 year 20 English Humanities, Social Sciences Seinan Gakuin University 1973 9 months 30 English Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University 2000 (About 80% of the classes are taught in English.)

Note: Survey by the Student Services Division, MEXT according to the following criteria: 1. The number (or planned number) of students accepted exceeds 20. 2. Foreign students need not have linguistic skills to understand classes in Japanese. 3. Foreign students must attend at least 10 classes per week (as students in a regular course of study) in subjects conducted in foreign languages or in Japanese language classes. 4. Courses are for undergraduate students.

Computer class

37 6 Support for advanced student exchange The MEXT decided to introduce the Advanced Student Exchange This experimental support is offered to the student exchange Pilot Project Support Program in fiscal year 2003, in order to help programs between a consortium of universities in Japan and that promote the education and training of human resources capable of foreign universities, since it is seen as a candidate for an of active employment in the international community, improving innovative and advanced type of foreign student exchange international competitiveness, constructing a network of both program. national and international expertise and intelligence and The above program is implemented as one of the JASSO contributing to the qualitative upgrading and improvement of projects, with effect from fiscal year 2004 onwards. education and research in general.

Advanced Student Exchange Pilot Project Support Program

Details of support Term As a rule, less than 3 years

(Annual) 30 students per project (Students dispatched by universities in Japan) Number of recipients

Stipend ￥100,000/month (The stipend is paid for between 3 and 12 months.)

Airfare Economy round-trip economy class airfare

* The project must involve a consortium of more than three Japanese and foreign universities respectively. * The project must be implemented based on a formal exchange agreement between university Requirements consortiums. * The project must be one offering mutual student exchange, and the respective numbers of inbound and outbound students and overseas study terms of the respective consortiums must be well harmonized. (etc.)

Programs supported by the Advanced Student Exchange Pilot Project Support Program

Japanese Consortium Foreign Consortium Member Universities Name of Program Member Universities University of Tokyo La Villette School of Architecture, (France) Foreign student exchange studies and 2 others (Chiba, Kyushu) and 3 others (Saint-Luc Superior Institute of Architecture program in architecture and (Belgium), Munich University of Technology (Germany), urbanization Lisbon University of Technology (Portugal)) Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology University of Grenoble1 (France) Charte du college doctoral franco- and 26 others (Ochanomizu, Kyushu, and 34 others (Aix-Marseille 2, Aix-Marseille 3, Besancon, Bordeaux1, japonais Kyoto, Kumamoto, Keio, Kobe, Sophia, Bordeaux 4, Grenoble 2, Grenoble 3, ENS Cachan, ENS Lyon ENS Ulm, Seinan, Graduate University for IEP Paris, INALCO, INP Grenoble, INP Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, Lyon Advanced Studies, Chuo, Tsukuba, 1, Lyon 3, Mulhouse Haute Alsace, Nantes, Paris 1, Paris 2, Paris 4, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo Paris 5, Paris 6, Paris 7, Paris 9, Paris 11, Perpignan, Rennes 1, Metropolitan, Tokyo University of Rennes 2, Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg 2, Strasbourg 3, Toulouse 1 (All Agriculture and Technology, Tohoku, French universities) Nagoya, Nihon, Hitotsubashi, Hosei, Hokkaido, Meiji, Yokohama National, Rikkyo, Ritsumeikan, Ryukyu, Waseda) Kyoto University of Education Rajabhat Institute Suansunanta (Thailand) For the experience-based education of and five others (Osaka Kyoiku, Nara and three others (Rajabhat Institute Chiang Mai, Rajabhat Institute international understanding and the University of Education, Hyogo Kyoiku, Piblsongkram, Rajabhat Institute Ayuthea) (All Thai universities) joint development and application of Shiga, Wakayama) developmental education methods University of Tokyo Delft University of Technology (the Netherlands) Foreign student exchange program and three others (Osaka, Hokkaido, and three others (Technical University of Berlin (Germany), Catholic concerning mechatronics design and Keio) University Leuven (Belgium), Technical University of Denmark production (Denmark)

*Each underlined university is a representative member of each consortium.

38 V Japanese Citizens Studying Abroad

1 Current conditions of study abroad The number of Japanese citizens attending foreign institutions organizations, approximately 78,000 Japanese citizens went of higher education has increased in recent years. abroad to study in 32 major countries. About 80% of the According to statistics prepared by the OECD and other Japanese study at educational institutions in Europe and the U.S.

■Number of Japanese citizens studying abroad: Total：78,151

Europe 11,096

North America Asia 48,288 Middle and Near Eas 15,826 14

Central and South America Oceania 21 2,906

* Source: IIE "OPEN DOORS," Chinese Ministry of Education, OECD "Education at a Glance" / Data used are those released in 2001, except for Canada, which is the data released in 2000.

Number of Japanese students by country/region (2001) (Reference) Type of studies undertaken by Japanese in the United States

Country/Region Number of Japanese exchange students U.S. 46,810 Others China 14,692 12% U.K. 6,206 Australia 2,407 Graduate course Germany 2,182 21% Canada 1,478 Undergraduate course France 1,439 67% Korea 697 New Zealand 499 Austria 302

Source: U.S.: IIE "OPEN DOORS" / China: Chinese Ministry of Education / U.K., Australia, Germany, Canada, France, Korea, New Zealand, and Austria: OECD "Education at a Glance" / Data used are those released in 2001, except for Canada, Source: IIE OPEN DOORS which is the data released in 2000.

39 2 Policies concerning study abroad scholarship support in order to study positively at overseas universities to earn a degree. This decision was made from the ■Study abroad at foreign universities, graduate perspective of promoting equal opportunities for education, with schools, etc. the education of human resources expected to lead the next The Japanese government sponsored Study Abroad Program generation. has been established as part of MEXT policy. Study Abroad with Foreign Government Scholarships is also The Student Dispatch System to Asian Countries, etc. has been available as a public study abroad system. In FY2003, 413 implemented in order to educate and train students to become Japanese students were selected to study in about 40 countries. area studies specialists within Asia and other regions since fiscal The MEXT gives assistance in the application and screening year 1968. The Long-term Study Abroad Program is a newly process in collaboration with foreign embassies in Japan. introduced program since fiscal year 2004, which aims to help In addition, there are privately financed Japanese students who students earn a masters or doctoral degree at overseas graduate study abroad at universities or institutions they have selected schools. The main purpose is the education and training of themselves. MEXT provides assistance in collecting and editing outstanding human resources specialists, capable of working in such information on study abroad programs and in providing the an ever-internationalizing society to improve Japan's necessary information to the students involved through JASSO competitiveness in and contribution to the international Information Centers, thus facilitating overseas studies. The community. Centers have provided information for students who are Other support programs for Japanese students' study abroad interested in study abroad and served as venues for "Overseas include the Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program for Study Briefing Sessions" as well as sources of advice regarding the promotion of inter-university exchanges (see p.35) and the overseas study in general. Advanced Student Exchange Pilot Project Support Program (see The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has also established the p.38) to support student exchanges between university Overseas Safety Bureau (Consular and Migration Affairs consortiums. Department, Division for the Protection of Japanese Nationals Furthermore, JASSO started offering interest-bearing Overseas) in order to provide information and answer questions scholarship loans in fiscal year 2004 to those requiring such about the state of public order and security in each country.

● Japanese Government sponsored Dispatch Abroad System (FY2004 budget)

Item Long-term Study Abroad Program To help Japanese citizens earn a masters/doctoral degree by sending them to overseas graduate schools in order to educate outstanding human resources specialists Objective capable of acting positively as leaders in the international community for the improvement of Japan's competitiveness in and contribution to this community. Year established FY2004 (Annual) number of scholarship recipients 100 Period Masters course: 2 years Doctoral course: Generally 3 years Field of Study Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences * The applicant must be willing to engage in educational and research activities at universities and/or research institutions that help enhance Japanese international competitiveness and/or make intellectual contributions to humankind after the completion of the study abroad. Eligibility * The applicant must be recognized to have sufficient linguistic ability and expertise for the acquisition of a degree at the admitting university/graduate school. * Masters degree candidates: 24 years or younger at the time of application * Doctoral degree candidates: 26 years or younger at the time of application Travel expenses Economy class round-trip airfare ￥175,000-105,000 per month (Determined according to the hosting country) Stipend For tuition: Actual amount with a ceiling of US$20,000 per year

● JASSO Scholarship Loan Program (FY2004 budget)

Item Scholarship Loan Program (Interest-bearing loan) On the basis that the recent rapid internationalization is causing the number of students who wish to study at overseas universities/graduate schools to increase, Objective an (interest-bearing) scholarship loan program is provided to those who wish to study at overseas universities/graduate schools following graduation from schools in Japan, to encourage the human resources education individuals to be active in the international community by offering financial support. Year established FY2004 Number of loan borrowers 1,000 Requirements about kinds of school Overseas universities/graduate schools (Masters/Doctoral courses) Period Minimum term of study required for the acquisition of a degree Those graduated from Japanese upper secondary schools/universities, etc. at the end of March 2004 Qualifications for applicants * * Those with willingness to study but with difficulty in furthering study due to financial reasons Type of scholarship Interest-bearing scholarship loan (with a maximum annual interest of 3%) University students: One of the four options of ￥30,000, ￥50,000,￥80,000, ￥100,000 per month Monthly installments Graduate school students: One of the four options of ￥50,000, ￥80,000, ￥100,000, ￥130,000 per month Award reservation method (Applicants are selected, based on a recommendation by the president while still in a Japanese upper secondary school/university, Method of screening unofficially decided, and then formally decided after the submission of the required documents, including the letter of acceptance from the overseas university. and awarding * For fiscal year 2004, the period of application has been extended under a special provision. * Enrollment in both the Personal Guarantee Program (joint guarantor/guarantor) and the Organization Guarantee Program, newly Others introduced in fiscal year 2004, is required. * Repayment of the loan after graduation is required.

40 VI Study abroad for senior upper secondary school students

Since studying abroad for upper secondary school students reinforce existing exchange programs are also supported by the was institutionalized in 1988 (up to 30 credits acquired during Ministry, in order to promote international exchange among study abroad are acknowledged as equivalent to a Japanese upper secondary school students. academic year), an increasing number of upper secondary school MEXT has been involved in the recruiting and screening of students study abroad, mainly through the assistance of private students for the Japanese Prime Minister's Australian Science organizations. School Scholarship, sponsored by the Science Foundation for MEXT subsidizes upper secondary school student exchange Physics within the University of Sydney in Australia and provides programs sponsored by AFS Japan Association, Inc. and the the round trip airfare for the above scholarship recipients. Youth For Understanding Japan Foundation, Inc. Efforts made by Furthermore, MEXT also offers cooperation in the recruiting and the Japan Association of International Educational Exchange screening process for the invitation of upper secondary school Organizations on behalf of Upper secondary school Students to students hosted by the government of the Federal Republic of strengthen the upper secondary school student exchange and Germany.

■Japanese upper secondary school students studying abroad (fiscal year 2002) (more than 3 months) China 32 Brazil Mexico (unit: person) 34 28 Germany 67 Others 290 U.K. 211

New Zealand 544 U.S.A. Total 1,727 4,160

Australia 592 Canada 635

■Japanese upper secondary school students on study trips abroad (fiscal year 2002) (less than 3 months) France 303 Malaysia Thailand 199 319 (unit: person) Korea 1,170 Others China 1,428 1,555

Australia 10,319 U.K. 3,293

Total Canada 33,240 3,464

New Zealand U.S.A. 4,112 7,078

41 ■Foreign (upper secondary school) students in Japan (fiscal year 2002) (more than 3 months) (less than 3 months)

(unit: person) (unit: person) U.K. 128 Thailand 134 Others China 536 Others 262 China Australia Mongolia 416 238 1,366 50 Australia New Zealand Total 329 Total 250 4,986 1,478 Canada 350 U.S.A. Germany U.S.A. Korea 991 54 Canada 224 914 97 New Zealand 62 Thailand 63

Source: "Report on International Exchange for Upper secondary school Students, 2002," prepared by the International Education Division, MEXT. This report is a biennial publication.

■Subsidies to upper secondary school student exchange programs (FY2004 budget)

Number of Expenses covered Name of Commencement Students Accepted Programs Subsidized Objectives Eligible Countries Period by the Subsidies Organization Year (Estimate) F aa soito,Ic YFU Japan Foundation, Inc. AFS Japan Association, Inc.

Invite upper secondary school students in the U.S. and countries of the Asia-Pacific region who are Short-term studying Japanese to take courses in U.S.A. invitation of upper Japanese in Japan and help them One-way airfare, secondary school experience attending a local senior orientation fee and 1996 Countries in the Asia- students upper secondary school and live 6 weeks 130 other expenses, Pacific region (Specializing in with a Japanese family in order to including Japanese Japanese) from enhance the mutual understanding classes the U.S., etc. and friendship between Japan and other countries through the Japanese language.

42 VII Main Items of the MEXT FY2004 Student Exchange Budget

Outline of MEXT FY2004 Student Exchange Budget (3) Advanced Student Exchange Pilot Project Support Program ￥114 million (Same as the previous year) FY2004 Student Exchange Budget ￥53,458 million (FY2003 budget: ￥53,887 million) The support is offered to the student exchange between the [▲ 0.8% decrease over the previous fiscal year] consortium of universities in Japan and overseas, which is expected to be represent an innovative and advanced form of * The number of students is up 13,958 from last year to a total of 109,508 as of May 1, 2003. foreign student exchange. * The focus is more on mutual exchange, and support for the * Number of recipients (outbound) Japanese citizens' study abroad has been upgraded. 30 (1 consortium) x 2 projects * Efforts toward improved support measures for foreign students (Same as the previous year) have been maintained, while of special note for the fiscal year is * Monthly stipend ￥100,000 the establishment of a healthy number of students coming to Japan. 2. Support for privately financed foreign students ￥11,226 million (￥11,025 million) Increase in the support for students going and coming from abroad The support is offered to help privately financed foreign (An increase of 1,623 students) students study with fewer financial worries. (1) Honors Scholarships ● Increase in the number of Japanese students going abroad ￥7,945 million (￥7,915 million) Long-term Study Abroad Program (a newly introduced program) a. Universities, college of technologies and other higher 100 students educational institutions Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program An increase of 1,150 This is a scholarship in the original sense, i.e., a source of An additional 50 students financial help for high-achieving but needy students, offered (Scholarship Loan Program (a newly introduced program) to privately financed foreign students. 1,000 students * Number of recipients 11,000→11,100 ● Upgraded support for foreign students (An increase of 100) Awarding of Honors Scholarships An additional 150 students * Monthly stipend Undergraduates ￥52,000 Acceptance of Japanese government scholarship students An increase of 473 Graduates ￥73,000 An additional 323 students b. Japanese Language Educational Institutions The support is offered to those enrolled in a Japanese 1. Promotion of Mutual Student Exchange (receiving/sending) language educational institution and scheduled to enter a ￥3,034 million (￥2,808 million) higher educational institution. (1) Long-term Study Abroad Program (newly introduced * Number of recipients 250→300 program) ￥242 million (An increase of 50) The Long-term Study Abroad Program has been established *As of April 2003, 18,463 of the graduates from Japanese with the purpose of helping students engage in research and language educational institutions had enrolled in higher earn a masters/doctoral degree at overseas graduate schools. educational institutions. The main purpose is the education and training of outstanding * Monthly stipend ￥52,000 human resources specialists, capable of working for the (2) Support for private schools that offer tuition reductions/exemptions enhancement of Japan's competitiveness in and contribution to ￥3,281 million (￥3,110 million) the international community. Provide up to 30% of the tuition fees of private schools that * Number of recipients (outbound students) 100 offer tuition reductions/exemptions for privately financed * Monthly stipend ￥105,000 -￥175,000 foreign students enrolled in a regular course of study. (The amount changes according to the study location) (Other than the above, the amount equal to the tuition (with a 3. Improvements concerning the acceptance of Japanese Government maximum of US$20,000) and airfare is granted.) Scholarship foreign students (2) Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program ￥23,278 million (￥23,471 million) ￥2,678 million (￥2,694 million) This is for the acceptance of Japanese Government Scholarship Under the Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program, students who are expected to represent the core of inbound the scholarship is offered to foreign undergraduates/graduates foreign students. who study in Japan and Japanese undergraduates/graduates (1) Number of recipients dispatched to foreign universities while enrolled in a university * Number of new recipients of their own country for a short period of less than one year 5,285→5,325 (An increase of 40) under inter-university exchange agreements, etc. * Number of renewed recipients 6,738→7,021 (An increase of 283) * Number of recipients (inbound) 1,950 (2) Foreign student allowance (per month) (Same as the previous year) * Undergraduate ￥139,200→￥135,000 (outbound) 585→635 * Graduate ￥180,300→￥175,000 (An increase of 50) * Scholarship student of YLP (Young Leaders' Program) * Monthly stipend ￥80,000 ￥269,500→￥262,000

43 4. Enhancement of Conductive Environment of Learning and Research International Students for Foreign Students To broaden the overseas implementation of the ￥15,920 million (￥16,583 million) Examination for Japanese University Admission for The enhancement of the conductive learning and research International Students, which is an examination evaluating environment for foreign students is promoted mainly in terms of the Japanese language proficiency and basic academic the following items: competencies of foreign students wishing to study at (1) Improvement in information provision and consultation universities (undergraduate schools) in Japan. services for exchange students by overseas government (3) Improvement of education and guidance in support of offices. research activities of foreign students at universities, etc. To improve the information provision and consultation To provide supportive measures, including administrative services concerning overseas higher educational institutions cost subsidies and operational cost grant (special grant) for as well as study in Japan. private universities, required for the education and guidance (2) Promotion of the overseas implementation of the supporting the research activities of foreign students Examination for Japanese University Admission for enrolled at universities, etc.

Promotion of Mutual Student Exchange ￥3,034 million (5.7%)

Enhancement of Conductive Environment of Learning and Support for privately Research for Foreign financed foreign students Students ￥11,226 million 15,920 million (21.0%) ￥ Total (29.8%) ￥53,458 million (100%)

Research Seminar Improvements concerning the acceptance of Japanese Government Scholarship foreign students ￥23,278 million (43.5%)

Support of study abroad through the Scholarship Loan Program (Interest-bearing loan) ￥1,200 million (New program) On the basis that recent rapid internationalization is prompting an increase in the number of students wishing to study at overseas universities and graduate schools, the (interest-bearing) scholarship loan program is provided to Japanese citizens wishing to study at overseas universities/graduate schools, in order to encourage the education of human resource specialists who are expected to be active in the international community by offering financial support.

Scholarship loan system * Number of loan takers 1,000 * Monthly installments University students: One of the four options of ￥30,000, ￥50,000, ￥80,000, ￥100,000 per month Graduate school students: One of the four options of ￥50,000, ￥80,000, ￥100,000, ￥130,000 per month

44 VII Main Items of the MEXT FY2004 Student Exchange Budget

■ Trends in the MEXT budget for student exchange

(￥million) 60000

55,618 55,834 54,426 54,422 54,413 53,458 53,887 52,884 50000 49,737 51,380

44,062

40000 38,679 MEXT budget for student exchange (including Special Budget for National Universities) 34,635

30,531 30000

27,152 25,275

20000 18,246

14,481

11,686 10,058 10000 8,891 8,013

0 1983 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 (FY)

45 Student Services Division Higher Education Bureau Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) 2-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 〒100-8959, Japan Tel +81-3-5253-4111 Fax +81-3-6734-3394 http://www.mext.go.jp/ (Top of the MEXT Web Page) http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/ryugaku/main4_a3.htm

Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) 4259 S-3 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 〒226-8503, Japan http://www.jasso.go.jp/ (Top of the JASSO Web Page)

[Student Exchange Department] 4-5-29 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 〒153-8503, Japan Direct dial phone and fax numbers for respective divisions: Tel: Fax: International Scholarship Division +81-3-6407-7454 +81-3-6407-7459 Exchange and Follow-up Division +81-3-6407-7455 +81-3-6407-7460 International Student Housing Division +81-3-6407-7456 +81-3-6407-7461 Testing Division +81-3-6407-7457 +81-3-6407-7462 [Students Services Department] 1-17-1 Kamiochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 〒161-0034, JAPAN Direct dial phone and fax numbers for respective divisions: Tel: Fax: Support Planning Division +81-3-3951-9100 +81-3-3951-9188 Students Counseling Division +81-3-3951-9123 +81-3-3951-5068 Study Support Division +81-3-3954-1437 +81-3-3950-5954 Career Support Division +81-3-3951-9645 +81-3-3950-5954 Training Division +81-3-3951-9102 +81-3-3951-5068 [Tokyo Japanese Language Education Center] 3-22-7 Kitashinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 〒169-0074, JAPAN Tel: +81-3-3371-7265 (Main line) +81-3-3371-7267 (Direct line) Fax: +81-3-3371-7275 [Osaka Japanese Language Education Center] 8-3-13 Uehonmachi, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 〒543-0001, JAPAN Tel: +81-6-6774-0033 (Main line) +81-6-6774-0787 (Direct line) Fax: +81-6-6774-0788

●A consultation service for exchange students is available at the following information centers: * Information Center, Tokyo 2-79 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 〒135-8630 Tel +81-3-5520-6131 (A 24-hour pre-recorded information service and automatic fax back service is available) * Information Center, Kobe 1-2-8 Wakinohama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 〒651-0072 Tel +81-7-8242-1742 (A 24-hour pre-recorded information service and automatic fax back service is available)

46 Corporate Friendship Network for Foreign Students 1-5-3, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 〒103-0027, JAPAN Tel: +81-3-3275-0939 (Main line) Fax: +81-3-3278-1064 Website: http://www1.ttcn.ne.jp/~ryugakusei.fn/

Association for the Promotion of Japanese Language Education 1-58-1, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 〒151-0053, JAPAN Tel: +81-3-5304-7815 (Main line) Fax: +81-3-5304-7813 Website: http://www.nisshinkyo.org/

Japan Educational Exchanges and Services (JEES) 4-5-29, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 〒153-8503, JAPAN Website: http://www.jees.or.jp/ Direct dial phone and fax numbers of respective divisions: [Operation Department] Tel: Fax: International Exchange Division +81-3-5454-5274 +81-3-5454-5232 Mutual Aid Division +81-3-5454-5275 +81-3-5454-5232 Japanese Language Education Promotion Division +81-3-5454-5215 +81-3-5454-5235 [Organization Loan Guarantee Center] Tel. Fax: Organization Loan Guarantee Division +81-3-5454-5271 +81-3-5454-5273

47 May 2004 Student Services Division Higher Education Bureau Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (Monbukagakusho) 2-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 〒100-8959, JAPAN Tel +81-3-5253-4111 ext. 2517 Fax +81-3-6734-3394

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