Outline of the Student Exchange System in Japan Outline of The
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OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline ofofofof thethethethe StudentStudentStudentStudent ExchangeExchangeExchangeExchange SystemSystemSystemSystem inininin JapanJapanJapanJapan 2004 Student Services Division, Higher Education Bureau Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan(MEXT) The Objectives of Student Exchange ……………………………………………3 I. Development of Student Exchange Policy 1. Development of new policies for international student exchanges …………………4 2. Acceptance of foreign students in major countries …………………………………4 3. On the development of new policies for international student exchanges ……………5 (Report submitted by the Central Council for Education) 4. Establishment of Japan Student Services Organization ……………………………6 II. Acceptance of Foreign Students in Japan 1. Trends in the Number of Foreign Students in Japan …………………………………7 2. Number of foreign students by region of Origin ……………………………………8 3. Number of foreign students by country and by region of origin ……………………8 4. Number of foreign students by type of educational institution ………………………9 5. Number of foreign students by educational institution and sector …………………10 6. Number of foreign students by region and prefecture of Japan ……………………10 7. Number of foreign students by field of study ………………………………………11 8. Number of foreign students by university …………………………………………11 III. Measures for the Acceptance of Foreign Students 1. Measures before entering a Japanese University 1. Information and counseling services on study in Japan …………………………12 2. Procedures for entering Japan and visa application ……………………………12 3. System of Japanese language education …………………………………………13 * Japanese language education …………………………………………………13 * Measures for students attending Japanese language educational institutions ……13 * A list of National university foreign student centers ……………………………14 * Preparatory Japanese language courses established by private universities and junior colleges …15 * Preparatory education for foreign government sponsored students ……………16 * Role of university preparatory course …………………………………………17 4. Recruitment of Japanese government scholarship students ……………………18 5. Admittance of privately financed foreign students ……………………………… 20 6. Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students ……21 (EJU) 2. Student's Period of Study in Japan 1. Educational system in Japan for foreign students ………………………………22 2. Assistance for foreign students living in Japan …………………………………25 3. Local Assistance for foreign students ……………………………………………30 4. Tokyo Academic Park ……………………………………………………………31 3. Follow-up Services for Former Foreign Students 1. Projects of the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) …………………32 2. Projects of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) ……………32 3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs programs ……………………………………………33 IV. Short-term Exchange Program 1. Short-term Exchange Program ……………………………………………………34 2. Number of short-term foreign students ……………………………………………34 3. Scholarship for short-term foreign students ………………………………………35 4. Short-term student exchange special courses in English at national universities …36 (undergraduate level) 5. Short-term student exchange special courses in English for foreign students at …37 private universities (undergraduate level) 6. Support for advanced student exchange ……………………………………………38 V. Japanese Citizens Studying Abroad 1. Current conditions of study abroad …………………………………………………39 2. Policies concerning study abroad …………………………………………………40 VI. Study Abroad for Upper Secondary School Students ……………………41 VII. Main Items of MEXT's FY2004 Student Exchange Budget ……………43 2 The Objectives of Student Exchange As we are now in the 21st century, expectations are growing concerning the role Japan should play on the 1 international stage. It is extremely important that Japan promote mutual understanding through international exchange and public relations activities in various fields, and establish friendly relationships with foreign countries based on mutual trust. This is vital because the existence and prosperity of Japan greatly depend on the maintenance and development of harmonious relationships with foreign countries. Furthermore, human capacity building is indispensable for the development of each country and society. Assisting developing countries in terms of human resource development is becoming more and more important today. The student exchange is a way of making an intellectual international contribution through the education and 2 training of human resources and related projects, playing an important role in the realization of a society open to the international community, one of Japan's ultimate objectives. Besides, the formation of the human network connecting foreign countries and Japan and the resultant improvement in mutual understanding and friendship are expected to contribute to the security and peace of the world, currently undergoing a process of rapid globalization. Furthermore, it is extremely important to broaden the range of student exchange activities promoting greater intellectual exchange with foreign countries, leading to enhanced internationalization of Japanese universities and increased international competitiveness. Therefore, the Ministry of Education, Culture Sports, Science and Technology is actively implementing various comprehensive programs concerning student exchange. 3 I Development of Student Exchange Policy 1 Development of new policies for international student exchanges The MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture Sports, Science and exchange policy: Technology) has worked to improve various measures to take 1) Promotion of overseas study by Japanese citizens with more care of foreign students from before their arrival in Japan until emphasis on mutual exchange than acceptance; after their return to their home countries, based on the "Plan to 2) Improvement in the foreign student acceptance system and Accept 100,000 Foreign Students," prepared in 1983 with the securing of higher quality foreign students; purpose of accepting that many foreign students in the early 21st and century. 3) Strengthening of the support system, including the Under these circumstances, it became quite likely that the establishment of the Japan Student Services Organization. number of foreign students accepted would exceed 100,000 in Specific measures suggested in the above report include: 2003. Besides, there has been a growing concern over 1) Establishment of a long-term study abroad program and a decreased quality due to a rapid increase in the number of scholarship loan program for Japanese students with the foreign students accepted. In order to respond to the above potential to earn degrees in overseas universities; situation, the Foreign Student Section of the Subdivision on and Universities of Central Council for Education (Chairman: Takeshi 2) Reinforcement of bases for ensuring improved provision of Kimura, President of National Institution for Academic Degrees information and consultation operating in foreign countries. At and University Evaluation) was set up in November 2002 to the same time, the report requested universities to: discuss the modalities of the new student exchange policy, which 1) make policies concerning the positive acceptance of foreign resulted in the preparation of a report titled "Development of New students as well as dispatching of Japanese students; Policies for International Student Exchanges" in December 2003. 2) manage foreign student enrollment appropriately. According to the report, it is expected that the number of students will increase by around 30,000 over five years and the In future, the MEXT is to improve specific measures based on following items are required as the basics of the new student the report. 2 Acceptance of foreign students in major countries International exchanges have increased to the point where steadily, the percentage of foreign students among the total more than 1.6 million students around the world are now enrolled students in institutions for higher education in Japan is studying abroad. Developed countries such as the U.S., France, only 3.0%, remaining far short of the international standards. Germany and the U.K. accept a great number of foreign students. Although the number of foreign students in Japan has increased Country U.S U.K Germany France Australia Japan Description (unit:thousands) 9,010 1,311 1,799 2,111896 3,606 Students enrolled in higher educational institutions1 (15,312) Foreign students (incoming)2 586,323 242,755 227,026 180,418 136,252 109,508 (2002) (2001) (2002) (2002) (2003) (2003) Foreign students (incoming) on 3,085 4,079 5,928 10,156 3,387 9,746 each government scholarship3 (2002) (2002) (2002) (2002) (2000) (2003) Foreign students (incoming) as a ratio of students enrolled in higher 6.5 18.5 12.6 8.5 15.2 3.0 educational institutions (%) 1 Source: MEXT (Except data on Australia). U.S. figures within parentheses include part-time students. The most current statistics for U.S., Germany and France are as of 2000; U.K., 2001; Japan, 2003, and Australian figures are as of 2002 (Source: AVCC). 2 Source: U.S.: IIE OPEN DOORS; U.K.: HESA (STUDENTS in Higher Educational institutions 2001/02); Germany: Federal Statistics Bureau; France: Ministry of Education (REPERES ET REFERENCES STATISTIQUES); Australia: AEI; Japan: Student Services Division, Higher Education Bureau, MEXT. 3 Source: U.S.: IIE OPEN DOORS; U.K.: British Council; Germany: DAAD; France: French Embassy in Japan; Australia: Australian