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Refitting E Riconversione in Museo Della Nave Da Trasporto LDP San

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Refitting E Riconversione in Museo Della Nave Da Trasporto LDP San Andrea Silva Retting e riconversione in Museo della nave da trasporto LDP San Marco Politecnico di Milano Facoltà di Architettura e Società Corso di Laurea in Architettura degli Interni A.A.: 2013/2014 Tesi di Laurea di Andrea Silva, 786408 Relatore: Pierfederico Caliari Correlatore: Samuele Ossola .Indice – Abstract...............................................................................................I – 1. Refitting e riconversione in museo della nave militare LDP San Giorgio................................................................................................2 – 2. Caratteristiche della Nave..............................................................5 – 3. Il Progetto.......................................................................................9 - 3.1 Secondo Copertino.....................................................12 - 3.2 Primo Copertino..........................................................12 - 3.3 Piano Garage.............................................................13 - 3.4 Primo Ponte................................................................21 - 3.5 Secondo Ponte (Galleria)...........................................28 - 3.6 Piano di Volo...............................................................33 – 4. La Mostra......................................................................................35 – 4.a I Temi: Inquadramento Storico....................................................36 – 4.b Seconda Guerra Mondiale: Battaglia del Mediterraneo..............36 - 4.b.1 Le forze in campo....................................................37 - 4.b.2 Gli obiettivi strategici................................................41 - 4.b.3 Lo svolgimento della Battaglia.................................46 - 4.b.4 Bilancio finale..........................................................58 – 4.c Seconda Guerra Mondiale: Campagna del Nord Africa..............64 - 4.c.1 Teatro Bellico..........................................................64 - 4.c.2 Operazioni Militari....................................................66 - 4.c.3 Bilancio Finale.......................................................107 – 5. Contenuto della Mostra...............................................................117 - 5.1 Ordigni ed Esplosivi..................................................117 - 5.2 Artiglieria...................................................................132 - 5.3 Carri Armati e Veicoli Pesanti...................................154 - 5.4 Mezzi Anfibi..............................................................179 - 5.5 Aeromobili.................................................................190 - 5.6 Imbarcazioni.............................................................218 - 5.7 Armi leggere.............................................................227 - 5.8 Uniformi....................................................................235 - 5.9 Video........................................................................238 – 6. Mostra Itinerante.........................................................................241 .Indice delle Tavole – Tavola 1 – Stato di fatto, con linee d'acqua, vista prospettica, prospetti, piante e sezioni in scala 1:200. – Tavola 2 – Stato di progetto, con confronto con lo stato di fatto, vista prospettica, prospetti piante e sezioni in scala 1:200. – Tavola 3 -- Sviluppo dello stato di progetto, con pianta e sezioni in scala 1:100, prospetti e sezioni in scala 1:200, viste 3D e vista prospettica. – Tavola 4 – Sviluppo dello stato di progetto, con pianta e sezioni in scala 1:100 e viste 3D – Tavola 5 – Sviluppo dello stato di progetto, con pianta e sezioni in scala 1:100 e viste 3D – Tavola 6 – Sviluppo dello stato di progetto, con pianta e sezioni in scala 1:100, viste 3D e vista prospettica – Tavola 7 – Sviluppo dello stato di progetto, con sezione al 100 e vista – Tavola A.1 – Appendice, indice delle opere .Abstract Questo lavoro di tesi si incentra sul refitting e la riconversione in museo della nave militare LDP San Marco, che ha servito nella Marina in moltissimi scenari e che ora è in fase di dismissione. Si è scelto di operare in questo ambito in quanto la possibilità di operare su un'imbarcazione di grandi dimensioni rappresentava una nuova sfida, mai affrontata prima, oltre che un modo per ampliare le proprie conoscenze. L'obiettivo della tesi è di dare nuova vita a una nave che ormai ha terminato il suo periodo operativo, consentendole di solcare ancora i mari, anche se in veste nuova. Il progetto parte da un'analisi dello stato di fatto, in modo da conoscere in modo approfondito tutte le caratteristiche della nave, per poi passare all'intervento progettuale vero e proprio, che si concreta nello svuotamento di buona parte dei ponti sottocoperta e nell'aggiunta di dei ponti superiori, I andando così a creare delle gallerie espositive grandi a sufficienza da poter ospitare veicoli, imbarcazioni e velivoli. A livello formale, le parti nuove, esternamente, si differenziano per via di diverse scelte materiche. Lo spazio interno viene rivisitato mantenendo però le caratteristiche fondamentali di una nave da guerra (spazi non enormi, acciaio, pochi elementi colorati, efficienza). La mostra si incentra sui veicoli e velivoli dell'Esercito, della Marina e dell'Aviazione e da qui deriva il nome del museo (MEdAM, Museo dell'Esercito, della Marina e dell'Aviazione), proiettandoli negli scenari della Seconda Guerra Mondiale dove sono stati più partecipi. È suddivisa su quattro livelli, che, partendo dal basso, sono rispettivamente dedicati all'Esercito, alla Marina (due livelli) e all'Aviazione (il ponte di volo), che sono anche gli enti che si occupano del funzionamento del museo. Il MEdAM non resterà fisso in un luogo, ma è stato studiato per poter seguire un itinerario, in cui la San Marco passerà per i principali porti italiani e per i luoghi dove sono avvenuti gli scontri documentati nella mostra. II 1. REFITTING E RICONVERSIONE IN MUSEO DELLA NAVE MILITARE LDP SAN GIORGIO Il tema della tesi consiste nel refitting della nave San Giorgio, unità specializzata in operazioni da sbarco e trasporto mezzi, in disarmo dalla fine degli anni ottanta, con l'obiettivo di riconvertirla in museo itinerante. La mostra allestita per il San Giorgio riguarda la battaglia del Mediterraneo, combattuta durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale e che ha visto un notevole coinvolgimento dell'esercito italiano. I costi per le operazioni di ristrutturazione sarebbero sostenuti da tutti i Corpi d'Arma, in quanto l'esposizione coinvolge tutte le branche dell'esercito, marina e aviazione. Pertanto l'equipaggio che si occuperà della navigazione sarà fornito dalla marina mentre il resto sarà suddiviso tra esercito e aviazione. 2 3 4 2. Caratteristiche della Nave La Classe San Giorgio (detta anche classe "Santi" per via del fatto che le tre navi portano i nomi di tre santi) è costituita da tre unità LDP, il San Giorgio, il San Marco, e per ultimo, leggermente diverso, il San Giusto, specializzate in operazioni da sbarco che hanno sostituito quelle della Classe Grado andate in disarmo alla fine degli anni ottanta. Sono inserite nella Forza di Proiezione dal Mare, la componente anfibia delle Forze Armate italiane. Le tre navi dovrebbero essere sostituite da tre nuove unità LHD a partire dal 2020. Le navi della Classe San Giorgio rispetto alle Grado che erano esclusivamente unità da sbarco rappresentano un concetto nuovo potendo usufruire di un appoggio elicotteristico proprio. Le unità hanno ponte continuo e isola laterale, e sembrano una sorta di portaerei classe Garibaldi o Tarawa, ma sono troppo piccole per essere davvero usate in tale modo, dato che sul ponte di volo possono operare fino ad un massimo di quattro elicotteri. Queste navi classificate LPD, sono in realtà più simili a grossi traghetti o navi commerciali, hanno un armamento leggero e una buona flessibilità operativa, ma sono prive di hangar: tale limite non permette loro di essere classificate 5 come LHD, nonostante la presenza del ponte di volo. La parte centrale del ponte è dedicata ai mezzi da sbarco e le unità possono operare sia in punti attrezzati sia in acque prospicienti spiagge aperte. Le navi sono dotate di un bacino allagabile poppiero di m 20,5 x 7 da cui fare operare tre mezzi da sbarco tipo LCMmentre altri tre mezzi minori possono essere sistemati sul ponte di coperta. La capacità di carico è 1.000 tonnellate, tra cui circa 99m³ di carichi refrigerati, circa 300m³ di carichi secchi e 60 tonnellate di combustibile Avio. Le navi della Classe San Giorgio possono imbarcare circa 350 uomini equipaggiati della Forza da Sbarco con oltre una trentina di mezzi vari da trasporto e combattimento APC tra VCC-1 e AAV7. Le unità dispongono inoltre di sala operatoria, ambulatorio medico, gabinetto odontoiatrico, gabinetto radiologico, sala ginecologica e sala parto. Tra il 1999 e il 2000 il San Giorgio e il San Marco sono stati sottoposti a lavori di ammodernamento nel corso del quale è stato sbarcato il cannone da 76mm Compatto ed è stato ricavato un alloggiamento a babordo dove sono stati ricollocati due mezzi da sbarco tipo LCVP che precedentemente venivano ospitati sullo stesso bordo del ponte di volo. Tali modifiche hanno consentito 6 un aumento delle dimensioni del ponte di volo che si estende da prua a poppa, dove possono operare simultaneamente fino a quattro elicotteri. Il portellone di prua è stato eliminato, mentre gli elicotteri vengono ospitati in coperta con l'hangar delle dimensioni di 100x20,5m
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