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tungsgemäßen, traditionellen Fortschreitungen durch tango nuevo – was eine recht allgemeine Beschreibung eine nach-debussystische Ästhetik ersetzt. Gegen Ende der Werke Astor Piazzollas ist, der den ursprünglichen findet das Werk zu traditionelleren Harmonien zurück – Tango zur Entwicklung eines moderneren Standpunkts AMERICANCLASSICS als würde der Tango vermittels einer Gummilinse benutzte. Danzón de Etiqueta wurzelt in der Ende des wieder in den Brennpunkt gestellt. 19. Jahrhunderts noch recht feinen Salontradition Lincoln Mayorgas hat in seinem sonnigen Kubas, aus der später äußerst populäre, energiegeladene Bluefields, A West Hollywood Rumba for Arnold das Tanzformen wie der Cha-Cha und der Charanga komplizierte rhythmische Wechselspiel zwischen Vio- entstanden. Der Rhythmus von Joropo entstammt der AMERICAN JOURNEY line und Klavier – wie auch die durch Nonen und Sexten venezolanischen Hochebene (llano) und wird durch angereicherten, scheinbar einfachen Akkordfort- einen kräftigen 3/4- oder 6/8-Takt markiert. Grusin schreitungen – durch eine extrem unterkühlte südame- bemüht sich in seiner Suite nicht um absolute Reinheit, Bernstein • Copland • Foss • Bennett rikanische Disposition verkleidet. zeigt aber doch große Achtung und Zuneigung zu den Als Miniatursuite bezeichnet Dave Grusin seine Originalformen. „Und natürlich,” bemerkt er, „geht es Three Latin American Dances. Diese wurzeln in einem immer darum, eine gute Zeit zu haben.“ Arnold Steinhardt, Violin • Victor Steinhardt, Piano Benefiz-Konzert für Roberta Guasparis Violin- Lincoln Mayorga & Dave Grusin, Piano • Amanda Forsyth, Cello programm Opus 118, das in East Haarlem im Sommer 2000 unter Mitwirkung Steinhardts stattfand. Tango de Ben Finane Parque Central nimmt sich gewisse Freiheiten des Deutsche Fassung: Cris Posslac

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Robert Russell BENNETT (1894–1981): Hexapoda: Five Studies in Jitteroptera (1940) 7:53 Eine amerikanische Reise 1 Gut Bucket Gus 2:00 Bernstein • Copland • Foss • Bennett 2 Jane Shakes Her Hair 1:08 3 Betty and Harold Close Their Eyes 1:43 Auf dieser amerikanischen Reise spielt der Geiger Bernstein seine Sonate für Violine und Klavier – vier 4 Jim Jives 1:03 Arnold Steinhardt einige seiner Lieblingsstücke aus dem Jahre also vor seinem gefeierten, überraschenden Debüt 5 Till Dawn Sunday 1:58 20. Jahrhundert, die zu der erfreulich reichen und als Dirigent der New Yorker Philharmoniker. Das Stück vielgestaltigen Landschaft der amerikanischen Klassik entstand für Raphael Hillyer, einen der Gründer des Lukas FOSS (b. 1922): Three American Pieces (1944) 12:23 beitragen. Juilliard String Quartet, und mit ihm brachte Bernstein 6 Dedication 4:37 Die Reise beginnt bei Robert Russell Bennett, das Werk 1940 auch zur Uraufführung. Die Brüder 7 Early Song 4:45 einem Komponisten, der vor allem wegen seiner Arbeit Steinhardt versuchen mit ihrer intelligenten und 8 Composer’s Holiday 3:00 als Orchestrator bekannt ist: Für den Broadway und für transparenten Interpretation, diesem selten gespielten, London hat er mehr als dreihundert Musicals instru- nachdenklichen Stück zu einem Platz im Repertoire zu Leonard BERNSTEIN (1918–1990): Sonata for Violin and Piano (1939) 15:08 mentiert, darunter Oklahoma und South Pacific. Für den verhelfen. 9 Moderato 4:42 ehemaligen Studenten von Nadja Boulanger boten die Dem frühen Stück von Bernstein folgt ein eben- Variations on Movement One 10:26 Lichter des Broadway nur die Möglichkeit, seine solches von Aaron Copland: Das Nocturne aus den Two 0 I 1:45 ! II 2:03 @ III 1:49 # IV 1:35 $ V 1:16 % VI 1:57 Rechnungen zu zahlen – seine Zuneigung zur seriösen Pieces, die der Komponist 1926 im Alter von 26 Jahren Komposition vermochten sie nicht zu überstrahlen. verfasste und noch im selben Jahr mit dem Geiger Aaron COPLAND (1900–1990) Während seine Abraham Lincoln Symphony sein Samuel Dushkin bei einem Konzert in Paris uraufführte, ^ Two Pieces for Violin and Piano (1926): I Nocturne 4:58 ehrgeizigstes klassisches Werk sein dürfte, sind seine das ausschließlich amerikanische Musik enthielt und Hexapoda: Five Studies in Jitteroptera gewiss sein weitgehend von Studenten Boulangers bestritten wurde. Henry “Harry” Thacker BURLEIGH (1866–1949): Southland Sketches (1916) 11:05 größter Publikumshit. Das Stück, das 1940 von dem Das Nocturne ist eine ruhige, für sich allein stehende & Andante 2:33 Geiger Louis Kaufman uraufgeführt und später auch von Studie über die Ökonomie der musikalischen Mittel und * Adagio ma non troppo 2:32 Jascha Heifetz gespielt wurde, entstand an einem erinnert an eine der verregneten Städteansichten Edward ( Allegretto grazioso 3:11 Wochenende, nachdem Kaufman Bennett gegenüber Hoppers, die hier in Jazz getaucht ist. ) Allegro 2:43 geäußert hatte, dass die „niedere Musik von heute es Den Namen des farbigen Komponisten Harry T. verdiente, durch einen ernsthaften Komponisten gerettet Burleigh kennt man vor allem, weil er seinen Lehrer Victor STEINHARDT (b. 1943) zu werden“. Die fröhlich-schizophrene Energie dieser Antonín Dvofiák vom Wert der „eingeborenen“ ¡ Tango (1996) 6:09 bescheidenen Suite ist unwiderstehlich. amerikanischen Musik überzeugte. Burleigh verhalf Lukas Foss wurde 1922 in Berlin geboren, floh 1933 auch den Negro Spirituals und der Folklore zu einem Arnold Steinhardt, violin • Victor Steinhardt, piano vor den Nazis nach Paris und ging von dort 1937 nach Platz im Konzertsaal, und es gelang ihm, eine Brücke New York City. In den Jahren 1940 und 1941 studierte zwischen dem Kunstlied und dem eigenen musika- Lincoln MAYORGA (b. 1937) er bei Paul Hindemith. 1942 entdeckte er die Musik lischen Erbe zu schlagen. Seine Suite Southland ™ Bluefields, A West Hollywood Rumba for Arnold (1998) 4:08 Strawinskys für sich, und in demselben Jahr erhielt er Sketches ist ein perfektes Beispiel für diesen Brücken- die amerikanische Staatsbürgerschaft. Die 1944 ent- schlag: Sie stützt sich mit ihrer offensichtlichen Pen- Arnold Steinhardt, violin • Lincoln Mayorga, piano standenen Three Pieces für Violine und Klavier waren tatonik auf das Spiritual, verleiht ihrer Melodik ganz Foss’ Geschenk an Amerika. Die Skizzen haben eine bewusst den Eindruck der Kunstfertigkeit und Dave GRUSIN (b. 1934): Three Latin American Dances (2000): 16:02 neoklassizistische Haltung und lassen – vor allem in verwendet weit schwingende Konturen, um jeden Satz £ Tango de Parque Central 4:52 Composer’s Holiday – die europäische Sensibilität und zielgerichtet dem Schluss entgegenstreben zu lassen. ¢ Danzón de Etiqueta 4:58 den turbulenten amerikanischen Stil des Geigenspiels Die drei letzten Stationen unserer American Journey ∞ Joropo Peligroso 6:11 zusammentreffen. Foss arrangierte das Stück später für bestehen aus zwei Tangos und einer Rumba, die für Flöte und Klavier (Drei frühe Stücke) und für Violine Arnold Steinhardt geschrieben wurden. Das erste Stück Arnold Steinhardt, violin • Dave Grusin, piano • Amanda Forsyth, cello bzw. Flöte mit Orchester (Drei amerikanische Stücke). stammt von seinem Bruder Victor, dessen Tango die 1939 schrieb der damals erst 21jährige Leonard Tanzform auf den Kopf stellt und die erwar- 8.559235 2 7 8.559235 559235bk Journey US 16/5/06 7:22 am Page 6

Amanda Forsyth American Journey Bernstein • Copland • Foss • Bennett Juno Award–winning Amanda Forsyth is considered one of North America’s most dynamic cellists. By the age of 24 she had performed two seasons with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and was appointed principal cello of the In this American Journey, violinist Arnold Steinhardt the brothers Steinhardt, with their intelligent and Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra by conductor Mario Bernardi. In 1999 she was appointed principal cello of the performs some of his favourite twentieth-century works transparent interpretation here, have made a case for National Arts Centre Orchestra in Ottawa. She has appeared with leading orchestras in Canada, the United States, that contribute to the delightfully rich and varied boosting this ruminating work’s profile within the Europe, Asia and Australia. As a soloist and chamber musician she has collaborated with such artists as Lynn landscape of American classical music. repertoire. Harrell, Yo-Yo Ma, Pierre Boulez, Gary Hoffman, Ralph Kirshbaum, Mario Bernardi, Garrick Ohlsson, Jon Kimura The journey begins with Robert Russell Bennett, a The early Bernstein piece is followed by an early Parker, Yefim Bronfman, Louis Lortie, Jaime Laredo, Sharon Robinson, Orion Quartet, Michael Tree, Arnold composer remembered foremost as an orchestrator of work by Aaron Copland: Nocturne from Two Pieces. Steinhardt and Pinchas Zukerman. She is a member of the Zukerman Chamber Players, a string ensemble which over three hundred Broadway and London musicals, Written in 1926 when the composer was 26 years of age, appeared to critical acclaim during its first international tour in 2003 with performances at festivals in Canada, the including Oklahoma and South Pacific. For Bennett, Two Pieces was first performed by Copland and the United States, and Europe. Amanda Forsyth performs on a rare 1699 Italian cello by Carlo Giuseppe Testore. who studied under Nadia Boulanger, the bright lights of violinist Samuel Dushkin that same year in Paris at an Broadway were only a way to pay his bills, and never all-American concert made up largely of students of outshone his love of composing serious music. While Boulanger. A quiet, solitary study in economy of means, Lincoln Mayorga Abraham Lincoln Symphony may be his most ambitious Nocturne calls to mind an Edward Hopper-like work on the classical side, Hexapoda: Five Studies in cityscape, drenched in rain and (here) dipped in jazz. Equally versatile and virtuosic regardless of musical genre, pianist and composer Lincoln Mayorga has enjoyed one Jitteroptera is assuredly his greatest crowd pleaser. First The African-American composer Harry T. Burleigh of the busiest studio careers in Hollywood. He was the staff pianist for Walt Disney Studios and contributed to the performed in 1940 by the violinist Louis Kaufman (and is largely remembered for having convinced his teacher, soundtracks of such motion pictures as Chinatown, Pete’s Dragon, and Ragtime. His television credits include Little later played by Jascha Heifetz), the work was written in the Czech composer Antonín Dvofiák, of the worthiness House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven Dallas, and original scores for Fame. As accompanist, arranger, and a weekend in response to Kaufman’s assertion to of ‘indigenous’ American music. Burleigh also helped conductor, he has recorded with such artists as Johnny Mathis, Barbra Streisand, Vikki Carr, Mel Torme, Phil Ochs, Bennett that ‘the low-down music of the day was worth establish a place in the concert hall for negro spirituals Andy Williams, Ernie Freeman, Frank Zappa, and Quincy Jones. He is co-founder of the renowned audiophile saving by a serious-minded composer’. The joyful, and folk melodies, and was able to bridge art-song with record label Sheffield Lab, for which he has produced recordings by a range of artists, from Harry James and his schizophrenic energy of this modest suite is impossible music from his own heritage. His suite, Southland band to Erich Leinsdorf and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. His concert tours have taken his diverse 18th to 21st to resist. Sketches, is a perfect example of that bridging, century repertoire to more than two hundred cities across the United States, Canada, Europe and Russia. Lukas Foss was born in Berlin in 1922, fled to Paris possessing a firm reliance on the Negro spiritual with an in 1933 to escape the Nazis, and left for New York City overtly pentatonic pitch field, instilling a conscious air in 1937. He studied under Paul Hindemith from 1940 to of sophistication in the melodies, and employing large Dave Grusin 1941 and discovered the music of Stravinsky in 1942, sweeping contours in a unified direction, each the same year he became an American citizen. Three movement ambling toward its conclusion. Dave Grusin has worked in the profession of music since 1959, variously as an arranger, pianist, composer and Pieces, written for violin and piano in 1944, was Foss’s The final three stops on our American Journey record producer. Born in Littleton, Colorado, and educated at the University of Colorado, he holds honorary doctoral gift to America. The sketches have a neo-classical bent include two tangos and a rumba written for Arnold degrees from CU and from the Berklee College of Music in Boston. He has written over forty film scores and and pit European sensibility against rough-and-tumble Steinhardt. The first is by his brother, Victor, whose received seven Academy Award nominations, including an Oscar in 1988 for The Milagro Beanfield Wars. From Americana fiddling, particularly in Composer’s Tango turns the dance form on its head, supplanting 1976 to 1995, he was in partnership with Larry Rosen as owners of GRP records. His life as a recording artist and Holiday. Foss would later arrange the entire work for expected traditional progressions with a post-Debussy producer has resulted in ten Grammy awards, including a 2001 nomination for Two Worlds, a classical recording flute and piano (Three Early Pieces) and orchestrate it aesthetic. The work’s return to more traditional with guitarist Lee Ritenour, featuring performances by Renée Fleming and Gil Shaham, among others. In addition for violin/flute and orchestra (Three American Pieces). harmonies near its conclusion acts as a zoom lens, to his professional life, Grusin is co-founder (with Rosen) of the National Foundation for Jazz Education (NFJE), a Leonard Bernstein’s Sonata for Violin and Piano bringing the tango back in focus. The complex rhythmic philanthropic group dedicated to helping young jazz musicians. was penned in 1939, when Bernstein was only 21, four interplay between violin and piano in Lincoln years before his celebrated and unexpected début Mayorga’s sunny Bluefields, A West Hollywood Rumba conducting the New York Philharmonic. The work was for Arnold is disguised by an ultra-cool South American written for Raphael Hillyer, co-founder of the Juilliard disposition, as are the added ninths and sixths in the String Quartet, and Bernstein accompanied Hillyer in seemingly simple chord progression. the 1940 première. This sonata is rarely performed, but Dave Grusin describes his Three Latin American 8.559235 6 3 8.559235 559235bk Journey US 16/5/06 7:22 am Page 4

Dances as a ‘mini-suite’, rooted in a benefit and energetic dance forms, including the cha-cha and the Arnold Steinhardt performance with Steinhardt for Roberta Guaspari’s charanga. The rhythm of Joropo comes from the high East Harlem violin programme, Opus 118, in the plain (Llano) of Venezuela, and is marked by a strong Born in Los Angeles, Arnold Steinhardt received his early training from Carl Moldrem and then with two Leopold summer of 2000. Tango de Parque Central takes 3/4 or 6/8 metre. While not attempting to be perfectly Auer students, Peter Meremblum and Toscha Seidel. At the age of fourteen he made his solo début with the Los liberties toward the direction of ‘New Tango’, a rather pure, Grusin’s suite shows great respect and love for the Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. He continued his studies with Ivan Galamian at the Curtis Institute of Music and generic description of the work of Astor Piazzolla, who originals. ‘And of course’, he notes, ‘the aim, as always, under the sponsorship of Georg Szell with Joseph Szigeti in Switzerland. Winner of the Philadelphia Youth used original tango to develop a more contemporary is to have a good time’. Competition in 1957, the 1958 Leventritt Award, and Bronze Medalist in the Queen Elisabeth International Violin point of view. Danzón de Etiqueta has its roots in late Competition in 1963, he has appeared throughout America and Europe as a recitalist and soloist with various nineteenth-century Cuba, originally a somewhat polite orchestras including the New York Philharmonic and the Cleveland Orchestra. Since 1964 he has been the first salon tradition, but developing later into very popular Ben Finane violinist of the internationally acclaimed Guarneri String Quartet which will now celebrate its forty-third season before the public. In addition to the quartet's many records for RCA, Philips, and Arabesque, Steinhardt’s other recordings include Dvofiák and Strauss with pianist Lincoln Mayorga, a reissue of unaccompanied Bach works, both on the Town Hall label, an all Robert Fuchs record with pianist Victor Steinhardt on Biddulph records, and a soon to be released CD set of the collected works by Schubert for violin and piano with pianist Seymour Lipkin on the Newport Classics label. Arnold Steinhardt is Professor of Violin at the University of Maryland, Rutgers University, Bard College and The Curtis Institute of Music. He has received Honorary Doctorates from the University of South Florida and Harpur College. He is the author of numerous articles for Chamber Music America, Musical America, Keynote, and Strings. His first book, Indivisible By Four, a String Quartet in Pursuit of Harmony, published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux, appeared in 1998. His second book, Violin Dreams, will be published by Houghton Mifflin in October, 2006.

Victor Steinhardt

Since his début as piano soloist with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the age of fifteen, Victor Steinhardt has impressed audiences throughout the United States with his warmth, virtuosity, sensitivity and style. He has performed extensively as a soloist with orchestras, in solo recitals, and in chamber ensembles. He has been a featured artist at the Oregon Bach Festival, the Oregon Coast Music Festival, the Ernest Bloch Music Festival, the Grand Teton Music Festival in Wyoming, the Mohawk Trails Concerts in Massachusetts, the San Luis Obispo Mozart Festival in California, Chamber Music Northwest in Oregon, and Bargemusic in New York. As a chamber Publisher Information musician, he has collaborated with many outstanding artists, including cellists Leonard Rose and Jules Eskin, violinists Arnold Steinhardt, Ida Kavafian, Josef Suk, and Pamela Frank, violist Michael Tree, clarinettist David 1-5 Chapell and Co. Inc, NYC (1941) Shifrin, flautist Ransom Wilson, and the Penderecki, Peterson, Angeles, LaFayette, and Guarneri String Quartets. 6-8 Carl Fischer (1946 / 1994) He also frequently performs four-hand and duo piano music with his wife, Mary Elizabeth Parker. He has received ^ B. Schott and Sons (1956) wide acclaim for several of his compositions. His recent compositions Sonata Boogie for violin and piano, Running &-) G. Ricordi and Co. Inc (1916) Blue for clarinet, violin and piano, and Ein Heldenboogie for piano solo are large-scale works that have been ¡ published by the composer (1996) (BMI) enthusiastically received by audiences all over the United States. ™ Beethoven Music Co. (1999) (ASCAP) £-∞ Raw Deal Music (2002) (BMI)

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Dances as a ‘mini-suite’, rooted in a benefit and energetic dance forms, including the cha-cha and the Arnold Steinhardt performance with Steinhardt for Roberta Guaspari’s charanga. The rhythm of Joropo comes from the high East Harlem violin programme, Opus 118, in the plain (Llano) of Venezuela, and is marked by a strong Born in Los Angeles, Arnold Steinhardt received his early training from Carl Moldrem and then with two Leopold summer of 2000. Tango de Parque Central takes 3/4 or 6/8 metre. While not attempting to be perfectly Auer students, Peter Meremblum and Toscha Seidel. At the age of fourteen he made his solo début with the Los liberties toward the direction of ‘New Tango’, a rather pure, Grusin’s suite shows great respect and love for the Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. He continued his studies with Ivan Galamian at the Curtis Institute of Music and generic description of the work of Astor Piazzolla, who originals. ‘And of course’, he notes, ‘the aim, as always, under the sponsorship of Georg Szell with Joseph Szigeti in Switzerland. Winner of the Philadelphia Youth used original tango to develop a more contemporary is to have a good time’. Competition in 1957, the 1958 Leventritt Award, and Bronze Medalist in the Queen Elisabeth International Violin point of view. Danzón de Etiqueta has its roots in late Competition in 1963, he has appeared throughout America and Europe as a recitalist and soloist with various nineteenth-century Cuba, originally a somewhat polite orchestras including the New York Philharmonic and the Cleveland Orchestra. Since 1964 he has been the first salon tradition, but developing later into very popular Ben Finane violinist of the internationally acclaimed Guarneri String Quartet which will now celebrate its forty-third season before the public. In addition to the quartet's many records for RCA, Philips, and Arabesque, Steinhardt’s other recordings include Dvofiák and Strauss with pianist Lincoln Mayorga, a reissue of unaccompanied Bach works, both on the Town Hall label, an all Robert Fuchs record with pianist Victor Steinhardt on Biddulph records, and a soon to be released CD set of the collected works by Schubert for violin and piano with pianist Seymour Lipkin on the Newport Classics label. Arnold Steinhardt is Professor of Violin at the University of Maryland, Rutgers University, Bard College and The Curtis Institute of Music. He has received Honorary Doctorates from the University of South Florida and Harpur College. He is the author of numerous articles for Chamber Music America, Musical America, Keynote, and Strings. His first book, Indivisible By Four, a String Quartet in Pursuit of Harmony, published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux, appeared in 1998. His second book, Violin Dreams, will be published by Houghton Mifflin in October, 2006.

Victor Steinhardt

Since his début as piano soloist with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the age of fifteen, Victor Steinhardt has impressed audiences throughout the United States with his warmth, virtuosity, sensitivity and style. He has performed extensively as a soloist with orchestras, in solo recitals, and in chamber ensembles. He has been a featured artist at the Oregon Bach Festival, the Oregon Coast Music Festival, the Ernest Bloch Music Festival, the Grand Teton Music Festival in Wyoming, the Mohawk Trails Concerts in Massachusetts, the San Luis Obispo Mozart Festival in California, Chamber Music Northwest in Oregon, and Bargemusic in New York. As a chamber Publisher Information musician, he has collaborated with many outstanding artists, including cellists Leonard Rose and Jules Eskin, violinists Arnold Steinhardt, Ida Kavafian, Josef Suk, and Pamela Frank, violist Michael Tree, clarinettist David 1-5 Chapell and Co. Inc, NYC (1941) Shifrin, flautist Ransom Wilson, and the Penderecki, Peterson, Angeles, LaFayette, and Guarneri String Quartets. 6-8 Carl Fischer (1946 / 1994) He also frequently performs four-hand and duo piano music with his wife, Mary Elizabeth Parker. He has received ^ B. Schott and Sons (1956) wide acclaim for several of his compositions. His recent compositions Sonata Boogie for violin and piano, Running &-) G. Ricordi and Co. Inc (1916) Blue for clarinet, violin and piano, and Ein Heldenboogie for piano solo are large-scale works that have been ¡ published by the composer (1996) (BMI) enthusiastically received by audiences all over the United States. ™ Beethoven Music Co. (1999) (ASCAP) £-∞ Raw Deal Music (2002) (BMI)

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Amanda Forsyth American Journey Bernstein • Copland • Foss • Bennett Juno Award–winning Amanda Forsyth is considered one of North America’s most dynamic cellists. By the age of 24 she had performed two seasons with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and was appointed principal cello of the In this American Journey, violinist Arnold Steinhardt the brothers Steinhardt, with their intelligent and Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra by conductor Mario Bernardi. In 1999 she was appointed principal cello of the performs some of his favourite twentieth-century works transparent interpretation here, have made a case for National Arts Centre Orchestra in Ottawa. She has appeared with leading orchestras in Canada, the United States, that contribute to the delightfully rich and varied boosting this ruminating work’s profile within the Europe, Asia and Australia. As a soloist and chamber musician she has collaborated with such artists as Lynn landscape of American classical music. repertoire. Harrell, Yo-Yo Ma, Pierre Boulez, Gary Hoffman, Ralph Kirshbaum, Mario Bernardi, Garrick Ohlsson, Jon Kimura The journey begins with Robert Russell Bennett, a The early Bernstein piece is followed by an early Parker, Yefim Bronfman, Louis Lortie, Jaime Laredo, Sharon Robinson, Orion Quartet, Michael Tree, Arnold composer remembered foremost as an orchestrator of work by Aaron Copland: Nocturne from Two Pieces. Steinhardt and Pinchas Zukerman. She is a member of the Zukerman Chamber Players, a string ensemble which over three hundred Broadway and London musicals, Written in 1926 when the composer was 26 years of age, appeared to critical acclaim during its first international tour in 2003 with performances at festivals in Canada, the including Oklahoma and South Pacific. For Bennett, Two Pieces was first performed by Copland and the United States, and Europe. Amanda Forsyth performs on a rare 1699 Italian cello by Carlo Giuseppe Testore. who studied under Nadia Boulanger, the bright lights of violinist Samuel Dushkin that same year in Paris at an Broadway were only a way to pay his bills, and never all-American concert made up largely of students of outshone his love of composing serious music. While Boulanger. A quiet, solitary study in economy of means, Lincoln Mayorga Abraham Lincoln Symphony may be his most ambitious Nocturne calls to mind an Edward Hopper-like work on the classical side, Hexapoda: Five Studies in cityscape, drenched in rain and (here) dipped in jazz. Equally versatile and virtuosic regardless of musical genre, pianist and composer Lincoln Mayorga has enjoyed one Jitteroptera is assuredly his greatest crowd pleaser. First The African-American composer Harry T. Burleigh of the busiest studio careers in Hollywood. He was the staff pianist for Walt Disney Studios and contributed to the performed in 1940 by the violinist Louis Kaufman (and is largely remembered for having convinced his teacher, soundtracks of such motion pictures as Chinatown, Pete’s Dragon, and Ragtime. His television credits include Little later played by Jascha Heifetz), the work was written in the Czech composer Antonín Dvofiák, of the worthiness House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven Dallas, and original scores for Fame. As accompanist, arranger, and a weekend in response to Kaufman’s assertion to of ‘indigenous’ American music. Burleigh also helped conductor, he has recorded with such artists as Johnny Mathis, Barbra Streisand, Vikki Carr, Mel Torme, Phil Ochs, Bennett that ‘the low-down music of the day was worth establish a place in the concert hall for negro spirituals Andy Williams, Ernie Freeman, Frank Zappa, and Quincy Jones. He is co-founder of the renowned audiophile saving by a serious-minded composer’. The joyful, and folk melodies, and was able to bridge art-song with record label Sheffield Lab, for which he has produced recordings by a range of artists, from Harry James and his schizophrenic energy of this modest suite is impossible music from his own heritage. His suite, Southland band to Erich Leinsdorf and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. His concert tours have taken his diverse 18th to 21st to resist. Sketches, is a perfect example of that bridging, century repertoire to more than two hundred cities across the United States, Canada, Europe and Russia. Lukas Foss was born in Berlin in 1922, fled to Paris possessing a firm reliance on the Negro spiritual with an in 1933 to escape the Nazis, and left for New York City overtly pentatonic pitch field, instilling a conscious air in 1937. He studied under Paul Hindemith from 1940 to of sophistication in the melodies, and employing large Dave Grusin 1941 and discovered the music of Stravinsky in 1942, sweeping contours in a unified direction, each the same year he became an American citizen. Three movement ambling toward its conclusion. Dave Grusin has worked in the profession of music since 1959, variously as an arranger, pianist, composer and Pieces, written for violin and piano in 1944, was Foss’s The final three stops on our American Journey record producer. Born in Littleton, Colorado, and educated at the University of Colorado, he holds honorary doctoral gift to America. The sketches have a neo-classical bent include two tangos and a rumba written for Arnold degrees from CU and from the Berklee College of Music in Boston. He has written over forty film scores and and pit European sensibility against rough-and-tumble Steinhardt. The first is by his brother, Victor, whose received seven Academy Award nominations, including an Oscar in 1988 for The Milagro Beanfield Wars. From Americana fiddling, particularly in Composer’s Tango turns the dance form on its head, supplanting 1976 to 1995, he was in partnership with Larry Rosen as owners of GRP records. His life as a recording artist and Holiday. Foss would later arrange the entire work for expected traditional progressions with a post-Debussy producer has resulted in ten Grammy awards, including a 2001 nomination for Two Worlds, a classical recording flute and piano (Three Early Pieces) and orchestrate it aesthetic. The work’s return to more traditional with guitarist Lee Ritenour, featuring performances by Renée Fleming and Gil Shaham, among others. In addition for violin/flute and orchestra (Three American Pieces). harmonies near its conclusion acts as a zoom lens, to his professional life, Grusin is co-founder (with Rosen) of the National Foundation for Jazz Education (NFJE), a Leonard Bernstein’s Sonata for Violin and Piano bringing the tango back in focus. The complex rhythmic philanthropic group dedicated to helping young jazz musicians. was penned in 1939, when Bernstein was only 21, four interplay between violin and piano in Lincoln years before his celebrated and unexpected début Mayorga’s sunny Bluefields, A West Hollywood Rumba conducting the New York Philharmonic. The work was for Arnold is disguised by an ultra-cool South American written for Raphael Hillyer, co-founder of the Juilliard disposition, as are the added ninths and sixths in the String Quartet, and Bernstein accompanied Hillyer in seemingly simple chord progression. the 1940 première. This sonata is rarely performed, but Dave Grusin describes his Three Latin American 8.559235 6 3 8.559235 559235bk Journey US 16/5/06 7:22 am Page 2

Robert Russell BENNETT (1894–1981): Hexapoda: Five Studies in Jitteroptera (1940) 7:53 Eine amerikanische Reise 1 Gut Bucket Gus 2:00 Bernstein • Copland • Foss • Bennett 2 Jane Shakes Her Hair 1:08 3 Betty and Harold Close Their Eyes 1:43 Auf dieser amerikanischen Reise spielt der Geiger Bernstein seine Sonate für Violine und Klavier – vier 4 Jim Jives 1:03 Arnold Steinhardt einige seiner Lieblingsstücke aus dem Jahre also vor seinem gefeierten, überraschenden Debüt 5 Till Dawn Sunday 1:58 20. Jahrhundert, die zu der erfreulich reichen und als Dirigent der New Yorker Philharmoniker. Das Stück vielgestaltigen Landschaft der amerikanischen Klassik entstand für Raphael Hillyer, einen der Gründer des Lukas FOSS (b. 1922): Three American Pieces (1944) 12:23 beitragen. Juilliard String Quartet, und mit ihm brachte Bernstein 6 Dedication 4:37 Die Reise beginnt bei Robert Russell Bennett, das Werk 1940 auch zur Uraufführung. Die Brüder 7 Early Song 4:45 einem Komponisten, der vor allem wegen seiner Arbeit Steinhardt versuchen mit ihrer intelligenten und 8 Composer’s Holiday 3:00 als Orchestrator bekannt ist: Für den Broadway und für transparenten Interpretation, diesem selten gespielten, London hat er mehr als dreihundert Musicals instru- nachdenklichen Stück zu einem Platz im Repertoire zu Leonard BERNSTEIN (1918–1990): Sonata for Violin and Piano (1939) 15:08 mentiert, darunter Oklahoma und South Pacific. Für den verhelfen. 9 Moderato 4:42 ehemaligen Studenten von Nadja Boulanger boten die Dem frühen Stück von Bernstein folgt ein eben- Variations on Movement One 10:26 Lichter des Broadway nur die Möglichkeit, seine solches von Aaron Copland: Das Nocturne aus den Two 0 I 1:45 ! II 2:03 @ III 1:49 # IV 1:35 $ V 1:16 % VI 1:57 Rechnungen zu zahlen – seine Zuneigung zur seriösen Pieces, die der Komponist 1926 im Alter von 26 Jahren Komposition vermochten sie nicht zu überstrahlen. verfasste und noch im selben Jahr mit dem Geiger Aaron COPLAND (1900–1990) Während seine Abraham Lincoln Symphony sein Samuel Dushkin bei einem Konzert in Paris uraufführte, ^ Two Pieces for Violin and Piano (1926): I Nocturne 4:58 ehrgeizigstes klassisches Werk sein dürfte, sind seine das ausschließlich amerikanische Musik enthielt und Hexapoda: Five Studies in Jitteroptera gewiss sein weitgehend von Studenten Boulangers bestritten wurde. Henry “Harry” Thacker BURLEIGH (1866–1949): Southland Sketches (1916) 11:05 größter Publikumshit. Das Stück, das 1940 von dem Das Nocturne ist eine ruhige, für sich allein stehende & Andante 2:33 Geiger Louis Kaufman uraufgeführt und später auch von Studie über die Ökonomie der musikalischen Mittel und * Adagio ma non troppo 2:32 Jascha Heifetz gespielt wurde, entstand an einem erinnert an eine der verregneten Städteansichten Edward ( Allegretto grazioso 3:11 Wochenende, nachdem Kaufman Bennett gegenüber Hoppers, die hier in Jazz getaucht ist. ) Allegro 2:43 geäußert hatte, dass die „niedere Musik von heute es Den Namen des farbigen Komponisten Harry T. verdiente, durch einen ernsthaften Komponisten gerettet Burleigh kennt man vor allem, weil er seinen Lehrer Victor STEINHARDT (b. 1943) zu werden“. Die fröhlich-schizophrene Energie dieser Antonín Dvofiák vom Wert der „eingeborenen“ ¡ Tango (1996) 6:09 bescheidenen Suite ist unwiderstehlich. amerikanischen Musik überzeugte. Burleigh verhalf Lukas Foss wurde 1922 in Berlin geboren, floh 1933 auch den Negro Spirituals und der Folklore zu einem Arnold Steinhardt, violin • Victor Steinhardt, piano vor den Nazis nach Paris und ging von dort 1937 nach Platz im Konzertsaal, und es gelang ihm, eine Brücke New York City. In den Jahren 1940 und 1941 studierte zwischen dem Kunstlied und dem eigenen musika- Lincoln MAYORGA (b. 1937) er bei Paul Hindemith. 1942 entdeckte er die Musik lischen Erbe zu schlagen. Seine Suite Southland ™ Bluefields, A West Hollywood Rumba for Arnold (1998) 4:08 Strawinskys für sich, und in demselben Jahr erhielt er Sketches ist ein perfektes Beispiel für diesen Brücken- die amerikanische Staatsbürgerschaft. Die 1944 ent- schlag: Sie stützt sich mit ihrer offensichtlichen Pen- Arnold Steinhardt, violin • Lincoln Mayorga, piano standenen Three Pieces für Violine und Klavier waren tatonik auf das Spiritual, verleiht ihrer Melodik ganz Foss’ Geschenk an Amerika. Die Skizzen haben eine bewusst den Eindruck der Kunstfertigkeit und Dave GRUSIN (b. 1934): Three Latin American Dances (2000): 16:02 neoklassizistische Haltung und lassen – vor allem in verwendet weit schwingende Konturen, um jeden Satz £ Tango de Parque Central 4:52 Composer’s Holiday – die europäische Sensibilität und zielgerichtet dem Schluss entgegenstreben zu lassen. ¢ Danzón de Etiqueta 4:58 den turbulenten amerikanischen Stil des Geigenspiels Die drei letzten Stationen unserer American Journey ∞ Joropo Peligroso 6:11 zusammentreffen. Foss arrangierte das Stück später für bestehen aus zwei Tangos und einer Rumba, die für Flöte und Klavier (Drei frühe Stücke) und für Violine Arnold Steinhardt geschrieben wurden. Das erste Stück Arnold Steinhardt, violin • Dave Grusin, piano • Amanda Forsyth, cello bzw. Flöte mit Orchester (Drei amerikanische Stücke). stammt von seinem Bruder Victor, dessen Tango die 1939 schrieb der damals erst 21jährige Leonard Tanzform auf den Kopf stellt und die erwar- 8.559235 2 7 8.559235 559235bk Journey US 16/5/06 7:22 am Page 8

tungsgemäßen, traditionellen Fortschreitungen durch tango nuevo – was eine recht allgemeine Beschreibung eine nach-debussystische Ästhetik ersetzt. Gegen Ende der Werke Astor Piazzollas ist, der den ursprünglichen findet das Werk zu traditionelleren Harmonien zurück – Tango zur Entwicklung eines moderneren Standpunkts AMERICANCLASSICS als würde der Tango vermittels einer Gummilinse benutzte. Danzón de Etiqueta wurzelt in der Ende des wieder in den Brennpunkt gestellt. 19. Jahrhunderts noch recht feinen Salontradition Lincoln Mayorgas hat in seinem sonnigen Kubas, aus der später äußerst populäre, energiegeladene Bluefields, A West Hollywood Rumba for Arnold das Tanzformen wie der Cha-Cha und der Charanga komplizierte rhythmische Wechselspiel zwischen Vio- entstanden. Der Rhythmus von Joropo entstammt der AMERICAN JOURNEY line und Klavier – wie auch die durch Nonen und Sexten venezolanischen Hochebene (llano) und wird durch angereicherten, scheinbar einfachen Akkordfort- einen kräftigen 3/4- oder 6/8-Takt markiert. Grusin schreitungen – durch eine extrem unterkühlte südame- bemüht sich in seiner Suite nicht um absolute Reinheit, Bernstein • Copland • Foss • Bennett rikanische Disposition verkleidet. zeigt aber doch große Achtung und Zuneigung zu den Als Miniatursuite bezeichnet Dave Grusin seine Originalformen. „Und natürlich,” bemerkt er, „geht es Three Latin American Dances. Diese wurzeln in einem immer darum, eine gute Zeit zu haben.“ Arnold Steinhardt, Violin • Victor Steinhardt, Piano Benefiz-Konzert für Roberta Guasparis Violin- Lincoln Mayorga & Dave Grusin, Piano • Amanda Forsyth, Cello programm Opus 118, das in East Haarlem im Sommer 2000 unter Mitwirkung Steinhardts stattfand. Tango de Ben Finane Parque Central nimmt sich gewisse Freiheiten des Deutsche Fassung: Cris Posslac

8.559235 8 559235rear Journey US 16/5/06 7:22 am Page 1

CMYK NAXOS Playing AMERICAN JOURNEY Time: 77:56 Robert Russell BENNETT (1894–1981):

8.559235 1-5 Made inCanada broadcasting andcopying ofthiscompact discprohibited. translations reserved.Unauthorised public performance, All rights inthissound recording,artwork, textsand Hexapoda: Five studies in 7:53 AMERICAN CLASSICS & Jitteroptera (1940) Lukas FOSS (b. 1922): AMERICAN JOURNEY: 2006 Naxos RightsInternational Ltd. In this American Journey, violinist 6-8 Three American Pieces (1944) 12:23 Arnold Steinhardt performs some of Leonard BERNSTEIN (1918–1990): his favorite twentieth-century works 9-% Sonata for Violin and Piano (1939) 15:08 Aaron COPLAND (1900–1990) for violin. From the ‘indigenous’, ^ Nocturne (1926) 4:58 Negro spiritual nature of the Henry Thacker BURLEIGH (1866–1949): African-American Henry Thacker &-) Southland Sketches (1916) 11:05 Burleigh’s Southland Sketches, to the Victor STEINHARDT (b. 1943): Latin-American dances forming the ¡ Tango (1996) 6:09 second half of the programme, we

Bernstein • Copland Bernstein Lincoln MAYORGA (b. 1937): are treated to examples of the ™ Bluefields, A West Hollywood 4:08 delightfully rich and varied Rumba for Arnold (1998) landscape of American classical Bernstein •Copland £-∞ Dave GRUSIN (b. 1934): Three 16:02 music. This recital also includes Latin American Dances (2000) Leonard Bernstein’s Sonata for Arnold Steinhardt, Violin (1-∞) Violin and Piano, composed at the Victor Steinhardt, Piano (1-¡) age of 21. Lincoln Mayorga, Piano (™) DDD Dave Grusin, Piano (£-∞) Amanda Forsyth, Cello (£-∞) Booklet notes in English Kommentar auf Deutsch Recordedin the Curtis Institute of Music from 20th to

AMERICAN JOURNEY: JOURNEY: AMERICAN 1 ™ www. 8.559235 22nd August, 2003 ( - ) and on 30th November, 2003 (£-∞) naxos.com

Producer: Eric Wen • Engineer: Philip McClelland 8.559235 Please see the booklet for a detailed track list and publisher information Booklet Notes: Ben Finane • Cover Painting: Dancers performing the Tango by Patagonic Works (Getty Images)

NAXOS American flag, folk artist, 1880s.