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HUMAN NICHES – SPIRAL DYNAMICS FOR AFRICA L. Laubscher Student number: 5169 Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in the Management of Technology and Innovation At The Da Vinci Institute for Technology Management Academic supervisor: R.C Viljoen, DBL. Field supervisor: P.L Calitz, M.A Field supervisor: W.J. Schurink, Phil. 2013 DECLARATION I declare that the research project, HUMAN NICHES – SPIRAL DYNAMICS FOR AFRICA, is my own work and that each source of information used has been acknowledged by means of a complete reference. This thesis has not been submitted towards another research project, degree or examination at any university. _______________________________ (Signature of Student) __________ (Date) Johannesburg, South Africa 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my daughters, Isabelle Laubscher and Ann Vorster for their patience with a mother who always had her nose in a book. To my grandchildren Ben, Ty, Sarah-Jane, Luv and Mary-Ann this is part of my life's record for you. It is also for my great-grandchildren, Rebecca, Gabrielle, Reilly and Conner, may you each run a good race. As I look back on my journey I wish to honour the amazing people who were the change agents in my life. Firstly my parents, George and Bella Lewis for the Genes and Memes they unknowingly gave me. To Mrs Mason my first Sunday school teacher and Ms Mary Tainton, my Girl Guide Captain. Miss Audrey Buckle who in the 1940’s was Lady Warden at St. Alban’s Hostel, where I spent 4 amazing years under her guidance and tutelage. I remember and thank Keith van Heerden for taking me beyond the glass ceiling on an equal footing, and taught me Value Engineering and who introduced me to Dr Don Beck –(who was responsible for opening a new door in my mind) thank you Don, you are a gift to me and to South Africa. My thanks to Piet Calitz who took all the pieces that was Loraine and moulded me into a businesswoman. And then came Rica, a student, a guru, a comrade, a supervisor, a masterful teacher, and a friend. Thank you Rica, without you it would not have been done. Thank you also for your patience and the sharing of your knowledge. Please pass on my thanks to the fabulous Ansune Coetzee and Patricia Ndebele for all they contributed, always with a smile. 3 I also wish to thank all the experts I encountered through my journey at da Vinci, and the students in my classes who treated me as one of them and allowed me the freedom to be a student regardless of my chronological age. Thank you to the da Vinci staff, who always greeted me so enthusiastically and provided copies of everything I needed. This list would not be complete without a special vote of thanks to Professor Bennie Anderson, who judged that I was worthy to be a PhD candidate. I hope I am a credit to your judgment. Thanks also for the advice and concern Professor Willem Schurink showed to me. You gave me the confidence to proceed. To my Editor who also honed my computer and electronic skills my most grateful thanks. I dedicate this part of the thesis to the people who permanently influenced my being. Remembering those influences and stories enriched me yet again, and will continue doing so until the end of my days. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .............................................................................................................. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... 3 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................... 8 AN INSPIRING PEACE FROM EDWARDS (2004) ........................................................... 18 Photo A: Yellow Daffodil Garden ................................................................................ 19 Photo B: Yellow Daffodils ............................................................................................ 21 PREFACE .................................................................................................................... 22 PART 1: AN AUTOETHNOGRAPHIC TALE ABOUT MY CORE .......................................... 32 Photo 1.1: Clare Graves and I .................................................................................... 45 Photo 1.2: Liliesleaf .................................................................................................... 47 PART 2: A LIFE-HISTORY INTERVIEW ON MY CONTEXTUAL CORE ................................ 49 PART 3: PEOPLE WHO HELPED SHAPE MY VIEW AND WHO PROVIDED CONTEXT ....... 88 Photo 3.1: Don Beck .................................................................................................. 89 PART 4: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONTEXT ................................................. 105 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 105 4.2 The development of societies ................................................................................. 111 Photo 4.1: Technological innovations ...................................................................... 115 4.3 The nature of social systems .................................................................................. 116 Photo 4.2: Reframing ................................................................................................ 122 4.4 Evolution of a global brain ....................................................................................... 124 Photo 4.3: Importance of everybody in the organisation .......................................... 129 4.5 Gravesian Spiral Dynamics ..................................................................................... 130 4.6 African dynamics ..................................................................................................... 147 4.7 Human Niches ........................................................................................................ 155 4.8 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 160 PART 5: SYSTEMS INTERVENTIONS – CASES OF CO-CREATION .................................. 161 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 161 5.2 Value Circles ........................................................................................................... 163 5.3 Quindiem Consulting (Pty) Ltd ................................................................................ 165 5.4 Taxi violence in the Greater Pretoria Metropolitan Council (GPMC) ...................... 168 5.5 Hostel beds at Western Deep Levels Gold Mine .................................................... 171 5.6 Oil on the roof ......................................................................................................... 173 5.7 Buffelsfontein .......................................................................................................... 175 5.8 Anglo Platinum ........................................................................................................ 176 5.9 The Place That Listens: Western Deep Levels ...................................................... 177 5.10 Feedback and Conclusion .................................................................................... 179 PART 6: THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY: CREATION OF THIS THESIS ........................ 181 Photo 6.1: Loraine .................................................................................................... 181 Photo 6.2: Loraine on her PhD ................................................................................ 182 Photo 6.3: The long and winding road of PhD-research .......................................... 183 Photo 6.4: Loraine during her visit to Glenburn lodge with Rica .............................. 186 5 Photo 6.5: Loraine, Marthie and Rica during a meeting ........................................... 193 Photo 6.6: Mapping theoretical themes that support this thesis .............................. 198 Photo 6.7: Loraine on bed ........................................................................................ 198 Photo 6.8: Mandala Consulting Christmas function ................................................. 202 Photo 6.9: Loraine facilitating Spiral Dynamics for Africa ........................................ 208 Photo 6.10: Loraine and Ansune at the airport ........................................................ 215 Photo 6.11: A photo of Rica and I that holds a special place in my heart ................. 220 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 220 PART 7: CONTRIBUTION: META-INSIGHTS .............................................................. 221 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 221 7.2 Meta-insights ........................................................................................................... 222 7.3 On Purple ................................................................................................................ 223 7.4 On Spiral Dynamics ................................................................................................ 233 7.5 On Human Niches ................................................................................................... 235 7.6 Meta-insights on different