Unit - 4

People’s Revolt

Learning Objectives ▶ To know the Palayakkarar (Poligar) system in ▶ To understand the role of PuliThevar and Kattabomman in the anti- British uprising ▶ To know about the South Indian Rebellion ▶ To know the causes and effects of Vellore Mutiny ▶ To understand the causes and impacts of Revolt of 1857

Introduction So with the consultation of his minister Ariyanatha Mudaliyar, Viswanatha instituted The establishment of political and Palayakkarar system in 1529. Th e whole economic dominance by the British over many country was divided into 72 Palayams and each parts of aft er the Battle of Plassey, 1757 one was put under a Palayakkarar. Palayakkarar disrupted the political, social and economic was the holder of a territory or a Palayam. Th ese order of the country. Th is led to the divesting Palayams were held in military tenure and many landlords and chieft ains of their power extended their full co-operation to be need of and estates. Naturally, many of them revolted the Nayaks. Th e Palayakkarars collected taxes, against the British. Th e English assumed the of which one third was given to the Nayak of right of collecting the annual tribute from the Madurai another one third for the expenditure Palayakkarar. Th e fi rst resistance to the British of the army and rest was kept for themselves. was off ered by the Puli Th evar. Since then there had been rebellions by Palayakkarar such as Early revolts of South India the Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Oomathurai, Marudu brothers and . Revolt of the Palayakkars During the 17th and 18th centuries the Origin of Palayam Palayakkarars played a vital role in the politics Th e Vijayanagar rulers appointed Nayaks of Tamil Nadu. Th ey regarded themselves in their provinces. Th e Nayak of Madurai in as independent. Among the Palayakkarars, turn appointed Palayakkarar. Viswanatha there were two blocs, namely the Eastern and became the Nayak of Madurai in 1529. He the Western blocs. Th e Eastern Palayams noticed that he could not control the chieft ain were the Nayaks ruled under the control of who wanted more powers in their provinces. Kattabomman and the Western palayams

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 35 2/21/2020 10:21:08 AM THE REBEL CONFEDERACY 1799 - 1800 N W E S

Vellore Madras

Sangagiri Erode Chennimalai Odanilai Coimbatore Tiruchirapalli

Virupakshi Nagore Naam Pudukoai Dindigul Tiruppaur Madurai Kalaiyar kovil Sivagangai Tondi

Ramnad Sivagiri Nerkaumseval Kadalkudi Eayapuram Nagalapuram Kayaar Panchalamkurichi

Nanguneri

Not to Scale

were the Maravas ruled under the control of Puli Thevar Puli Thevar. These two palayakkarars refused to Puli Thevar was the pioneer in Tamil pay the kist (tribute) to the English and rebelled. Nadu, to protest against the English rule in India. The early struggle between the He was the Palayakkarar of the Nerkattumseval, Palayakkaras and the East India Company had near Tirunelveli. During his tenure he refused a strong political dimension. By the Carnatic to pay the tribute neither to Mohammed Ali, treaty of 1792, consolidated the English power the Nawab of Arcot nor to the English. Further over the Palayakkars. The English got the right he started opposing them. Hence, the forces of to collect taxes. The result was the outbreak of the Nawab of Arcot and the English attacked the revolt of Palayakkars. Puli Thevar. But the combined forces were

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 36 2/21/2020 10:21:08 AM defeated by Puli Thevar at Tirunelveli. Kattabomman met Jackson Puli Thevar was the first Indian king to have In 1798, Colin fought and defeated the British in India. After Jackson, the collector of this victory Puli Thevar attempted to form a Ramanathapuram wrote league of the Palayakkars to oppose the British letters to Kattabomman and the Nawab. asking him to pay the tribute In 1759, Nerkattumseval was attacked arrears. But Kattabomman by the forces of Nawab of Arcot under the replied that he was not in leadership of Yusuf Khan. Puli Thevar was a position to remit the tribute due to the defeated at Anthanallur and the Nawabs forces famine in the country. Colin Jackson got captured Nerkattumseval in 1761. Puli Thevar angry and decided to send an expedition to who lived in exile recaptured Nerkattumseval in punish Kattabomman. However, the Madras 1764. Later, he was defeated by Captain Campell government directed the collector to summon in 1767. Puli Thevar escaped and died in exile the Palayakkarar at Ramanathapuram and without fulfilling his purpose, although his hold a discussion. courageous trail of a struggle for independence in the history of South India. In 1798, Kattabomman and his minister Siva Subramaniam met the Collector Virapandya Kattabomman at Ramanathapuram. Upon a verification of The Ancestors of accounts, Colin Jackson was convinced that Kattabomman belonged Kattabomman had cleared most of the arrears to Andhra. They migrated leaving only 1080 pagodas as balance. During to Tamil country during this interview Kattabomman and his Minister, the 11th century. As a Sivasubramaniam, had to stand before the feudatory under Pandyas, arrogant collector for three hours. The Jagaveerapandiaya Collector insulted them and tried to arrest Kattabomman ruled Kattabomman and his minister. Kattabomman Virapandyapuram. Virapandya Kattabomman tried to escape with his minister. Oomathurai Panchalankurichi was suddenly entered the fort with his men and its capital. He later became a Poligar during helped the escape of Kattabomman. But the rule of Nayaks. He was succeeded by his unfortunately Sivasubramaniam was taken as son Veerapandya Kattabomman. His wife was prisoner. Jakkammal and his brothers were Oomathurai Edward Clive and Kattabomman and Sevathaiah. After his return to Panchalamkuruchi, Nawab of Arot Kattabomman wrote a letter to the Madras After the decline of the Vijayanagar Council narrating the behaviour of the Collector empire, the mughals established their Colin Jackson. Edward Clive, the Governor supremacy in the south. The Nawabs acted of Madras Council ordered Kattabomman as their representatives in Karnataka. to surrender. The Madras Council directed Panchalamkuruchi palayam was acted as an ally Kattabomman to appear before a Committee. to the Nawab of Arcot. Hence it paid tribute to Meanwhile, Edward Clive dismissed the the Nawabs. But in 1792, the political condition Collector for his misbehaviour and released had completely changed. Based on the Carnatic SivaSubramania. Kattabomman appeared treaty of 1792, the company gained the right before the Committee, and found Kattabomman to collect taxes from Panchalamkuruchi. The was not guilty. S.R. Lushington was appointed collection of tribute was the main cause for the collector in the place of Colin Jackson, who was rivalry between the English and Kattabomman. eventually dismissed from service.

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 37 2/21/2020 10:21:08 AM The confederacy of Palayakkarars near Dindigul. During During that time, Marudu Pandyan of this period she organised formed the South Indian Confederacy an army and employed her of rebels against the British, along with the intelligent agents to find neighbouring Palayakkarars. This confederacy where the British stored declared a proclamation which came to be known their ammunition. She as Tiruchirappalli Proclamation. Kattabomman arranged a suicide attack was interested in this confederacy. He tried to by a faithfull follower establish his influence over Sivagiri,who refused Kuyili, a commander Velu Nachiyar to join with alliance of the rebels. Kattabomman of Velu Nachiyar. She recaptured Sivagangai and was again crowned advanced towards Sivagiri. But the Palayakkar as queen with the help of Marudu brothers. She of Sivagiri was a tributory to the Company. was the first queen to fight against the British So the Company considered the expedition of colonial power in India. She is known by Kattabomman as a challenge to their authority. as Veeramangai and also known as ‘Jhansi Rani So the Company ordered the army to march to of South India’. Panchalamkuruchi. Marudu Brothers Fall of Panchalamkuruchi Marudu brothers Major Bannerman moved his army to were the sons of Panchalamkuruchi on 5th September. They Mookiah Palaniappan cut of all the communications to the Fort. In and Ponnathal. The elder a clash at Kallarpatti, Siva Subramaniyam was brother was called Periya taken as a prisoner. Kattabomman escaped to Marudu (Vella Marudu) Pudukottai. Vijaya Ragunatha Tondaiman, Raja and the younger brother of Pudukottai, captured Kattabomman from Chinna Marudu. Chinna the jungles of Kalapore and handed over to the Marudu was more Marudu Brothers Company. After the fall of Panchalamkuruchi, popular and was called Bannerman brought the prisoners to an Marudu Pandiyan. Chinna Marudu served assembly of the Palayakkarars and after trial under Muthu Vaduganatha Peria Udaya Devar sentenced them to death. Sivasubramania was (1750-1772) of Sivaganga. In 1772 the Nawab executed at Nagalapuram. On the 16th October of Arcot laid seige of Sivaganga and captured ViraPandya Kattabomman was tried before it. Muthu Vaduganatha Peria Udaya Devar, an assembly of Palayakkarar, summoned at died in battle. However after a few months Kayathar. On 17th October 1799, Kattabomman Sivaganga was re-captured by Marudu Brothers was hanged at Kayathar. Kattabomman’s heroic and Periya Marudu was enthroned as the ruler. deeds were the subject of many folk ballads Chinna Marudu acted as his adviser. Due to which kept his memory alive among the people. the terrorist activities against British, he was called as “Lion of Sivaganga”. In the later half Velu Nachiyar of the eighteenth century the rebellion against Velu Nachiyar was a queen of Sivagangai. the British was carried by Marudu Brothers in At the age of 16, she was married to Muthu South India. Vaduganathar, the Raja of Sivagangai. In 1772, Causes for the conflict the Nawab of Arcot and the British troops invaded Sivagangai. They killed Muthu Vaduganathar in Kattabomman was hanged to death Kalaiyar Koil battle. Velu Nachiyar escaped with and his brother Umaithurai and others her daughter Vellachi Nachiyar and lived under fled to Sivaganga, where Marudu Pandya the protection of Gopala Nayaker at Virupachi gave protection to them. The merchants of

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 38 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM Sivaganga did not like the interference of English annexed Sivagangai the company in their internal politics. The In May 1801, English attacked the rebels company waged war against Sivaganga for in Thanjavur and Tiruchi areas. The rebels these two causes. went to Piranmalai and Kalayarkoil. They were again defeated by the forces of the English. In The South Indian Rebellion (1800-1801) the end, the superior military strength and the In February 1801 the brothers of able commanders of the British army won the Kattabomman, Oomathurai and Sevathaiah battle. The rebellion failed and English annexed escaped from Palayamkottai prison and reached Sivagangai in 1801. The Marudu brothers Kamudhi. Chinna Marudu took them to were executed in the Fort of Tirupathur in Siruvayal, his capital. They reconstructed their Ramanathapuram District on 24 October 1801. ancestral fort at Panchalamkurichi. The British Oomathurai and Sevathaiah was captured troops under Colin Macaulay retook the fort and beheaded at Panchalamkuruchi on 16 in April and the Palayakkarar brothers sought November 1801. Seventy three rebels were shelter in Sivaganga. The English demanded sentenced to Penang in Malaya, then called the Marudu Pandyas to hand over the fugitives, the Prince of Wales Island. Though they fell before latter refused. Col. Agnew and Colonel Innes the English, they were the pioneers in sowing marched against them. the seeds of nationalism in the land of Tamil.

The Palayakkarar War assumed a much Thus the South Indian Rebellion is a land broader character than its predecessor. It was mark in the . Although the directed by a confederacy consisting of Marudu 1800-1801 rebellion was to be categorized in the Pandiar of Sivaganga, Gopala Nayak of Dindigul, British records as the Second Palayakkarar War. Kerala Varma of Malabar and Krishnappa Under the terms of the Karnataka Treaty on 31 Nayak and Dhoondaji of Mysore. The English July 1801, the British assumed direct control declared war against the confederacy. over Tamil Nadu. The Palayakkarar system was abolished. The Tiruchirappalli Proclamation (1801) The Marudu Pandyas issued a Dheeran Chinnamalai proclamation of Independence called Dheeran Chinnamalai was born at Tiruchirappalli Proclamation in June 1801. The Melapalayam in Chennimalai near Erode. Proclamation of 1801 was the first call to the His original name was Theerthagiri. He was a Indians to unite against the British. A copy of palayakkarar of Kongu country who fought the proclamation was pasted on the walls of the the British East India Company. The Kongu Nawab’s palace in the fort of Tiruchi and another country comprising Salem, Coimbatore, Karur copy was placed on the walls of the Vaishnava and Dindigul formed a part of the Nayak temple at Srirangam. Thus Marudu brothers kingdom of Madurai but had been annexed by spread the spirit of opposition against the English the Wodayars of Mysore. After the fall of the everywhere. As a result many Palayakkarars of Wodayars, these territories along with Mysore Tamil Nadu went on a rally to fight against the were controlled by the Mysore Sultans. After the English. Chinna Marudu collected nearly 20,000 third and fourth Mysore wars the entire Kongu men to challenge the English army. British region passed into the hands of the English. reinforcements were rushed from Bengal, Dheeran Chinnamalai was trained by Ceylon and Malaya (Malaysia). The rajas of French military in modern warfare. He was along Pudukkottai, Ettayapuram and Thanjavur the side Tipu Sultan to fight against the British stood by the British. Divide and rule policy East India Company and got victories against the followed by the English spilt the forces of the British. After Tipu Sultan’s death Chinnamalai Palayakkarars. settled down at Odanilai and constructed a fort

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 39 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM there to continue his struggle against the British. Causes for the revolt He sought the help of Marathas and Maruthu � The strict discipline, new weapons, new Pandiyar to attack the British at Coimbatore in methods and uniforms were all new to the 1800. British forces managed to stop the armies sepoys. of the allies and hence Chinnamalai was forced � to attack Coimbatore on his own. His army was The sepoys were asked to shave the beard defeated and he escaped from the British forces. and to trim the moustache. Chinnamalai engaged in guerrilla warfare � The wearing of religious mark on the and defeated the British in battles at Cauvery, forehead and the use of ear-rings were also Odanilai and Arachalur. During the final battle, banned. Chinnamalai was betrayed by his cook Nallapan � The English treated the Indian sepoys as and was hanged in Sankagiri Fort in 1805. their inferior. There was the racial prejudice. Vellore Revolt (1806) Immediate Cause In June 1806, military General Agnew The family members introduced a new turban, resembling a of Tipu were imprisoned at European hat with a badge of cross on it. It Vellore fort after the fourth was popularly known as ‘Agnew’s turban’. Mysore war. Some three Both the Hindu and Muslim soldiers opposed thousand ex-servants and it. So the soldiers were severely punished by soldiers of Hyder and Tipu had also been moved to the the English. vicinity of Vellore and their property in Mysore Course of the Revolt confiscated. It was quite natural that they were The Indian soldiers were waiting for an all unhappy and they hatred the English. opportunity to attack the English officers. Tipu’s family also took part. Fettah Hyder, the elder son of Tipu, tried to form an alliance against the English. On July 10th in the early morning the native sepoys of the 1st and 23rd Regiments started the revolt. Colonel Fancourt, who commanded the garrison, was their first victim. Vellore Fort The fort gates were closed. Meantime, the rebels The Vellore fort consisted of large proclaimed Futteh Hyder, as their new ruler. majority of Indian troops, a good part of it The British flag in the fort was brought down. recently been raised in Tirunelveli after the The tiger-striped flag of Tipu Sultan was hoisted Palayakarar uprising of 1800. Many of the on the fort of Vellore. trained soldiers of the various Palayams were Suppression of the Revolt admitted into the English army. Thus the Vellore Major Cootes who was outside the fort became the meeting ground of the rebel fort rushed to Ranipet and informed Colonel forces of South India. Gillespie. Col. Gillespie reached Vellore fort. In 1803, William Cavendish Bentinck He made an attack on the rebel force. The revolt became Governor of Madras. During his period was completely suppressed and failed. Peace certain military regulations were introduced was restored in Vellore. On the whole, 113 in 1805-06 and were enforced by the Madras Europeans and about 350 sepoys were killed in Commander-in-Chief Sir John Cradock. But the uprising. The revolt was suppressed within a the sepoys felt that these were designed to insult short period. It was one of the significant events them. in the history of Tamil Nadu.

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 40 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM Effects of the Vellore Revolt � The conversion activities of Christian � The new methods and uniform regulations missionaries were looked upon with were withdrawn. suspicion and fear. The priests and the � The family of Tipu as a precautionary maulavis showed their discontent against measure was sent to Calcutta. the British rule. � � William Cavendish Bentinck was removed Abolition of practices like sati, female from his service. infanticide, support to widow remarriage and female education were seen by many as Causes for the failure of the Revolt interference in their Indian culture by the � There was no proper leadership to guide the Europeans. soldiers properly. � The Indian sepoys were looked upon as � The rebellion was also not well organised. inferior beings and treated with contempt by � Divide and Rule policy of the English, split their British officers. They were paid much the unity of the Indians. less than the British soldiers. All avenues of V.D. Savarkar calls the Vellore revolt of the promotion were closed to them as all 1806 as the prelude to the first War of Indian the higher army posts were reserved for the Independence in 1857. British. The Revolt of 1857 Immediate cause The early uprisings did The immediate cause was the not succeed in threatening the introduction of new Enfield Riffles in the army. British in India. It took the The top of the cartridge of this rifle was to be Revolt of 1857 to bring home removed by the mouth before loading it in the to the Company and the rifle. The cartridges were greased by the fat of British thought that their rule pig and the cow. The Indian sepoys believed was not accepted to a large that the British were deliberately attempting to section of the population. The Revolt of 1857 spoil the religion of both the Hindus and the was a product of the character and the policies Muslims because while the Hindus revered the of colonial rule. The cumulative effect of British cow, the Muslims hated the pig. The soldiers, expansionist policies, economic exploitation therefore, determined to refuse their service and administrative innovations over the years and, ultimately revolted. Thus, the primary and had adversely affected the positions of all rulers the immediate cause of the revolt was the use of of Indian states. the greased cartridges. Causes of the Revolt The Outbreak of the Revolt � The most important cause of revolt 1857 was a popular discontent of the British policy of On 29 March economically exploiting India. This hurt all 1857 at Barrackpur sections of society. The peasants suffered (near Kolkata) Mangal due to high revenue demands and the strict Pandey, a young Sepoy revenue collection policy. from Bengal Regiment, � Policies of doctrine of lapse, subsidiary refused to use the greased alliance and policy of Effective Control cartridge, and shot created discontentment among people. down his sergeant. He Annexation of Awadh (Oudh) proved that was arrested, tried and Mangal Pandey even the grovelling loyalty can't satisfy British executed. When this greed for territories. news spread many sepoys revolted.

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 41 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM THE REVOLT OF 1857

N W E S

Meerut Delhi Bareilley Agra r Gwalior Luknow Kanpu abad Jagdispur aiz Jhansi F Banaras Kalpi

Barrackpore

Not to Scale

Course of the Revolt Delhi became the centre of the Great Revolt On 10 May 1857, the Sepoys of the and Bahadur Shah, its symbol. third cavalry at Meerut openly revolted by The revolt spread quickly. There were swarming the prisons and releasing their mutinies at Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi, Bareilly, comrades. They were immediately joined by Bihar, Faizabad, and many other places in th th the men of the 11 and 20 Native Infantries, north India. Many of them found that it was and they murdered some English officers and a good opportunity to burn the papers of then marched to Delhi. The arrival of Meerut their landlords. Many others whose titles and sepoys at Delhi on 11th May and declared of pensions were abolished by the British who Bahadur Shah II as the Emperor of India. participated in it, inorder to take revenge.

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 42 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM British Officials Places of In Central India the Indian Leaders who suppressed Revolt revolt was guided the revolt by Rani Lakshmi Delhi Bahadur Shah II John Nicholson Bai of Jhansi. She was one of the Lucknow Begum Hazrat Mahal Henry Lawrence greatest patriots of India. Sir Hugh Rose Kanpur Nana Saheb Sir Colin Campbell occupied Jhansi. Rani Lakshmi Bai fled from Jhansi & Lakshmi Bai, Jhansi and joined hands with Tantia Tope General Hugh Rose Gwalior Tantia Tope who had assumed the leadership of the rebel army at Gwalior. But the British captured Bareilly Khan Bahadur Khan Sir Colin Campbell Gwalior in June 1858. Rani was killed in the Bihar Kunwar Singh William Taylor battle. Tantia Tope fled away but was captured and later executed. According to the British The Causes for the Failure of theRevolt historians, present at the time of revolt, Rani Lakshmi Bai was the best and the bravest Various causes were responsible for the among the leaders of the Revolt of 1857. failure of the revolt. � Lack of organisation, discipline, common plan of action, centralised leadership, Suppression of the Revolt modern weapons and techniques. Lord Canning, the governor-general � The rebel leaders were no match to the took immediate steps to suppress the revolt. British Generals. Rani Lakshmi Bai, Tantia He collected the forces of Madras, Bombay, Sri Tope and Nana Saheb were courageous but Lanka and Burma. On his own initiative, he they were not good generals. called the British army which was deputed to � Non-participation of Bengal, Bombay, China by Britain to Calcutta. He ordered the Madras, western Punjab and Rajputana. loyal Sikh army to proceed to Delhi immediately. � The modern educated Indians did not The British regained their lost positions very support the Revolts as they believed that soon. only British rule could reform Indian society and modernize it. Delhi was recaptured by General � John Nicholson on 20 September, 1857 and The British managed to get the loyalty of the deportation of Bahadur Shah II to Rangoon Sikhs, Afghans and the Gurkha regiments. where he died in 1862. Military operations The Gurkhas actually helped the British in suppressing the revolt. with the recovery of Kanpur were closely � associated with the recovery of Lucknow. Sir The British had better weapons, better Colin Campbell occupied Kanpur. Nana Saheb generals, and good organisation. was defeated at Kanpur and escaped to Nepal. Consequences of the Revolt His close associate Tantia Tope escaped to � The Revolt of 1857 marked a turning point central India, was captured and put to death in the history of India. It led to changes in while asleep. The had died in the system of administration and the policy the battle-field. Kunwar Singh, Khan Bahadur of the Government. Khan were all dead, while the Begum of Awadh � The administration of India was transferred was compelled to hide in Nepal. The revolt was from the East India Company to the British finally suppressed. By the end of 1859, British Crown through the ‘Queen’s Proclamation’ authority over India was fully re-established. in 1858.

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 43 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM � The governor general was given the title of Recap viceroy. � The Vijayanager ruers appointed Nayaks in � The Board of Directors and the Board of their provinces. Control were replaced by the Council of 15 members headed by the Secretary of State to � The Nayak of Madurai in turn appointed supervise Indian affairs. Palayakkarar. � The Indian Army was thoroughly � The English got the right to collect taxes and reorganised. More Britishers were employed the result was the outbreak of the revolt of in the army. Palayakkarars. � The British military policy came to be � The collection of tribute was the main cause dominated by the idea of ‘divide and for the rivalry between the English and counterpoise’. Kattabomman. Infact, the Revolt of 1857 played an � Marudu brothers were the sons of Mookiah important role in bringing the Indian people Palaniappan and Ponnathal. together and imparting them the consciousness � Dheeran Chinnamalai was trained by of belonging to one country. The Revolt paved French military in modern warfare. the way for the rise of the modern national � movement. It was at the beginning of the Tipu Sultan fought against the British East twentieth century that the 1857 Revolt came India Company. to be interpreted as a “planned war of national � Rani Lakshmi Bai was the best and the independence”, by the Historian V.D. Savarkar bravest among the leaders of the Revolt of in his book, 'First War of Indian Independence'. 1857.

GLOSSARY Beheaded hanged to death 鏁ாக்垿லி翁 Betrayed give away information about somebody கா翍羿க்கொ翁

Cartridge bullet த�ோட்ட

Eventually in the end 믁羿வாக Infantry an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot காலாட㞪டை Tribute payment made periodically by one state கப㞪믍 Swarm crowd 埂ட்믍

Evaluation 2. Which of the following Palayakkarar of Tamil Nadu was the pioneer against the English rule I Choose the correct a) Puli Thevar answer b) Yusuf Khan 1. The Palayakkarar c) Kattabomman system was instituted d) Marudu brothers in 3. Colin Jackson was the collector of a) 1519 b) 1520 a) Madurai b) Tirunelveli c) 1529 d) 1530 c) Ramanathapuram d) Tuticorin

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 44 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM 4. Veera Pandiya Kattabomman was III Match the following hanged at 1. Delhi Kunwar singh a) Panchalamkurichi b) Sivagangai 2. Kanpur Khan Bahudar Khan c) Tiruppathur d) Kayathar 3. Jhansi Nana Saheb 5. Velu Nachiyar was a queen of 4. Bareilly Lakshmi Bai a) Nagalapuram b) Sivagiri 5. Bihar Bahadur Shah II c) Sivagangai d) Virupachi IV State true or false 6. Tiruchirapalli proclamation was issued by 1. The Vijayanagar rulers appointed Nayaks in their provinces. a) Marudu Pandiyars 2. Sivasubramania was the minister of b) Krishnappa Nayak Marudu pandiyas. c) Velu Nachiyar 3. Kattabomman was hanged on 17th d) Dheeran Chinnamalai October 1799. 7. Which of the following place was 4. Fettah Hyder was the elder son of associated with Dheeran chinnamalai Tipu Sultan. a) Dindigul b) Nagalapuram V a) Consider the following c) Pudukottai d) Odanilai statements and tick (✓) the 8. Rani Lakshmi Bai led the revolt at appropriate answer a) Central India b) Kanpur i) The Vellore revolt was held in 1801. c) Delhi d) Bareilly ii) The family members of Tipu were imprisoned at Vellore fort after the fourth Mysore war. II Fill in the Blanks iii) At the time of Vellore revolt, the 1. The Eastern Palayms were ruled under Governor of Madras was Lord the control of . William Bentinck. 2. Vishwanatha Nayakar instituted iv) The victory of revolt of Vellore the Palayakarar system with the against British was one of the consultation of his minister . significant event in the history of India. 3. The ancestors of Kattabomman a) i & ii are Correct belonged to . b) ii & iv are Correct 4.  was known by Tamils as c) ii &iii are correct Veera mangai and Jhansi Rani of south d) i, ii & iv are correct india. b) Find out the wrong pair 5.  was called as ‘lion’ of a) Marudu Pandiyar - Ettayapuram sivagangai. b) Gopala Nayak - Dindigul 6.  was described the revolt of 1857 as First War of India c) Kerala Varma - Malabar Independence. d) Dhoondaji - Mysore

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 45 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM c) Find out the odd one IX Map skill a) Kattabomman b) Oomaithurai On the River map of India mark the c) Sevathaiah d) Tipu Sultan following centres of the revolt of 1857. 1) Delhi 2) Lucknow VI Answer the following in one 3) Meerut 4) Barrackpore or two sentences 5) Jhansi 6) Gwalior 1. What do you know about the 7) Kanpur Palayakarars? Name some of them. 2. What was the part of Velu Nachiyar in X Project and Activity the Palayakkarar revolt? 3. Who were the leaders of Palayakkarar collect pictures of Palayakkarars and confederacy in the south Indian prepare an album. rebellion? 4. What was the importance of Tiruchirappalli proclamation? REFERENCE BOOKS 5. Bring out the effects of the Vellore revolt. 1. Rajayyan, K. - South Indian rebellion : The First War of Independence 1800- 6. What was the immediate cause of the 1801, Mysore : Rao and Raghavan, Revolt of 1857? Mysore 1971 VII Answer the following in 2. Bipan Chandra - History of Modern detail India, Orient Blackswan Private 1. What do you know about the Limited 2018 Puli Thevar? 3. Ishita Banerjee-Dube - A History of 2. Explain the events that led to conflict Modern India, Cambridge University between Dheeran Chinnamalai and Press 2014 the British. 3. What were the causes for the Great INTERNET RESOURCES revolt of 1857? 4. What were the causes for the failure „„ https://www.britannica.com of the Revolt of 1857? „„ https://www.ducksters.com/ VIII HOTs „„ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellore_ mutiny Prove that there was no common „ purpose among the leaders of the Great „ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_ revolt of 1857. Rebellion_of_1857

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Unit-4 HISTORY.indd 46 2/21/2020 10:21:09 AM