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The James H. Dooley Mansion : a Richmond Example of the Richardsonian Romanesque Style

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The James H. Dooley Mansion : a Richmond Example of the Richardsonian Romanesque Style Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1983 The James H. Dooley mansion : A Richmond example of the Richardsonian Romanesque style Vera Twiggs Underwood Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Architecture Commons, and the Arts and Humanities Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5622 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE JAMES H. DOOLEY MANSION : A RICHMOND EXAMPLE OF THE RICHARDSONIAN ROMJU�ESQUE STYLE by VERA TWIGGS UNDERWOOD B.A. , Hamp ton Ins titute, 1974 Submi tted to the Faculty of the School of the Arts of Virginia Commonwealth University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts RICHMOND, VIRGINIA May , 1983 APPROVAL CERTIFICATE THE JAMES H. DOOLEY MANSION : A RICHMOND EXAMPLE OF THE RICHAR DSON IAN ROMANESQUE STYLE by VERA TWIGGS UNDERWOOD Departmental Reader G ate Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS . ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v DEDI CATION vi INTRODUCTION Scope and Purpose 2 Chapter I. THE DOOLEYS .. 5 Their Origins and Early Lives 5 Major Dooley 's Business Professions 7 Maj or Dooley's Impact Upon Richmond 's Bus iness and Social Life . 8 Maj or and Mrs . Dooley 's Lifestyle .. fl The Dooley 's Impact on Richmond Following Their Deaths 11 II . THE DOOLEY MANSION 14 The Site 14 Arch itectural Background 14 Architect 18 III. EXTERIOR OF THE DOOLEY MANSION 20 Space and Des ign . 20 Comparison with other Richmond Dwel lings 20 Comparison with Dwellings by Henry H. Richardson 22 Construction and ma terials . 23 IV . DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FURNISHED ROOMS: IMPORTANT AND INTERESTING FURNISHINGS , ART OBJECTS , INFLUENCES , MATERIALS , IMPORTS , AMERICAN �.ADE 25 Interior of the Dooley Mansion 25 Space and Design 25 Styles " .. 26 First Floor .. 26 Formal Entrance Hall 26 Library .... 27 Pink Drawing Ro om 29 Blue Drawing Ro om 30 Dining Room . 32 Butler 's Pantry . 33 South Entrance Liv ing Hall 34 Foyer . 35 Office . 36 Second Floor 37 Th e Living Hall 37 Hallway ... 38 Mrs . Dooley 's Dressing Room 39 Mrs . Dooley 's Bathroom 41 Mrs . Dooley 's Bedroom . 41 The Mo rning Ro om 43 Maj or Dooley 's Bedroom 4 5 Major Dooley 's Dressing Room 46 Maj or Dooley 's Bathroom 47 V. UNFURNISHED ROOM S 48 Basement 48 Third Floor 48 VI . RELATIONSHIP OF HOUSE TO GROUNDS 50 Imported Trees 50 Italian Garden 51 Japanese Garden and Cascades 51 Buildings . 52 Barn/Gatekeeper 's House 52 Carriage House 53 Water Tower . 53 Dung Pit 54 Ch icken Coop 54 Mews .... 54 Mausoleum ' . 55 Old Pump House 55 Gazebos 55 Kanawha Canal 56 VII . CONCLUSION 57 SOURCES CONSULTED 60 ILLUSTRATIONS . 63 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Front, West entrance , Dooley Mans ion .. 63 2. South arch , Neo-Romanesque Revival Style 63 3. South entrance 64 4. East side . .. 64 5. North side . .. 65 6. Smooth and rough-faced granite, sandstone materials 65 7. South side, shingled roof . 66 8. Oil portrait, Maj or James H. Dooley 66 9. Oil portrait , Mrs . Sallie May Dooley 67 10. Library .. 67 11. Library , Detail , ceiling ...... 68 12. Library , Louis XV desk, copy , 19 th c. 68 13. Library , winged lion chair , mahogany , Italian , 19th c. 69 14. Library , swan-in-flight chair , mahogany , Florentine 69 15. Pink Room ................. 70 16. Pink Room , Detail , ceiling frescos ..... 70 17. Pink Room , Detail, silk damask wall covering . 71 18. Pink Room, Florentine pedes tal table, c. 1880 71 19 . Pink Room , marb le sculp ture , "Mother Love" , by Ihlliam Couper . 72 20 . Blue Drawing Room . 72 21. Blue Drawing Room , Detail , ceiling fresco 73 22 . Blue Drawing Room , De tail, silk damask wall covering 73 23. Blue Drawing Room, fireplace . 74 24 . Blue Drawing Room , De tail , Aubus son tapestry .. 74 25 . Blue Drawing Room , onyx and glass floor lamp , c. 1880 75 26 . Dining Room . 75 27. Dining Room, Detail , wall canvas 76 28. Dining Room, fireplace . 76 29 . Dining Room , De tail , fireplace . 77 30 . Dining Room , china cab inet, French , c. 1855 77 31 . Dining Room , Detail , plate , c. 1880 78 32 . Butler 's Pantry ........... 78 33. South Entrance Living Hall . 79 34 . South Entrance Living Hall, Detail , fireplace 79 35 . South Entrance Living Hall, chair , mahogany , Louis XV style , c. 19th c .................. 80 36 . South Entrance Living Hall, case clock, French 80 37 . South Entrance Living Hall, lamp , bronze , 1880 81 38 . Foyer . 81 39 . Foyer , vase, Oriental , 18th c .. 82 40 . Office, fireplace ....... 82 41. Stairway , between first and second floors 83 42. Stained glass window . 83 43. Second Floor Living Ha ll ..... 84 44. Second Floor Living Hall, fireplace 84 45. Second Floor Living Hall, Bureau Plat , Louis XV style , c. 18th c .............. 85 46 . Second Floor Living Hall , De tail, French Gobelin tapestry , c. 1780 . 85 47. Hallway , Lady 's Louis XVI style writing desk, c. 1880 86 48. Ha llway , corner seat , maho gany , Italian 86 49 . Mrs . Do oley 's Dr essing Room ......... 87 50 . Mrs . Do oley 's Dr essing Room , fireplace .... 87 51. Mrs . Dooley 's Dressing Room , De tail , chair, sterling silver and ivory .. ..... .. 88 52. Mrs . Do oley 's Dressing Room, rocker , cane seat 88 53. Mrs . Do oley's Bathroom . .. ... 89 54 . Mrs . Do oley 's Bedroom . .. .. 89 55. Mrs . Do oley 's Bedroom, clock, Ti ffany , ormolu and carrara marble .................... 90 56. Mrs . Dooley 's Bedroom , Lady 's writing desk , 1850 90 57. Mrs . Do oley 's Bedroom , chaise lounge , 19th c. 91 58. Morning Room . 91 59 . Morning Room, fireplace 92 60 . Morning Room , writing desk and chair , Edwardian He pplewhi te, satinwood, 1880 ..... 92 61. Maj or Do oley 's Bedroom .. 93 62. Maj or Do oley's Bedroom, door . 93 63. Major Dooley 's Bedroom, cylinder desk, French Empi re Re vival Style , mahogany , c. 1870 .... 94 64 . Maj or Do oley 's Bedroom, tea caddy , rosewood and sterling, En glish , c. 1878 ........ 94 65. Maj or Do oley 's Dr essing Room ............. 95 66 . Maj or Dooley 's Dressing Room , fireplace ........ 95 67. Ma jor Do oley 's Dressing Room , dressing table, maho gany , Em p ire Style . 96 68. Maj or Do o ley's Bathroom 96 69. Basement .... .... 97 70 . Third Floor, fireplace . 97 7l . Italian Garden , pe rgola 98 72 . Japanese Garden , cascades 98 73 . Japanese Garden , waterfall 99 74 . Japanese Garden . 99 75 . Do oley Es tate, maj or buildings 100 76 . Barn/Gatekeeper's House 100 77. Carriage House 101 78 . Water Tower 1 () 1 79 . Dun g Pit .. 102 80. Chicken Coop 102 81. Mews .... 103 82. Mausoleum 103 83. Old Pump Ho use 104 84. Gazebo, Eas t end of Italian Garden 104 85. Gazebo , West end of mansion 105 86 . Gazebo , West end of Italian Garden .... 105 87 . Floor plan (not to scale) , Dooley Mansion , 1st Floor 106 88. Floor plan (not to scale) , Dooley Mans ion , 2nd Floor 107 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks are extended to the following persons for their assistance : Ms . Stuart Rigouby, former curator of the Dooley Mansion ; Ms. Linda Wade, former program co-ordinator at Maymont ; Ms . Martha Crab ill, former assistant curator of the Dooley Mansion ; Ms . Marie North, former curator of the Dooley Mansion; Ms . Dale Cyrus Wheary , present curator of the Dooley Mansion ; Ms . Mary K. Liggins , grammarian; Mr . Wesley G. Ho lt, for phot ographs of the interior of the Dooley Mansion; Dr . Regenia A. Perry , thesis advisor; and Dr . Richard C. Flint , As sociate Professor of Art History who served as the thesis reader. DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my parents , Joseph and Shirley Twiggs , who supported me in many ways throughout my educational pursuits , and to my husband Reginald, for his continued support and understanding. A special dedication go es to my great-great aunt , Frances Walker , who was emp loyed by Maj or and Mrs . James H. Do oley for many years . INTRODUCTION Virginia's monopoly of trade prior to 1790 was held by British mer­ chants and was retained by them after the Peace of 1783. Later , however, the northern and eastern states created competition among themselves , and it was during the years following the war wi th Great Britain (1812-1814) that Richmond began to grow and prosper in many ways . Real estate esca­ lated in value. Steep hills and gullies were leveled or graded . Ex­ tensions were cons tructed in all directions . The twenty-year period from 1830-1850 was a time of tremendous progress in Richmond . The city was becoming industrially important with cotton texi les , factories , tobacco plants, iron , carriage, soap and candle foundries , flour and corn mi lls , imports , and exports. Fortunes in railroads were gained and los t; pro­ gress grew in land and water transportation. In 1847 the first telegraph office was established in Richmond . Richmond became an industrial ci�y in an agricultural state. Du ring this great expansion period, two people were born who became one of Richmond's most unique and important coup les of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries : Maj or and Mrs . James He nry Doo ley . A setback occurred when on May 10, 1861 the War between the States was declared , and thirteen days later Rich mond was chosen as capitol of the Confederacy . The Confederacy was des tined not to survive the con­ flict , and Richmond was to suffer considerable financial and architectural losses .
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