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The Promotion of Alternative Tourism Forms As a Local Sustainable Title: “The promotion of local sustainable development through the planning of integrated tourist routes. The case study of Archanes village.” Student’s Full Name: Zouridaki G. Maria [2019] 0 Title “The promotion of local sustainable development through the planning of integrated tourist routes. The case study of Archanes village.” Student’s Full Name: Zouridaki G. Maria A Dissertation submitted to the School of Tourism and Maritime Technology of Polytechnic of Leiria in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master's Degree in Sustainable Tourism Management Dissertation conducted under the supervision of Professor João Paulo da Conceição Silva Jorge [2019] 1 Abstract This thesis concerns a holistic assessment of sustainable cultural heritage routes and how and whether it could have a financial, social, environmental and cultural impact on the local development financially, socially, environmentally and culturally. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction, acting as a general reference to the issue under study and examines the aim of the dissertation. The second chapter analyzes the sustainability in the tourism field. Apart from the new challenges in sustainable tourism development and the definitions of the issues, the international and European policies have been also discussed. The third chapter refers to cultural tourism definition, the combination of cultural tourism and local development, as for the implementation of cultural tourism into route tourism. In the fourth chapter, the methodologies of the dissertation have been analyzed. The first one is the Cultural Route Evaluation Model (CREM) and the second one is the methodology for assessing the cultural tourism potential of cultural heritage sites. The fifth chapter is a general commentary of the case study, Archanes village. Demographics, economy, employment and transport are the elements that have been discussed. In the sixth chapter, the results of the three proposed sustainable cultural routes in Archanes village have been analyzed. The first one is the “Minos pathway”, the second one is “From the Byzantine Era to the sovereignty of Venetians in Archanes” and the third one is “The route of German General Kreipe’s Abduction”. Finally, chapter 7 analyzes the findings of our study during this thesis and the future research. 2 Table of Contents Title ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Sustainability as the answer to the tourism development (?) ....................................................... 10 2.1. New challenges to tourism development ............................................................... 10 2.2. The meaning of the term Sustainability .................................................................. 11 2.3. Sustainable Tourism Development ......................................................................... 13 2.4. International and European Policies ....................................................................... 19 3. Cultural Tourism ............................................................................................................................ 23 3.1. The definition of culture .......................................................................................... 23 3.2. The concept of cultural heritage ............................................................................. 23 3.3. Defining “Cultural Tourism” .................................................................................... 25 3.4. Cultural tourism and Local Development ................................................................ 27 3.5. Route Tourism and Cultural Routes ........................................................................ 28 4. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 33 4.1. Cultural Route Evaluation Model Methodology ...................................................... 37 4.2. Methodology for assessing the cultural tourism potential of cultural heritage sites 50 5. The case study: Archanes Village ................................................................................................... 54 5.1. Archanes Village ...................................................................................................... 54 5.2. Demographics .......................................................................................................... 57 5.3. Employment - Economy .......................................................................................... 59 5.4. Transport ................................................................................................................. 61 5.5. Social and Technical Amenities ............................................................................... 62 6. Proposed Cultural Routes for Archanes Village ............................................................................. 63 6.1. Cultural Route: Minos’ pathway .............................................................................. 63 6.1.1. Assessing the experiential value of heritage assets: “Minos’ pathway”. ........ 73 6.1.2. Results of the Cultural Route Evaluation Model (CREM) and its application to “Minos’ pathway” ............................................................................................................ 81 3 6.2. From the Byzantine Era to the sovereignty of Venetians in Archanes .................... 92 6.2.1. Assessing the experiential value of heritage assets: “From the Byzantine Era to the sovereignty of Venetians in Archanes”. .............................................................. 103 6.2.2. Results of the Cultural Route Evaluation Model (CREM) and its application to “From the Byzantine Era to the sovereignty of Venetians in Archanes”. ..................... 112 6.3. Cultural Route: The route of German General Kreipe’s Abduction ...................... 125 6.3.1. Assessing the experiential value of heritage assets: “The route of German General Kreipe’s Abduction”. ........................................................................................ 130 6.3.2. Results of the Cultural Route Evaluation Model (CREM) and its application to “The route of German General Kreipe’s Abduction”. ................................................... 136 7. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 149 7.1. Future Research ..................................................................................................... 151 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 152 Table 1. Types of Cultural Tourism. ......................................................................................... 27 Table 2. Scientific Values of the cultural route. ...................................................................... 38 Table 3. Route Specific Values of the cultural route. .............................................................. 39 Table 4. Economic Significance of the cultural route. ............................................................. 41 Table 5. Protection and conservation values. ......................................................................... 42 Table 6. Functional Values of the Cultural Route. ................................................................... 44 Table 7. Additional Values of the tourist product. .................................................................. 46 Table 8. Assessment Indicators of the cultural tourism (McKercher & Ho, 2006). ................. 51 Table 9. Census of the Population of Archanes in 2011 – Municipality of Archanes - Asterousia (ELSTAT, 2011). ...................................................................................................... 58 Table 10. Employment Activity in the field of Employment of Municipality Archanes- Asterousia in Archanes (ELSTAT, 2011). .................................................................................. 59 Table 11. Experiential Value of assets included in the audit, for the sustainable cultural route "Minos’ pathway". ................................................................................................................... 76 Table 12. Scientific Values of the sustainable cultural route: "Minos’ pathway". .................. 82 Table 13. The Route- Specific Subindicators of the sustainable cultural route: "Minos’ pathway". ................................................................................................................................ 83 Table 14. Economic Significance of the sustainable cultural route: "Minos’ pathway". ......... 84 4 Table 15. Protection and Conservation Values of the sustainable cultural route: "Minos’ pathway". ................................................................................................................................ 85 Table 16. Functional Values of the sustainable cultural route: "Minos’ pathway". ...............
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