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Development and Efficacy Assessment of Equine Source Hyper-Immune Plasma Against Bacillus Anthracis
Development and Efficacy Assessment of Equine Source Hyper-Immune Plasma against Bacillus anthracis by James Marcus Caldwell A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 1, 2015 Keywords: horse, hyper immune plasma, Bacillus anthracis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, toxin neutralization assay, experimental mouse B. anthracis challenge Copyright 2015 by James Marcus Caldwell Approved by Kenny Brock, Chair, Associate Dean of Biomedical Affairs Paul Walz, Professor of Pathobiology Sue Duran, Professor of Clinical Sciences Abstract The objective of the studies described here was to develop an equine source immune plasma against Bacillus anthracis and test its efficacy in two in vitro applications; as well as determine its capacity for passive protection in an infection model in mice. Initially, a safe and reliable immunization protocol for producing equine source hyper-immune plasma against B. anthracis was developed. Six Percheron horses were hyper-immunized with either the B. anthracis Sterne strain vaccine, recombinant protective antigen (rPA) homogenized with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, or a combination of both vaccines. Multiple routes of immunization, dose (antigen mass) and immunizing antigens were explored for safety. A modified automated plasmapheresis process was then employed for the collection of plasma at a maximum target dose of up to 22 ml of plasma/kg of donor bodyweight to establish the proof-of- concept that large volumes of plasma could be safely collected from horses for large scale production of immune plasma. All three immunization protocols were found to be safe and repeatable in horses and three pheresis events were performed with the total collection of 168.36 L of plasma and a mean collection volume of 18.71 L (± 0.302 L) for each event. -
Biodiversity and Ecological Potential of Plum Island, New York
Biodiversity and ecological potential of Plum Island, New York New York Natural Heritage Program i New York Natural Heritage Program The New York Natural Heritage Program The NY Natural Heritage Program is a partnership NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable between the NYS Department of Environmental online resources: Conservation Guides include the Conservation (NYS DEC) and The Nature Conservancy. biology, identification, habitat, and management of many Our mission is to facilitate conservation of rare animals, of New York’s rare species and natural community rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We accomplish this types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and mission by combining thorough field inventories, scientific communities in a specified area of interest. analyses, expert interpretation, and the most comprehensive NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an database on New York's distinctive biodiversity to deliver online tool for invasive species reporting and data the highest quality information for natural resource management. planning, protection, and management. In 1990, NY Natural Heritage published Ecological NY Natural Heritage was established in 1985 and is a Communities of New York State, an all inclusive contract unit housed within NYS DEC’s Division of classification of natural and human-influenced Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources. The program is communities. From 40,000-acre beech-maple mesic staffed by more than 25 scientists and specialists with forests to 40-acre maritime beech forests, sea-level salt expertise in ecology, zoology, botany, information marshes to alpine meadows, our classification quickly management, and geographic information systems. became the primary source for natural community NY Natural Heritage maintains New York’s most classification in New York and a fundamental reference comprehensive database on the status and location of for natural community classifications in the northeastern rare species and natural communities. -
Mystery Island’ Bio-Warfare Tick Research
from Leslie Feinberg August 2011 transgenderwarrior.org my research notes on the medical politics driving the “Lyme Wars” Part 31: History of ‘Mystery Island’ bio-warfare tick research Plum Island Animal Disease Center, according to Wikipedia, “is located on Plum Island, off the northeast coast of Long Island in New York state. During the Spanish-American War, the island was purchased by the government for the construction of Fort Terry, which was later deactivated after World War II and then reactivated in 1952 for the Army Chemical Corps. “Building 257 located at Fort Terry was completed around 1911. Fort Terry went through a period of activations and deactivations through World War II until the U.S. Army Chemical Corps took over the facility in 1952 for use in anti-animal biological warfare (BW) research. The conversion of Fort Terry to a BW facility required the remodeling of Building 257 and other structures.” Wikipedia states: “During the Cold War a secret biological weapons program targeting livestock was conducted at the site.” “The original public ‘mission statement’ of Plum Island was,” as this wikipedia entry states with citations: "to establish and pursue a program of research and development of certain anti-animal (BW) agents. By August 1954 animals occupied holding areas at Plum Island and research was ongoing within Building 257.” Wikipedia concluded: “The bio-weapons research at Building 257 and Fort Terry was shrouded in aura of mystery and secrecy. The existence of biological warfare experiments on Plum Island was denied for several decades by the U.S. government. In 1993 Newsday unearthed documents proving otherwise.” Michael Christopher Carroll spent seven years researching that specific building, and he published his work in a book by the same name, “Lab 257." (Hardcover, William Morrow: 2004; paperback, Harper: 2005.) Carroll was a senior vice president and general counsel at the Medallion Financial Corporation in Manhattan. -
Historic Context for Department of Defense Facilities World War Ii Permanent Construction
DEPARTMeNT OF DEFENSE FACILITIES- WORLD WAR II PERMANENT CONSTRUhttp://aee-www.apgea.army.mil:8080/prod/usaee!eqlconserv/ww2pel.htm ~ - Delivery Order 21 Contract No. DACW31-89-D-0059 US Army Corps of Engineers-Baltimore District HISTORIC CONTEXT FOR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FACILITIES WORLD WAR II PERMANENT CONSTRUCTION May 1997 R. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, Inc. 241 E. Fourth Street Suite 100 Frederick, Maryland 21701 FINAL REPORT June 1997 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Historic Context for Department of Defense (DoD) World War H Permanent Construction combines two previous reports: Historic Context for Department of Defense Facilities World War H Permanent Construction (Hirrel et al., draft June 1994) and Methodology for World War H Permanent Construction (Whelan, draft August 1996). This project was designed to meet the following objectives: • To analyze and synthesize historical data on the military's permanent construction program during World War H. • To assist DoD cultural resource managers and other DoD personnel with fulfilling their responsibilities under the National Historic Preservation Act (NHP A) of 1966, as amended. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to identity, evaluate, and nominate to the National Register of Historic Places historic properties under their jurisdiction. Section 110 Guidelines, developed by the National Park Service, U.S. Department ofthe Interior, direct federal agencies to establish historic contexts to identifY and evaluate historic properties (53FR 4727-46). • To develop a consistent historic context framework that provides comparative data and background information in a cost-effective manner, which will allow DoD personnel to assess the relative significance of World War II military construction. -
CHEMICAL CORPS BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES , UNCLASSIFIED I ' Copr3 \% / O Scc^Ies 1 Ju Ly 1933
Ke^ *3 lo " ity Information (J?I CLASSIFIED SEVENTH A N N U A L J& PORT UNCLASS,F,ED CHEMICAL CORPS BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES , UNCLASSIFIED i ' Copr3 \% / O SCc^ies 1 Ju ly 1933 Information jjffl4b-eo7 2^ T d £ 4 4 (SV Security Information REPORT SERIES NO. 7 1 July 1953 .iiS a - SEVENTH ANNUM. REPCRT o f the CHEMICAL CORPS BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES (F is c a l Year 1953) This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the mMn-ing of the Espionage Act, 50 U.S.C., 31 and 32 as amended. Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an unauthQrized person is prohibited by law. This document, or any portion thereof, may not be reproduced without' specific authorization of the Director, Cml C Biological Laboratories. document contains ./ printed pages* CHEMICAL CORPS BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES Camp Detrick, Frederick, Maryland p Security Information CONTENTS H . TECHNICAL STATUS................................................ 2 A. Antipersonnel Agents 1. Bacillus anthracis ................................. 4 2. Bacterium tu 1 a r e n a e ...................... 7 3. Pasteurella pestis ................................. K> 4. Brucella s u is ............................................ 12 5. Brucella melitensis ..................................14 6. C cod.el] a bu rn etii......................... 16 7. Virus of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis...................... 19 8. Psittacosis v ir u s ..................................... 21 9• Botulinum tc o d L n .................................... 24 10. Shellfish poisons ................. 27 U . Screening o f Agents and • Combinations of Agents ....... 29 B. Antianimal Agents 1. G e n e ra l.................................................... 32 2. Offensive . ................................................ 32 3. D e f e n s i v e ................................ -
Prem Ratan Dhan Payo Songs Download Doregama
Prem ratan dhan payo songs download doregama LINK TO DOWNLOAD 02 – Prem Ratan Dhan Payo Palak Muchhal: Download: Download: 03 – Jalte Diye Harshdeep Kaur, Shabab Sabri, Vineet Singh & Anweshana: Download: Download: 04 – Aaj Unse Milna Hai Shaan: Download: Download: 05 – Jab Tum Chaho Mohammed Irfan, Palak Muchhal & Darshan Raval: Download: Download: 06 – Halo Re Aman Trikha: Download: Download. Oct 14, · Presenting the title track of Prem Ratan Dhan Payo sung by Palak Muchhal starring Salman Khan & Sonam Kapoor in the lead roles. Directed by Sooraj Barjatya a. Presenting PREM LEELA full video song from PREM RATAN DHAN PAYO Bollywood movie starring Salman Khan, Sonam Kapoor, Anupam Kher, directed by Sooraj Barjatya. Prem Leela Song: Download Prem Leela mp3 song from Prem Ratan Dhan Payo. Listen Prem Leela mp3 songs free online by Aaman Trikha,Vineet Singh. Download Prem Leela on Hungama Music app & get access to Prem Ratan Dhan Payo unlimited free songs, free movies, latest music videos, online radio, new TV shows and much more at Hungama. Listen to free mp3 songs, music and earn . Presenting Murli Ki Taanon Si Video Song in the voice of Shaan from the bollywood movie Prem Ratan Dhan Payo starring Salman Khan and Sonam Kapoor in lead ro. Listen and download mp3 songs prem ratan dhan payo mp3 song dawnloading, shown by the best singers, in the category of high quality Latest Songs, Download mp3 on this site the fastest way. Listen to good music, download high speed mp3s for free. Presenting "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" Full Song with LYRICS from bollywood movie Prem Ratan Dhan Payo starring Salman Khan and Sonam Kapoor in lead roles exclusi. -
CDC) for 2006 - 2007
Description of document: FOIA CASE LOGS for: Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for 2006 - 2007 Requested date: 14-July-2007 Released date: 21-February-2008 Posted date: 18-March-2008 Title of Document Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Freedom of Information Act Office (1019), 10/1/2005 to 9/30/2006 Log 07 Received between 10/01/2006 and 09/30/2007 Date/date range of document: 03-October-2005 – 25-September-2007 Source of document: CDC/ATSDR Attn: FOIA Office, MS-D54 1600 Clifton Road, N.E. Atlanta, GA 30333 Fax: 404-639-7395 Email: [email protected] The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention February 21, 2008 This letter is in response to your Freedom ofInformation Act (FOIA) request of July 14,2007, pertaining to an electronic copy ofthe FOIA Case Logs for CDC for FY 2006 and FY 2007 to date. -
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PLUM ISLAND LABORATORIES USAHA Protecting Animal and Public Health Since 1897
1 SPECIAL EDITION: THE NATION’S PLUM ISLAND LABORATORIES USAHA Protecting Animal and Public Health Since 1897 United States Animal Health Association Newsletter - Vol. 30, No. 4, October, 2003 Plum Island Lab Program Critical to U.S. Diagnostic & research programs are first line of defense against catastrophic foreign animal disease by Dick McCapes • Editor, Special Edition Modernizing America’s Animal Health • Past Chair, Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Foreign Animal & Poultry Diseases, USDA The core of the federal govern- & Food Safety Security System ment’s scientists, support staff and USAHA/AAVMC laboratories dedicated exclusively to INSIDE research and diagnosis of foreign an- partnership will provide imal diseases (FADs) that threaten Articles our mammalian livestock and equine national forum for • President’s Corner .............................................2 • U.S.veterinarian’s first-hand experience with foot- populations with catastrophic illness urgently needed change and-mouth disease in UK ...................................2 • Plum Island’s Homeland Security Mission ........3 by Bennie Osburn, DVM, PhD1 • Homeland Security’s Biodefense Mission .........3 • National Animal Health Lab Network ................4 Dedicated scientists & staff, • President-elect, Association of American • 1669-2003: History of Plum Island (PI) prolonged underfunding & Veterinary Medical Colleges • ARS exotic viral diseases research at PI ..........6 • Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine, • ARS foot & mouth disease research at PI .........6 laboratory obsolescence University of California, Davis • APHIS diagnostics at PI ....................................7 • Laboratory biosafety levels ................................7 is located at the Plum Island Animal Many recognize that a new ap- • Visuals of Plum Island ...................................8, 9 proach for addressing animal-related • Nature Science Update cites PI research ......10 Disease Center (PIADC) on Plum Is- infectious disease • How FMD virus gets into cells .........................12 land, New York. -
Gaps in Plum Island Contamination Cleanup Plans, New Report Finds Save the Sound Urges Homeland Security to Work with New York to Meet Environmental Standards
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE November 30, 2017 Contact: Laura McMillan - 540-292-8429 (c) Louise Harrison – 631-428-1315 (c) Gaps in Plum Island Contamination Cleanup Plans, New Report Finds Save the Sound urges Homeland Security to work with New York to meet environmental standards New Haven, Conn. – A report commissioned by Save the Sound has identified gaps in the federal government’s draft plan for the cleanup of past contamination on Plum Island, NY. The island is currently home to our nation’s foreign animal disease research center and is the site of Fort Terry, in use from the Spanish-American War through World War II. Peter Dermody, C.P.G., principal hydrogeologist at Dermody Consulting, analyzed a number of environmental studies performed on the federally-owned island from 1999 to 2016. He found unanswered questions about groundwater testing, soil vapor testing, landfills, an oil spill, and a decommissioned building. The Department of Homeland Security, which currently manages the island, has not, thus far, developed a work plan that meets New York’s cleanup standards. “We know that there are dozens of areas throughout the island where waste materials were landfilled and partial investigations were performed,” Dermody said. “However, the investigations were not in compliance with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation landfill regulations or the New York State Department of Health soil vapor intrusion guidance. For years, Homeland Security personnel have folded their arms and delayed performing the investigations required by New York State regulations and guidelines.” Despite significant data gaps in the Environmental Impact Statement—a document that the federal government was obligated to develop as part of the effort to sell the island—in 2013 the Department of Homeland Security and the General Services Administration issued a formal decision to sell Plum Island. -
Name Artist Composer Album Grouping Genre Size Time Disc Number Disc Count Track Number Track Count Year Date Mod Ified Date
Name Artist Composer Album Grouping Genre Size Time Disc Number Disc Count Track Number Track Count Year Date Mod ified Date Added Bit Rate Sample Rate Volume Adjustment Kind Equalizer Comments Plays Last Played Skips Last Ski pped My Rating Location Aa Re Aa Re - DJMaza.Com Mika Singh & Shreya Ghoshal Music: Lalit Pan dit | DJMaza.Com Besharam (2013) Bollywood Music 6539001 266 1 1 6 2013 9/15/2013 5:10 PM 9/16/2013 7:59 A M 192 44100 MPEG audio file DJMaza.Info | DJMaza.com E:\Music\rajat songs\06 - Besharam - Aa Re Aa Re [DJMaza].mp3 As Long As You Love Me BackStreets Back BackStreets Back pop 5377910 222 1998 11/22/2012 4:14 PM 8/10/2013 1:37 PM 192 44100 MPEG audio file 3 9/6/2013 12:15 AM 4 9/13/2013 7:36 PM E:\Music \BEST ENGLISH COLLECTION\As Long As You Love Me.mp3 As Long As You Love Me (feat. Big Sean) Justin Bieber Justin Bieber, Rodney Je rkins, Andre Lindal, Nasri Atweh & Sean Anderson Believe (Deluxe) Pop 7568778 229 1 1 3 18 2012 5/12/2013 3:07 A M 8/10/2013 1:51 PM 256 44100 MPEG audio file 1 9/2/2013 9:31 PM 1 8/10/2013 2:09 PM E:\new e nglish\Justin Beiber\Justin Bieber - As Long You Love Me (feat Big Sean).mp3 Babaji Ki Booti - www.Songs.PK Sachin Sanghvi, Jigar Saraiya Music: Sachin-Ji gar Go Goa Gone www.Songs.PK Bollywood Music 4385035 226 3 2013 4/22/2013 3:02 AM 8/10/2013 1:02 PM 154 44100 MPEG audio file www.Songs.PK 2 9/6/2013 12:08 A M 2 8/28/2013 7:27 PM E:\Music\Go-Goa-Gone-2013-128Kbp s(Songs.PK)\[Songs.PK] Go Goa Gone - 03 - Babaji Ki Booti.mp3 Baby Justin Bieber 4447538 216 2010 5/12/2013 3:08 AM 8/10/2013 1:36 PM 160 44100 MPEG audio file 3 9/8/2013 5:01 PM E:\Music\BEST ENGLISH COLLECTION\Justin Bieber - Baby (ft. -
Agroterrorismfuture Warfare Series: National No
AgroterrorismFuture Warfare Series: National No. 10203040 DefendingAvoidingTheThe “WorriedDefenseAnthrax thePanic American Assessment,Vaccine Well”and Keeping Response Debate: Homeland the A MedicalPortsStrategies, Opento Review CBRN1993-2003 inand a Events:forChemical Capabilities Commanders and BiologicalAnalysis Threat and Solu�onsEnvironment A Literature Review Edited by: TanjaLieutenantRandallMajor M. Korpi Mr.J.Richard ColonelLarsen Albertand A.Christopherand Fred MauroniHersack, Patrick P. Stone, USAF D.Hemmer EllisUSAF Dr. Robert A. Norton United States Air Force Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies 30204010 Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Agroterrorism: National Defense Assessment, Strategies, and Capabilities Edited by Mr. Albert Mauroni Dr. Robert A. Norton August 2020 U.S. Air Force Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies Air University Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112 Table of Contents Chapter Page Disclaimer.……………………………….…….…….…….….……….…………iii Preface…………………………………….……………….….……….…………iv About the Authors……………………………….………….….…………………vi Chapter 1. Introduction Albert Mauroni.………………….……………….…………….…………………1 Chapter 2. Agroterrorism Perspectives Reid Kirby and Dr. Seth Carus ……………………………….……….….………5 Chapter 3. The Mindset of a Terrorist Dr. Terry Oroszi and Dr. David Ellis ……………………….…….….….………29 Chapter 4. Response to Agroterrorism by Foreign Animal Disease Major Kelley J. Williams and Steven A. Schmitt …………….…………………43 Chapter 5. U.S. Federal Policies and Programs to Combat Agroterrorism Henry Parker and Janet Marroquin ……………….…….……….………………57 Chapter 6. Organoleptic Assessments as a Tool for Food Defense Chemical Threat Prioritization Dr. Nathaniel C. Rice and Dr. Todd M. Myers ……………...……….…………97 Chapter 7. Air Force Capabilities and Technologies to Counter or Mitigate Agroterrorism William Greer and Dr. Douglas Lewis …….………………………….….……129 Chapter 8. Agroterrorism Policy Col. (Dr.) Oliver J. Wisco and Paul Imbriano ………..………………….….…153 Chapter 9. Agroterrorism by Other Means: The Interconnectivity of Critical Infrastructures Dr.