DOCSLIB.ORG

MY BELOVED PROPHET (Sall-Allâhu ’Alaihi Wa Sallam)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MY BELOVED PROPHET (Sall-Allâhu ’Alaihi Wa Sallam) MY BELOVED PROPHET (sall-Allâhu ’alaihi wa sallam) Prof. Dr. Ramazan AYVALLI Marmara University, Faculty of Theology Catalcesme Sk. No: 17 Cagaloglu-Istanbul / TURKEY Tel: (+90 212) 512 95 11 Fax: (+90 212) 513 68 57 www.mybelovedprophet.com www.mojumilowanyprorok.com Print: Ihlas Gazetecilik A.S. Phone: (+90 212) 454 35 06 [email protected] www.mybelovedprophet.com 2014 INDEX Torment, torture and cruelty ................................................................................. 60 Tortures done to the Ashâb al-Kirâm .................................................................... 66 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5 The torture until falling unconscious… ................................................................ 69 THE BLESSED NÛR (LIGHT) OF OUR PROPHET .......................................... 7 Dâr-ul-Arkâm ....................................................................................................... 70 The creation of his blessed light ............................................................................. 8 First martyr ........................................................................................................... 71 Transfer of his nûr (light) through pure foreheads ................................................. 9 Abû Zarr-il-Ghifâri’s conversion to Islam ............................................................ 72 Hadrat Abdulmuttalib, his grandfather ................................................................. 12 Clearly reading the Qur’ân al-Karîm at the Kâ’ba ............................................... 74 Not wanting to complete the vow to sacrifice Abdullah ....................................... 14 Tufayl bin Amr’s conversion to Islam .................................................................. 75 His Father, Hadrat Abdullah ................................................................................. 15 Invitation at festivals ............................................................................................ 76 Transfer of his blessed light to his mother............................................................ 16 Polytheists’ listening to the Qur’ân al-Karîm ....................................................... 78 The incident of elephant ....................................................................................... 17 Belief of Khâlid bin Sa’îd ..................................................................................... 82 Glad Tidings ......................................................................................................... 18 Mus’ab bin Umayr’s conversion to Islam ............................................................ 83 The era of nescience ............................................................................................. 19 HEGIRA TO ABYSSINIA ...................................................................................... 84 HIS HONORING THE WORLD (HIS BIRTH) .................................................. 21 Hadrat Hamza’s conversion to Islam .................................................................... 85 What was seen on the night he was born .............................................................. 26 Hadrat ’Umar’s conversion to Islam .................................................................... 87 Mawlîd Night ........................................................................................................ 27 Second hegira to Abyssinia .................................................................................. 91 His being delivered to a wet nurse ....................................................................... 28 Years of sorrow…. Siege ...................................................................................... 97 Cleaving open his blessed chest ........................................................................... 30 Dividing of the moon into two ........................................................................... 101 Death of his esteemed mother .............................................................................. 32 May Allah give guidance to you too! ................................................................. 102 Beside his grandfather .......................................................................................... 32 Year of Sorrow .................................................................................................... 103 Priest of Najrân ..................................................................................................... 33 Demise of our mother Hadrat Khadîja ............................................................... 105 His grandfather’s death ......................................................................................... 34 His hand stuck to his neck .................................................................................. 106 Under protection of Abû Tâlib .............................................................................. 35 His call of the people of Tâif to belief ................................................................ 107 Priest Bahîra ........................................................................................................ 35 Be saved, by saying “Lâ ilâha illa’llâh” ............................................................. 109 HIS YOUTH AND MARRIAGE ........................................................................... 38 MÎ’RÂJ (ASCENSION) ....................................................................................... 112 His trade ................................................................................................................ 39 THE HEGIRA ....................................................................................................... 128 His marriage to Hadrat Khadîja ............................................................................ 42 The second allegiance of Aqaba ......................................................................... 131 Zayd bin Hâritha ................................................................................................... 43 The Hegira .......................................................................................................... 134 The Kâ’ba arbitration ........................................................................................... 46 Surâqa bin Mâlik ................................................................................................ 139 HIS PROPHETHOOD AND HIS CALL .............................................................. 48 Glad Tidings! Glad Tidings! The Master of the world is coming! ..................... 141 First Wahy ............................................................................................................. 49 THE MEDINA-I MUNAWWARA PERIOD ...................................................... 145 Order to Communicate ......................................................................................... 50 The brotherhood of Ansâr and Muhâjirs ............................................................ 146 First Muslims ........................................................................................................ 52 The Masjid-i Nabî ............................................................................................... 148 Inviting Close Relatives ....................................................................................... 55 Date palm trunk’s moaning ................................................................................ 149 Even if they give the sun to my right hand! ......................................................... 58 His marriage to Hadrat Âisha ............................................................................. 150 2 3 Adhân-i Muhammadî .......................................................................................... 151 THE CONQUEST OF KHAYBAR ..................................................................... 282 The educating of the Companions ...................................................................... 152 The heroism of Hadrat Ali .................................................................................. 290 The Suffa Companions ....................................................................................... 153 THE EXPEDITION TO UMRAT-UL-KAZÂ .................................................... 295 Jibrîl hadîth ......................................................................................................... 155 THE HOLY WAR OF MÛTA .............................................................................. 300 Salmân-i Fârisî’s becoming Muslim ................................................................... 158 THE CONQUEST OF MECCA .......................................................................... 312 The Angels would come to listen ....................................................................... 162 Whoever takes refuge in Masjîd-i Haram… ...................................................... 313 Other incidents occurred in the first year of the Hegira ..................................... 164 The truth has arrived; superstition has perished ................................................. 318 The first written treaty ........................................................................................ 165 THE HOLY WAR OF HUNAYN ........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Balkan Turkisms" and Their Lexical and Grammatical Features
    Palaver Palaver 3 n.s. (2014), n. 2, 175-196 e-ISSN 2280-4250 DOI 10.1285/i22804250v3i2p175 http://siba-ese.unisalento.it, © 2014 Università del Salento Lindita Xhanari (Latifi), Kledi Satka (Shegani) University of Tirana "Balkan Turkisms" and their lexical and grammatical features Abstract Turkish language has been one of the most important sources of enrichment of the vocabulary of the Balkans’ languages, during 5 centuries of Ottoman congestion. All Balkan languages have given and taken from each other. The impacts on these languages have been merely of local character and were limited to border dialects. In contrast to these effects, Turkish borrowings are spread so uniformly in the Balkan languages, that a significant number of them can be defined as"Balkan Turkisms". In this work, we aim to bring to readers attention a clear overview focusing on: Common fund of Balkan Turkisms and its lexical and grammatical characteristic. Examples of the use of Turkish words in texts of different Balkan languages (Albanian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Macedonian, Bosnian, Greek, Romanian) can be traced to the early fifteenth century. The process of borrowing from Turkish culminated in the nineteenth century. For the Balkans, Turkish was the language of communication within the Ottoman Empire. Most of Turkish lexeme has not only been adapted to Balkan languages, but has also become a natural component of the general and regional language. The borrowed words were not only accepted by the spoken languages of the Balkans, but they 175 Lindita Xhanari (Latifi), Kledi Satka (Shegani) also joined the literature, the language of religious teaching, that of administrative documents and other written texts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chronology of the Era of the Prophet Muhammad Casim Avcı
    The Chronology of the Era of The Prophet Muhammad Casim Avcı, PhD The Meccan Period 569 The Prophet Muhammad is born (12 Rabi’ al-Awwal 53 AH /17 June 569, a Monday, or 9 Rabi’ al-Awwal 51 AH/20 April 571, a Monday) The Prophet is given to the wet nurse Halima. 574 Halima brings Prophet Muhammad to his mother in Mecca. 575 After the death of the Prophet’s mother, Amina, in Ebwa, the Prophet is brought to Mecca by his nurse Umm Ayman and given to the Prophet’s grandfather, Abdul Muttalib. 577 The Prophet’s grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, dies. The Prophet is given to his uncle, Abu Talib. 578 The Prophet’s journey to Syria with his uncle, Abu Talib. The episode of Bahira, the monk, occurs. 589 Participation in the battle of Fijar. Participation in Hilf al-Fudul, a league for the relief of the distressed. 594 Prophet Muhammad is made responsible for the trade caravan belonging to the widow Khadijah and he leads her caravan to the city of Busra. The Prophet marries Khadijah. 605 The Prophet arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish tribe about where to place the Black Stone in the Kaaba during repairs. 610 The first revelation in the cave of Mount. Hira, the revelation of the first five verses of Surat al-Alaq (27 Ramadan). 613 After the declaration at Mount. Sara, the Prophet invites people to Islam, starting with his closest relatives. 614 The weak Muslims are persecuted by the Quraish. 615 The first emigration to Abyssinia. 616 The second emigration to Abyssinia.
    [Show full text]
  • Miracles of Ahlulbayt-As Volume 4
    Miracles of Ahlulbayt (a.s.) – (Vol. 4) By: Ayatullah Sayyid Hashim Bahrani (r) English Translation: Sayyid Athar Husain S.H. Rizvi Publisher: As-Serat Publications Hazrat Abbas Street, Palagali, Dongri, Mumbai - 9. Tel: 022 56048461, 23452171 Email: [email protected] 2 Book Specifications: Title: Miracles of Ahlulbayt (a.s.) – Vol. 4. Author: Ayatullah Sayyid Hashim Bahrani Edition: First Copies: 1000 Year of publication: 2021 Publisher: As-Serat Publications Published by: As-Serat Publications Hazrat Abbas Street, Palagali, Dongri, Mumbai - 9. Tel: 022 56048461, 23452171 Email: [email protected] 3 Table of Contents City of Miracles .................................................................... 12 Incomparable debate of the Imam Ali Reza (a) with leaders of different faiths .................................................................. 15 Debate with the Catholic Archbishop.................................. 18 Debate with the Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians .............. 23 Referring to the Rabbi ........................................................ 26 Debate with the Zoroastrian High Priest ............................. 31 Qualities of the Imam in the words of the Imam (a) ............ 32 Chapter 9: Miracles of Imam Taqi Jawad (a) ..................... 41 Miraculous birth ................................................................. 41 Glad tidings of the birth of Imam Muhammad Taqi (a) ....... 42 Discussions with the Waqifites ........................................... 43 Imamate of Ali Ibne Imam Ja’far
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Filmmakers of the Middle East
    Armes roy Armes is Professor Emeritus of Film “Constitutes a ‘counter-reading’ of Film and MEdia • MIddle EasT at Middlesex University. He has published received views and assumptions widely on world cinema. He is author of Arab Filmmakers Arab Filmmakers Dictionary of African Filmmakers (IUP, 2008). The fragmented history of Arab about the absence of Arab cinema Arab Filmmakers in the Middle East.” —michael T. martin, Middle Eastern cinema—with its Black Film Center/Archive, of the Indiana University powerful documentary component— reflects all too clearly the fragmented Middle East history of the Arab peoples and is in- “Esential for libraries and useful for individual readers who will deed comprehensible only when this find essays on subjects rarely treat- history is taken into account. While ed in English.” —Kevin Dwyer, neighboring countries, such as Tur- A D i c t i o n A r y American University in Cairo key, Israel, and Iran, have coherent the of national film histories which have In this landmark dictionary, Roy Armes details the scope and diversity of filmmak- been comprehensively documented, ing across the Arab Middle East. Listing Middle East Middle more than 550 feature films by more than the Arab Middle East has been given 250 filmmakers, and short and documentary comparatively little attention. films by another 900 filmmakers, this vol- ume covers the film production in Iraq, Jor- —from the introduction dan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and the Gulf States. An introduction by Armes locates film and filmmaking traditions in the region from early efforts in the silent era to state- funded productions by isolated filmmakers and politically engaged documentarians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biography of the Prophet This Book Is Not Copyrighted
    ﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ The Prophet's Biography May Allah exalt his Mention 1 Copyright © This book has been adapted from The Biography of the Prophet This book is not copyrighted. Any or all parts of this book may be used for educational pur- poses as long as the information used is not in any way quoted out of context or used for profit. This material has been reviewed and forwarded for publishing and distribution by the Eng- lish language section of the Department of Islamic Resources. Form #: 4606 Date: 14/01/1427 If you have any corrections, comments, or questions about this publication, please feel free to contact us at: [email protected] www.islamhouse.com 2 Pre-Prophethood Religious Conditions Great religions of the world had spread the light of faith, morality and learning in the ages past. However, by the sixth century AD, so completely were their scriptures and teachings distorted that had the founder or the Prophet of any one of them returned to Earth, he would unquestionably have refused his own religion and denounced its followers as apos- tates and idolaters. Judaism had, by then, been reduced to an amalgam of dead rituals and sacraments with- out any spark of life left in it. Also, being a religion upholding a strong racial identity, it never had a message for other nations or for the good of the humanity at large. Through mysticism and magic many polytheistic ideas and customs again found their way among the people, and the Talmud confirms the fact that idolatrous worship is seductive.
    [Show full text]
  • Know Your Nabi ﷺ Quiz Competition
    ﷺ KNOW YOUR NABI QUIZ COMPETITION 1440/2018 3RD ANNUAL EVENT CATEGORY B : 10-18 YEARS BOYS & GIRLS MEMORISE A SUMMARY OF THE LIFE OF OUR ﷺ BELOVED PROPHET MUHAMMAD BROADFIELD MASJID, CRAWLEY, BROADWOOD RISE, RH119SE WHAT TO LEARN ? Memorise as many pages as you can in order. You will have to say the ages with the event that took place at that time. The additional 100 questions should be learnt too in case you reach the final. HOW WILL I BE TESTED? Read out in order from the beginning until the end. The less mistakes you get the more marks you will be given WHEN WILL I BE TESTED? You will be tested on Saturday 29TH DECEMBER 2018 from after Zohr Salah (1pm). WHEN IS THE FINAL? The final will be after everyone has been tested and the TOP 6 , 3 boys and 3 girls will then be called in front to be judged. WHAT DO I LEARN FOR THE FINAL? If you reach the final, you will be asked questions on what you have memorised as well as the 100 questions and answers given on page 10 of the booklet. WHAT ARE THE PRIZES? 1st position - £150 2nd position - £100 3rd Position - £50 PARENTS PLEASE ENCOURAGE YOUR CHILD AND BE PRESENT WITH THEM ON THE DAY. TO ENROL, TEXT THE NAME AND AGE OF YOUR CHILD BY TUESDAY 25TH DECEMBER 2018 TO: MOLANA ZAIN – 07413353704 was born on Monday 12th Rabi-Ul Awwal (22nd April 571 ﷺ Muhammad • C.E) was ﷺ His Father, Abdullah passed away 2 months before Muhammad • born.
    [Show full text]
  • SIS Islamic Studies Syllabus
    Saturday Islamic School Summary Syllabus for Islamic Studies Core books 1. Islam Beliefs and Teaching, Ghulam Sarwar, The Muslim Educational Trust 2. Towards Understanding Islam, Abul Ala Mowdudi 3. The Fundamentals of Tawheed, Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, International Islamic Publishing House 4. Let Us Be Muslims, Khurshid Ahmed, Islamic Foundation Leicester 5. Forty Hadiths, An-Nawawi 6. A Muslim Boy’s Guide to Life’s Big Changes, Sami Khan, Ta-Ha Publishers 7. A Muslim Girl’s Guide to Life’s Big Changes, Rayhana Khan, Ta-Ha Publishers Copyright ©This syllabus has been developed over time by Saturday Islamic School. No part of its content may be used without written consent from SIS. SIS ~ Education & Fun in the Islamic Way Saturday Islamic School Summary Syllabus for Islamic Studies, Class 1 Wk Key Learning Reference to Resource Notes Share the message from Story of prophet Adam (a:) - the the Qur’an as a story. creation of mankind – people have a Qur’an 2:30-38 1 Introduce ‘shaytan’ who choice to do good or not; otheres IB&T, p141 wants people not to listen do not to Allah. Make a folding-book about the Simple folded book to 2 See note 1 different things created by Allah capture ‘creation of Allah’ The story of prophet Nuh (a:) and Make relevant links to 3 IB&T, p142 the great flood ‘Noah and the Ark’ Make a picture book about living 4 As in wk 2 things/animals created by Allah Story of Prophet Ibrahim (a:) and 5 IB&T, p144 his father Aazar More Islamic Nursery Rhymes and 6 short songs Emphasis how things were Story of Prophet Musa
    [Show full text]
  • The Interface of Religious and Political Conflict in Egyptian Theatre
    The Interface of Religious and Political Conflict in Egyptian Theatre Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Amany Youssef Seleem, Stage Directing Diploma Graduate Program in Theatre The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Lesley Ferris, Advisor Nena Couch Beth Kattelman Copyright by Amany Seleem 2013 Abstract Using religion to achieve political power is a thematic subject used by a number of Egyptian playwrights. This dissertation documents and analyzes eleven plays by five prominent Egyptian playwrights: Tawfiq Al-Hakim (1898- 1987), Ali Ahmed Bakathir (1910- 1969), Samir Sarhan (1938- 2006), Mohamed Abul Ela Al-Salamouni (1941- ), and Mohamed Salmawi (1945- ). Through their plays they call attention to the dangers of blind obedience. The primary methodological approach will be a close literary analysis grounded in historical considerations underscored by a chronology of Egyptian leadership. Thus the interface of religious conflict and politics is linked to the four heads of government under which the playwrights wrote their works: the eras of King Farouk I (1920-1965), President Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970), President Anwar Sadat (1918-1981), and President Hosni Mubarak (1928- ). While this study ends with Mubarak’s regime, it briefly considers the way in which such conflict ended in the recent reunion between religion and politics with the election of Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, as president following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. This research also investigates how these scripts were written— particularly in terms of their adaptation from existing canonical work or historical events and the use of metaphor—and how they were staged.
    [Show full text]
  • The Miracles of Muhammad (Part 2 of 3)
    The Miracles of Muhammad (part 2 of 3) Description: The splitting of the moon, and the Prophet's journey to Jerusalem and ascension to Heaven. By IslamReligion.com Published on 23 Jan 2006 - Last modified on 06 May 2014 Category: Articles >Evidence Islam is Truth > Evidence of Muhammad's Prophethood Category: Articles >The Prophet Muhammad > Evidence of His Prophethood Splitting of the Moon One of the times when God performed miracles at the hand of the Prophet was when the Meccans demanded to see a miracle from Muhammad to show his truthfulness. God split the moon in two separate halves and then re-joined them. The Quran recorded the event: "The Last Hour draws near, and the moon is split asunder!" (Quran 54:1) Prophet Muhammad would recite these verses of the Quran in large congregations of the weekly Friday prayer and the bi-annual Eed prayers.[1] Had the event never occurred, Muslims themselves would have doubted their religion and many would have left it! The Meccans would have said, 'Hey, your prophet is a liar, the moon never split, and we never saw it split!' Instead, the believers grew stronger in their faith and the only explanation the Meccans could come up with was, 'passing magic!' "The Last Hour draws near, and the moon is split asunder! And if they see a sign (miracle), they turn away and say, 'Passing magic!'- for they are bent on giving it the lie, being always wont to follow their own desires." (Quran 54:1-3) The splitting of the moon is confirmed through eye-witness testimony transmitted through an unbroken chain of reliable scholars so many that it is impossible that it could be false (hadith mutawatir).[2] A skeptic might ask, do we have any independent historical evidence to suggest the moon was ever split? After all, people around the world should have seen this marvelous event and recorded it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Miracles of Muhammad (Part 3 of 3)
    The Miracles of Muhammad (part 3 of 3) Description: A mention of other various miracles of the Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him. By IslamReligion.com Published on 23 Jan 2006 - Last modified on 06 May 2014 Category: Articles >Evidence Islam is Truth > Evidence of Muhammad's Prophethood Category: Articles >The Prophet Muhammad > Evidence of His Prophethood There are many other miracles which the Prophet performed related in the Sunnah, or conglomeration of the sayings, deeds, approvals, and descriptions of the Prophet. The Tree Trunk In Medina Muhammad used to deliver sermons leaning on a tree stump. When the number of worshippers increased, someone suggested a pulpit be built so he can use it to deliver the sermon. When the pulpit was built, he abandoned the tree trunk. Abdullah ibn Umar, one of the companions, gave an eye-witness testimony of what happened. The trunk was heard weeping, the Prophet of mercy went towards it and comforted it with his hand.[1] The event is also confirmed through eye-witness testimony transmitted through the ages with an unbroken chain of reliable scholars (hadith mutawatir).[2] The Flowing of Water On more than one occasion when people were in dire need of water, the blessing of the Muhammad saved them. In the sixth year after the he migrated from Mecca to Medina, Muhammad went to Mecca for pilgrimage. In the long journey through the desert, people ran out of all water, only the Prophet was left with a vessel with which he performed ablution for prayers.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Sahaba
    List of Sahaba A Abu Bakr As-Siddiq Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr Abdullah ibn Ja'far Abdu'l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr Abdur Rahman ibn Sakran 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf Abdullah ibn Abbas Abd-Allah ibn Abd-Allah ibn Ubayy 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As Abdallah ibn Amir Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr Abdullah ibn Hudhafah as-Sahmi Abdullah ibn Jahsh Abdullah ibn Masud Abdullah ibn Suhayl Abd Allah ibn Hanzala Abd Allah ibn Mas'ada al-Fazari 'Abd Allah ibn Rawahah Abdullah ibn Salam Abdullah ibn Unais Yonis Aden Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Haram Abdullah ibn Zayd Abdullah ibn Umar Abd-Allah ibn Umm-Maktum Abdullah ibn Atik Abbad ibn Bishr Abu Basir Abu Darda Abū l-Ṭufayl ʿĀmir b. Wāthila al-Kinānī Abîd ibn Hamal Abîd ibn Hunay Abjr al-Muzni [ar] Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabiah Abu Ayyub al-Ansari ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib Abu Dardaa Abû Dhar al-Ghifârî Abu Dujana Abu Fuhayra Abu Hudhaifah ibn Mughirah Abu-Hudhayfah ibn Utbah Abu Hurairah Abu Jandal ibn Suhail Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir Abu Musa al-Ashari Abu Sa`id al-Khudri Abu Salama `Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-Asad Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith Abu Sufyan ibn Harb Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Abu Zama' al-Balaui Abzâ al-Khuzâ`î [ar] Adhayna ibn al-Hârith [ar] Adî ibn Hâtim at-Tâî Aflah ibn Abî Qays [ar] Ahmad ibn Hafs [ar] Ahmar Abu `Usayb [ar] Ahmar ibn Jazi [ar][1] Ahmar ibn Mazan ibn Aws [ar] Ahmar ibn Mu`awiya ibn Salim [ar] Ahmar ibn Qatan al-Hamdani [ar] Ahmar ibn Salim [ar] Ahmar ibn Suwa'i ibn `Adi [ar] Ahmar Mawla Umm Salama [ar] Ahnaf ibn Qais Ahyah ibn
    [Show full text]
  • Islam, Civil Society and Social Work S O Ci Ety
    AND AND ISLAM, C ISLAM, S O CI I AL WORK AL V I L L ISLAM, CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL WORK S O Islam, Civil Society and Social Work, Muslim Voluntary Welfare Associations CI in Jordan between Patronage and Empowerment is a study on Muslim ETY voluntary welfare associations in Jordan. It analyses them mainly from the perspective of civil society theory and pays special attention to the role of religious faith and discourse in their social activities. These organizations are initiated by citizens and reflect their values and convictions. Their activities and discourses serve to an important extent government policy goals such as the preservation of social and political stability and public order. They also help to preserve patterns of patronage. However, patronage does not necessarily rule any kind of socioeconomic and cultural empowerment of underprivileged groups out. Moreover, political sentiments of protest and opposition can play a role under the surface. Therefore, these voluntary associations represent a highly imperfect and frustrated, but nevertheless real, motivated and changing civil society. EGBERT HARMSEN Egbert Harmsen (born 1967 in Dordrecht, the Netherlands) has since 2001 ISLAM, CIVIL SOCIETY been engaged as a Ph.D. researcher at the International Institute for the Study of Islam in de Modern World (ISIM) in Leiden. He graduated in 1995 in Middle Eastern Studies on the topic of the absorption and integration of AND SOCIAL WORK Palestinian refugees from Kuwait in Jordan. He has a broad experience in the region, especially
    [Show full text]