Turkey's Kin State Policy in the Balkans: the Muslim Community
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Balkan Turkisms" and Their Lexical and Grammatical Features
Palaver Palaver 3 n.s. (2014), n. 2, 175-196 e-ISSN 2280-4250 DOI 10.1285/i22804250v3i2p175 http://siba-ese.unisalento.it, © 2014 Università del Salento Lindita Xhanari (Latifi), Kledi Satka (Shegani) University of Tirana "Balkan Turkisms" and their lexical and grammatical features Abstract Turkish language has been one of the most important sources of enrichment of the vocabulary of the Balkans’ languages, during 5 centuries of Ottoman congestion. All Balkan languages have given and taken from each other. The impacts on these languages have been merely of local character and were limited to border dialects. In contrast to these effects, Turkish borrowings are spread so uniformly in the Balkan languages, that a significant number of them can be defined as"Balkan Turkisms". In this work, we aim to bring to readers attention a clear overview focusing on: Common fund of Balkan Turkisms and its lexical and grammatical characteristic. Examples of the use of Turkish words in texts of different Balkan languages (Albanian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Macedonian, Bosnian, Greek, Romanian) can be traced to the early fifteenth century. The process of borrowing from Turkish culminated in the nineteenth century. For the Balkans, Turkish was the language of communication within the Ottoman Empire. Most of Turkish lexeme has not only been adapted to Balkan languages, but has also become a natural component of the general and regional language. The borrowed words were not only accepted by the spoken languages of the Balkans, but they 175 Lindita Xhanari (Latifi), Kledi Satka (Shegani) also joined the literature, the language of religious teaching, that of administrative documents and other written texts. -
Romania, December 2006
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Romania, December 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: ROMANIA December 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Romania. Short Form: Romania. Term for Citizen(s): Romanian(s). Capital: Bucharest (Bucureşti). Click to Enlarge Image Major Cities: As of 2003, Bucharest is the largest city in Romania, with 1.93 million inhabitants. Other major cities, in order of population, are Iaşi (313,444), Constanţa (309,965), Timişoara (308,019), Craiova (300,843), Galati (300,211), Cluj-Napoca (294,906), Braşov (286,371), and Ploeşti (236,724). Independence: July 13, 1878, from the Ottoman Empire; kingdom proclaimed March 26, 1881; Romanian People’s Republic proclaimed April 13, 1948. Public Holidays: Romania observes the following public holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), Epiphany (January 6), Orthodox Easter (a variable date in April or early May), Labor Day (May 1), Unification Day (December 1), and National Day and Christmas (December 25). Flag: The Romanian flag has three equal vertical stripes of blue (left), yellow, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Human Settlement: Human settlement first occurred in the lands that now constitute Romania during the Pleistocene Epoch, which began about 600,000 years ago. About 5500 B.C. the region was inhabited by Indo-European people, who in turn gave way to Thracian tribes. Today’s Romanians are in part descended from the Getae, a Thracian tribe that lived north of the Danube River. During the Bronze Age (about 2200 to 1200 B.C.), these Thraco-Getian tribes engaged in agriculture, stock raising, and trade with inhabitants of the Aegean Sea coast. -
165 Years of Roman Rule on the Left Bank of the Danube. at The
92 Chapter III PROVINCIA DACIA AUGUSTI: 165 years of Roman rule on the left bank of the Danube. At the beginning of the 2nd century, in the Spring of 101AD, Roman Forces marched against the Kingdom of Decebal. We already know what the Roman's rationale was for starting this war and we also know that the real reason was likely to have been the personal ambition of the first Provincial Emperor, Trajan (he was born in Hispania a man of Macedonian background among Greeks). The Roman armies marched against a client-state of Rome, which was a subordinate ally of Rome. Decebal did not want to wage war against Rome and his recurring peace offers confirm this. It is unlikely that Trajan would only have decided on the total conquest of the Dacian Kingdom after he waged his first campaign in 101-102. After this, Roman garrisons were established in the Province - their ongoing presence is reflected by the Latin names of towns (as recorded by Ptolemy). At Dobreta they begin to build the stone bridge which will span the Danube. It was built in accordance with plans made by Apollodorus of Damascus to promote continuous traffic - it was an accomplishment unmatched - even by Rome. This vast project portends that Trajan began the expedition against Dacia in 101 with the intention of incorporating the Kingdom into the Roman Empire. The Emperor, who founded a city (Nicopolis) to commemorate his victory over Dacia, has embarked on this campaign not only for reasons of personal ambition. The 93 economic situation of the Empire was dismal at the beginning of Trajan's reign; by the end of the second Dacian War it has vastly improved. -
Romania, Dobruja, Crimean Tatars and People Around Them
Iulian Boldea (Editor) – Literature, Discourses and the Power of Multicultural Dialogue Arhipelag XXI Press, Tîrgu Mureș, 2017, eISBN: 978-606-8624-12-9 ROMANIA, DOBRUJA, CRIMEAN TATARS AND PEOPLE AROUND THEM Ismail Nilghiun Lecturer, PhD, Giresun University, Turkey Abstract:This paper attempts to highlight some aspects of social and cultural history of the Crimean Tatar ethnic minority in Romania, as part of the western hinderland of the Balck Sea, the south- eastern corner of Europe. This research is based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis for which I used some documents which are part of the heritage of the Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (The Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister‟s Office), issues faced by the refugees during thier refuge from the Crimean peninsula to the Ottoman lands, challenges following thier settlement in the newly created state Romaia, the assimilation process influenced by the nationalist discourse of the Romanian political elites reflected on newpapers of time owned by Constanta County Library „Ioan Roman”. The body of the paper highlights some aspects of historical evolution of the Crimean Tatars living in today‟s Dobruja, Romania and provides detailes about their religion affiliation and demographic evolution based on Romanian official data. The conclusion lines of this paper shows my own views on cultural bridges build up by the Crimean Tatars ethnic minority of Dobruja and emphasizes minority‟s strugle to protect its cultural identiy. Keywords:Crimea, Dobruja, Crimean Tatars, historical memory, the challenge of diversity. 1.Introduction 1.1. Argument and methods related to this research It is a great pleasure for me to write this study dedicated to the Crimean Tatars of Dobruja, their origins, homeland and history, as I am a native Crimean Tatar borne in Dobruja, Romania. -
FINAL BT2016.Pdf
STUDIA ET DOCUMENTA TURCOLOGICA 3-4/2015-2016 President Academician Professor Ioan-Aurel POP, Ph.D. International Scientific Board Professor Jean-Louis BACQUÉ-GRAMMONT, Ph.D. (France) Professor Emeritus Peter B. GOLDEN, Ph.D. (U.S.A.) Academician Professor György HAZAI, Ph.D. (Hungary) Professor Mustafa KAÇALIN, Ph.D. (Turkey) Professor Emeritus Kemal KARPAT, Ph.D. (U.S.A.) Professor Barbara KELLNER-HEINKELE, Ph.D. (Germany) Academician Professor Raphael S. KHAKIMOV, Ph.D. (Russian Federation) Academician Professor Shahin MUSTAFAYEV, Ph.D. (Rep. Azerbaijan) Professor Yekta SARAÇ, Ph.D. (Turkey) Academician Professor Victor SPINEI, Ph.D. (Romania) Director Professor Călin FELEZEU, Ph.D. Editorial Board Editor-in-chief: Professor Tasin GEMIL, Ph.D. Deputy editor-in-chief : Nagy PIENARU, Ph.D. Editorial board secretary: Adina FODOR, Ph.D. Margareta ASLAN, Ph.D. Virgil COMAN, Ph.D. Giuseppe COSSUTO, Ph.D. Adriana CUPCEA, Ph.D. Zhala ISMAIYLOVA, Ph.D. Ilnur MIRGALIYEV, Ph.D. UNIVERSITATEA BABEŞ-BOLYAI INSTITUTUL DE TURCOLOGIE ŞI STUDII CENTRAL-ASIATICE STUDIA ET DOCUMENTA TURCOLOGICA 3-4/2015-2016 PRESA UNIVERSITARĂ CLUJEANĂ 2016 ISSN: 2344 – 6560 ISSN-L: 2344 – 6560 © 2016 Editorii volumului. Toate drepturile rezervate. Reproducerea integrală sau parţială a textului, prin orice mijloace, fără acordul editorilor, este interzisă şi se pedep- seşte conform legii. Tehnoredactare computerizată: Cristian-Marius Nuna Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai Presa Universitară Clujeană Director: Codruţa Săcelean Str. Hasdeu nr. 51 400371 Cluj-Napoca, România Tel./Fax: (+40)-264-597.401 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.editura.ubbcluj.ro CONTENTS DIPLOMATS, REFUGEES AND EMIGRANTS – BEYOND MISSION, CORRESPONDENCE AND MERCY .......................................................................... 9 Dan PRODAN (Romania), L’Ambassadeur turc Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver et l’Institut de Turcologie de Iassy – Roumanie (1939–1944) ...................................................................... -
Dniester Jews Between
PARALLEL RUPTURES: JEWS OF BESSARABIA AND TRANSNISTRIA BETWEEN ROMANIAN NATIONALISM AND SOVIET COMMUNISM, 1918-1940 BY DMITRY TARTAKOVSKY DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Mark D. Steinberg, Chair Professor Keith Hitchins Professor Diane P. Koenker Professor Harriet Murav Assistant Professor Eugene Avrutin Abstract ―Parallel Ruptures: Jews of Bessarabia and Transnistria between Romanian Nationalism and Soviet Communism, 1918-1940,‖ explores the political and social debates that took place in Jewish communities in Romanian-held Bessarabia and the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the interwar era. Both had been part of the Russian Pale of Settlement until its dissolution in 1917; they were then divided by the Romanian Army‘s occupation of Bessarabia in 1918 with the establishment of a well-guarded border along the Dniester River between two newly-formed states, Greater Romania and the Soviet Union. At its core, the project focuses in comparative context on the traumatic and multi-faceted confrontation with these two modernizing states: exclusion, discrimination and growing violence in Bessarabia; destruction of religious tradition, agricultural resettlement, and socialist re-education and assimilation in Soviet Transnistria. It examines also the similarities in both states‘ striving to create model subjects usable by the homeland, as well as commonalities within Jewish responses on both sides of the border. Contacts between Jews on either side of the border remained significant after 1918 despite the efforts of both states to curb them, thereby necessitating a transnational view in order to examine Jewish political and social life in borderland regions. -
The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia's Threat to the Roman Empire
The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia’s Threat to the Roman Empire ______________________________________ ALEXANDRU MARTALOGU The Roman Republic and Empire survived for centuries despite imminent threats from the various peoples at the frontiers of their territory. Warfare, plundering, settlements and other diplomatic agreements were common throughout the Roman world. Contemporary scholars have given in-depth analyses of some wars and conflicts. Many, however, remain poorly analyzed given the scarce selection of period documents and subsequent inquiry. The Dacian conflicts are one such example. These emerged under the rule of Domitian1 and were ended by Trajan2. Several issues require clarification prior to discussing this topic. The few sources available on Domitian’s reign describe the emperor in hostile terms.3 They depict him as a negative figure. By contrast, the rule of Trajan, during which the Roman Empire reached its peak, is one of the least documented reigns of a major emperor. The primary sources necessary to analyze the Dacian wars include Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Jordanes’ Getica and a few other brief mentions by several ancient authors, including Pliny the Younger and Eutropius. Pliny is the only author contemporary to the wars. The others inherited an already existing opinion about the battles and emperors. It is no surprise that scholars continue to disagree on various issues concerning the Dacian conflicts, including the causes behind Domitian’s and Trajan’s individual decisions to attack Dacia. This study will explore various possible causes behind the Dacian Wars. A variety of reasons lead some to believe that the Romans felt threatened by the Dacians. -
Ana-Teodora Kurkina Department of History Graduate School for East and Southeast European Studies Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich / University of Regensburg
East European Quarterly Vol. 44, No. 1-2, pp. 53-76, March-June 2016 © Central European University 2016 ISSN: 0012-8449 (print) 2469-4827 (online) WORDS AND WITS: A TERRITORIAL DEBATE AND THE CREATION OF AN EPISTEMIC COMMUNITY IN INTERWAR DOBRUJA (1913-1940) Ana-Teodora Kurkina Department of History Graduate School for East and Southeast European Studies Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich / University of Regensburg Abstract This article establishes a link between a creation of an epistemic community and a territorial debate while addressing the Romanian-Bulgarian dispute regarding Dobruja. Moving beyond approaches centered on an investigation of similar territorial debates over contested lands and their immediate outcomes, the paper primarily analyses the potential of a political conflict for generating a community of intellectuals who become involved in propagating their respective state and nation-building causes. Putting the case of interwar Dobruja into the context of “entangled history”, the study clarifies its place within the framework of similar debates regarding other borderlands. Relying on the publications of the participants of the debate, the article claims that a conflict over a territory and the possibilities of its integration binds together influential public actors, various representatives of the local intellectual elite, uniting them in an unlikely epistemic community. Keywords: epistemic community, social networking, state-building, Dobruja Introduction A borderland is not only a contact zone (Pratt 1992, p. 4), but a constant source of political creativity for the local public actors. Territorial frames of an idealized nation-state are usually vague, contested, based on various interpretations of multiple historical legacies and their application to practice. -
The Interface of Religious and Political Conflict in Egyptian Theatre
The Interface of Religious and Political Conflict in Egyptian Theatre Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Amany Youssef Seleem, Stage Directing Diploma Graduate Program in Theatre The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Lesley Ferris, Advisor Nena Couch Beth Kattelman Copyright by Amany Seleem 2013 Abstract Using religion to achieve political power is a thematic subject used by a number of Egyptian playwrights. This dissertation documents and analyzes eleven plays by five prominent Egyptian playwrights: Tawfiq Al-Hakim (1898- 1987), Ali Ahmed Bakathir (1910- 1969), Samir Sarhan (1938- 2006), Mohamed Abul Ela Al-Salamouni (1941- ), and Mohamed Salmawi (1945- ). Through their plays they call attention to the dangers of blind obedience. The primary methodological approach will be a close literary analysis grounded in historical considerations underscored by a chronology of Egyptian leadership. Thus the interface of religious conflict and politics is linked to the four heads of government under which the playwrights wrote their works: the eras of King Farouk I (1920-1965), President Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970), President Anwar Sadat (1918-1981), and President Hosni Mubarak (1928- ). While this study ends with Mubarak’s regime, it briefly considers the way in which such conflict ended in the recent reunion between religion and politics with the election of Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, as president following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. This research also investigates how these scripts were written— particularly in terms of their adaptation from existing canonical work or historical events and the use of metaphor—and how they were staged. -
Kozlovsky, M.: Parting Songs of the Dobruja Aromanians and Tatars
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov – Supplement Series VIII: Performing Arts • Vol. 9 (58) No. 2 - 2016 Parting Songs of the Dobruja Aromanians and Tatars 1 Mirela KOZLOVSKY Abstract: Dobruja, a consequence of numerous overlapping cultures and civilisations, is an actual example of cohabitation and each ancestry keeping its identity. Adapted and accepted in the compact mass of the majority, minority ethnics from Dobruja’s culture and lifestyle is asserted both as part of the community, and outside of it. In geographical areas characterised by multiculturality, such as Dobruja, traditions are performed in diverse forms, thus contributing to the assertion of identity of the group who practices them. This paper aims at introducing the songs accompanying a major moment in the Dobruja Aromanians’ and Tatars’ nuptial ritual. The bride parting with her family environment is distinct in the case of both communities. Parting Songs are both vocal, and instrumental. In the Aromanians’ case, they are played when the bride is taken by the groom from her parents’ house, to go to the religious ceremony. In the case of Tatars, the actual wedding starts with this song, in the moment when the bride and the groom leave the parents’ house and join the guests. These community practices prove the existence of a homogenous ritually background in the Dobruja area, currently deemed to be the native land by all referenced community members. Key-words: wedding, ritual, Aromanians, Tatars, ethno-musicology, traditions, folklore 1. Introduction This paper aims at introducing the nuptial scene of the bride parting with her family, and the related music repertoire of this occasion. -
A Case Study on Niğbolu Sandjak (1479-1483)
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA: A CASE STUDY ON NİĞBOLU SANDJAK (1479-1483) A Master’s Thesis By NURAY OCAKLI DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA JULY 2006 DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA: A CASE STUDY ON NİĞBOLU SANDJAK (1479-1483) The Institute of Economic and Social Sciences of Bilkent University By NURAY OCAKLI In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA July 2006 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. Prof. Dr. Halil İnalcık Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. Asst. Prof. Dr. Evgeny Radushev Examining Comitee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. Asst. Prof. Dr. Hasan Ünal Examining Comitee Member Approval of the Institute of Economic and Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA: A CASE STUDY ON NİĞBOLU SANDJAK (1479-1483) Nuray Ocaklı M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Halil İnalcık June 2006 This thesis examines demographic structure and settlement patterns of Niğbolu Sandjak in the the last two decades of the fifteenth century. -
Crimean Turk-T
SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL ISSUES IN A EUROPE UNDER ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CRISIS CASE STUDY: CRIMEAN TURK-TATARS OF ROMANIA Nilghiun, Ismail 1 Abstract This paper gives an outlook on social issues with the Crimean Turk-Tatar community and their social and educational challenges in a Europe under social and economic crisis. This research attempts to focus on Crimean Turk-Tatars social issues rather than on historical and political environment, but they cannot be separated. The aim of my research is to identify the influence of indicators as - historical and political environment, to underline social issues, and how they influenced community’s day-to-day life. This study is based on face-to-face interviews conducted in February, July and August 2016, participant observation and content analysis of documents with the National Archives of Romania, Constan Ńa County District and Constan Ńa County Library “Ioan N. Roman”. Case study of this paper is the ethnic minority of Crimean Turk-Tatars and some of their social and educational issues. The body of the paper is based on a study done by All Minorities at Risk (AMAR), which qualifies Crimean Turk-Tatars as an ethnic minority at risk, and on the chart provided by UNESCO, which identifies socio-linguistics aspects of endangered languages qualifies the Crimean Tatar language as one of the severely endangered languages. Also, I identified the European Charter for Regional or Minority languages and its educational policies. Finally, my paper shows the community challenges in building communicational bridges based on mutual respect of differences. Key words: social and educational issues, face-to-face interviews, Crimean Turk-Tatars, grassroots, European educational policies.