Initial Environmental Examination __________________________________________________ February 2015 Patharghata Upazila Education Office Patharghata, Barguna, Bangladesh BAN: Secondary Education Sector Investment Program (SESIP) Prepared by the Directorate of Secondary Education and Ministry of Education. Table of Contents Abbreviation v Glossary vii Executive Summary ix Chapter - 1 Project Description 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Legislative Requirements 2 1.2.1 Safeguard Requirements of ADB 2 1.2.2 Safeguard Requirements of the Government of Bangladesh 3 and Environmental Clearance requirement 1.2.3 Other Policies and Legislations 4 1.3 Description of the Project 5 1.3.1 Type of the Project 5 1.3.2 Location of the Project 6 Chapter - 2 Description of Existing Environment in the Project Area 2.0 General Consideration 13 2.1 Physical Environment 13 2.1.1 Land Form and Soil Classification 14 2.1.2 Hydrology 15 2.1.3 Water Quality 15 2.1.3.1 Surface Water Quality 15 2.1.3.2 Ground Water Quality 15 2.1.4 Air Quality 16 2.1.5 Ambient Noise Level 16 2.1.6 Climatic Condition 16 2.1.6.1 Rainfall 17 2.1.6.2 Wind 18 2.2 Biological Environment 18 2.2.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna 18 2.2.2 Aquatic Flora and Fauna 18 2.3 Socio-Economic and Physical Cultural Resources 19 2.3.1 Socio-Economic Resources 19 2.3.2 Physical Cultural Resources 20 Chapter - 3 Potential Environmental Impacts And Mitigation Measures 3.0 Introduction 21 3.1 Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures 25 3.1.1 Impact at Pre –Construction Phase 26 3.1.2 Impact at Construction Phase 26 3.1.3 Impact at Operation Phase 26 3.2 Adverse Impacts And Mitigation Measures 28 3.2.1 Impact at Pre-construction Phase 30 3.2.2 Impact at Construction Phase 31 3.2.3 Impact at Operation Phase 34 Chapter - 4 Analysis of Alternatives 4.0 The ‘No Build’ Scenario 37 4.1 Consideration of Alternatives 37 4.2 Site Alternatives 37 Chapter - 5 Institutional Arrangements 5.0 Introduction 38 5.1 Institutions Associated with the Project 38 5.2 Institutional Capacity of Executing and Implementing Agency 38 5.3 Key Responsibilities of Executing and Implementing Agency, 39 EED 5.4 Key Responsibilities of the Contractor 39 5.5 Capacity Building and Training 40 Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring And Management Plan 6.0 Introduction 41 6.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 41 6.2 Environmental Management During Construction Phase 46 6.2.1 Overview of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 46 6.2.2 Air Quality Management 46 6.2.3 Management of Solid Wastes 46 6.2.4 Noise and Vibration Level Management 46 6.2.5 Health and Safety Management 46 6.2.6 Sanitation Management 46 6.3 Environmental Management during Operation Phase 47 6.3.1 Overview of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 47 6.3.2 Water & wastewater Management 47 6.3.3 Socioeconomic Impact Management 47 6.3.4 Greening Program 47 6.3.5 Disaster Management 48 6.4 Monitoring Requirement 48 6.5 Monitoring Indicators 48 6.6 Cost of Monitoring 50 Chapter - 7 Information Disclosure, Public Consultation and Participation 7 Information Disclosure, Public Consultation and 52 Participation Chapter - 8 Grievance Redress Mechanism 8 Grievance Redress Mechanism 55 Chapter- 9 Conclusion and Recommendations 9.1 Conclusion 59 9.2 Recommendations 59 List of Tables Table 2.1 Average Normal Rainfall at Patuakhali in 2014 17 Table 2.2 Table Temperature at Patuakhali & Barisal in 2014 17 Table 3.1 Checklists of Construction of multistoried building for 22 District/Upazilla Education Office Table 3.2 Summary Analysis of Beneficial Impacts 25 Table 3.3 Summary Analysis of Adverse Impacts 28 Table 6.1 Environment Management and Monitoring Matrix 42 Table 6.2 Monitoring plan during construction phase of the project 49 Page | iii Table 6.3 Monitoring plan during operational phase of the project 50 Table 6.4 Cost estimate for environmental monitoring measures during 50 construction Table 6.5 Cost estimate for environmental monitoring measures during 51 operation List of Figures Fig: 1.1 Proposed Design of Educational Office 5 Fig: 1.2 Bangladesh Map 7 Fig: 1.3 Barguna District map 8 Fig: 1.4 Patharghata Upazila Map 9 Fig: 1.5 Satellite Image of Proposed Project. 10 Fig: 1.6 Upazila lay-out plan 11 Fig: 1.7 Pictures of the Project Site 12 Fig: 2.1 1 km Study Area of the Project 14 Fig: 2.2 Ground water depth of salinity prone study area 16 Fig: 7.1 Photograph of Consultations with Local Government, NGO 53 representatives & School Governing Body, Teachers. Fig: 8.1 Flowchart of Complaints/Grievance Redress Procedure 56 Fig: 8.2 Grievance Form 58 Page | iv ABBREVIATION ADB Asian Development Bank BMD Bangladesh Meteorological Department BNBC Bangladesh National Building Code CO2 Carbon Dioxide DOE Department of Environment DSHE Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education, ECA Environment Conservation Act 1995 ECR Environment Conservation Rules 1997 EED Education Engineering Department EMP environmental management plan GOB Government of Bangladesh IEE Initial environment examination NEMAP National Environmental Management Action Plan NGO Non-Government Organization NOx Oxides of Nitrogen OP Operation Policy PDPAPs Project Director,Affected Persons PIU Project Implementation Unit PM2.5 Particulate Matter < 2.5µm PM10 Particulate Matter < 10µm PPE Personal Protective Equipment PV Photo Voltaic REA Rapid Environmental Assessment SESIP Secondary Education Sector Investment Program SO2 Oxides of Sulfur SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TOR terms of reference WEIGHTS AND MEASURES oC degree Celsius dB(A) decibel acoustic km kilometer km/h kilometer per hour kWe kilowatt-electric KV Kilo volt(s) Page | v KVA kilo Volt-Amps m meter mm millimeter m3 cubic meter m3/hr cubic meters per hour mg/l milligrams per liter m/s meters per second MTPA metric tons per annum MW megawatt ppm parts per million ppt parts per thousand Rpm revolutions per minute TPD tons per day μg/m3 microgram per cubic meter Page | vi GLOSSARY Adverse impact: An impact that is considered undesirable. Ambient air: Surrounding air. Aquatic: Growing or living in or near water. Baseline (or existing) conditions: The ‘baseline’ essentially comprises the factual understanding and interpretation of existing environmental, social and health conditions of where the business activity is proposed. Understanding the baseline shall also include those trends present within it, and especially how changes could occur regardless of the presence of the project, i.e. the ‘No-development Option’. Beneficial impacts: Impacts, which are considered to be desirable and useful. Biological diversity: The variety of life forms, the different plants, animals and micro organisms, genes they contain and the ecosystems they form. It is usually considered at three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecological diversity. Ecosystem: A dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungal and microorganism communities and associated non-living environment interacting as an ecological unit. Emission: The total amount of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutant emitted into the atmosphere from a given source within a given time, as indicated, for e.g., in grams per cubic meter of gas or by a relative measure, upon discharge from the source. Endangered species: Species in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the existing conditions continue to operate. Included among those are species whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to suffer from immediate danger of extinction. Environmental effects: The measurable changes, in the natural system of productivity and environmental quality, resulting from a development activity. Environmental Impact: An estimate or judgment of the significance and value of environmental effects for natural, socio-economic and human receptors. Environmental Management: Managing the productive use of natural resources without reducing their productivity and quality. Environment Management Plan (EMP): A Plan to undertake an array of follow-up activities which provide for the sound environmental management of a project/ intervention so that adverse environmental impacts are minimized and mitigated; beneficial environmental effects are maximized; and sustainable development is ensured. Erosion: Process in which wind and water removes materials from their original place; for instance, soil washed away from an agricultural field. Evaluation: The process of looking back at what has been really done or accomplished. Fauna: A collective term denoting the animals occurring in a particular region or period. Flora: All of the plants found in a given area. Habitat: The natural home or environment for a plant or animal. Page | vii Household: A household is identified as a dwelling unit where one or more persons live and eat together with common cooking arrangement. Persons living in the same dwelling unit having separate cooking arrangements constitute separate household. Initial Environmental Assessment / Evaluation: Preliminary analysis undertaken to ascertain whether there are sufficient likely significant adverse impacts to warrant a ‘full’ EIA. In some countries, use of initial assessment forms a meaning of “screening” proposed projects. Land use: Types include agriculture, horticulture, settlement, pisciculture and industries. Mitigation: An action, which may prevent or minimize adverse impacts and enhance beneficial impacts. Negative Impact: Negative change from the existing situation due to the project. Public involvement / Public consultation: A range of techniques that can be used to inform, consult or interact with stakeholders’ affected / to be affected by a proposal. Stakeholders: Those who may be potentially affected by a proposal, e.g. Local people, the proponent, government agencies, NGOs, donors and others, all parties who may be affected by the project or to take an interest in it. Taka: Unit of Bangladeshi currency. Terrestrial: Living on land.