Special Reference to Indian Universities
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International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-1, November 2019 Biophysics Research Trends in India: Special Reference to Indian Universities Neha Munjal, Shiv Singh, Agnibha Das Majumdar, Gopal Rizal Abstract: Biophysics is an effervescent scientific field where There are many bibliometric studies on work of Indian theses scientists from many areas including chemistry, physics, zoology research [2-7] and different countries research [8-11]. Some of etc, use their skills to explore and develop new tools for these techniques have been applied to measure the understanding how the life sciences work. The objective of this productivity of biophysics thesis in India. paper is to present the preliminary results and to identify the growth and development of Indian research in Biophysics. The data was collected from Online Union Catalogue of Indian II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY [1] Universities . The catalogue has 4,36,967 Ph.D theses from 317 The Ph.D. thesis is building blocks for the growth of the Indian universities. Indicators regarding the distribution records subject in any field of knowledge. So, the Indcat database was of Biophysics thesis, as well as the subject, supervisor, top University, state wise, keywords was analyzed with modular searched for records on Biophysics to analyses the growth of Scientometrics information system. The data comprises of 569 Biophysics in the India. The data were analyzed for tabulating theses out of which the majority was from West Bengal followed the decade wise, University wise, state wise, department wise, by Karnataka. The most contributor departments were Biophysics top keywords. followed by Physics Index Terms: III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Keywords: Biophysics, Indian Universities, Bibliometric, Physics, IndCat I. INTRODUCTION A bibliometric analysis is basically known as a quantitative method used to examine the knowledge structure and development of research fields based on analysis of related publications. This kind of work is a combination of science, technology and information. The analysis of the pursued researches in the any field is very valuable for an education policy maker as this kind of analysis gives the overviews of the areas which are neglected and over pursued. Now a day‟s field of physics is believed in co relational work for further Figure 1: Decade wise contribution improvement of the field. So, biophysics is that kind of field in which a co relational study between physics and biology can be done. The present paper, deals with the researches in the most basic field of science i.e. Biophysics. Biophysics is the particular field in which the theories and methods of physics is applied to understand the biological phenomena. Biophysics has been critical to understanding the mechanics of how the molecules of life are made, how different parts of a cell move and function, and how complex systems in our bodies like the brain, circulation, immune system, and other work. Biophysics is a vibrant scientific field where scientists from many fields including math, chemistry, Figure 2: Cumulative decade wise frequency of physics, engineering, pharmacology, and materials sciences, biophysics thesis use their skills to explore and develop new tools for Figure 1 reflects that from 1946 to 2016, there are 569 understanding how biology, all life, works. dissertations containing keyword „biophysics‟ out of these 569 theses, maximum studies were conducted in 1977-1986. Revised Manuscript Received on November 05, 2019. This shows that biophysics as a keyword became popular Dr. Neha Munjal, Department of Physics, Lovely Professional among the scholars over a period of time where initially only University, Phagwara, India. few researches had been done in this area. But after 1976 Dr. Shiv Singh, Central Library, Bennet University, Greater Noida, India, Email [email protected] suddenly a continuous Mr. Agnibha Das Majumdar1, Department of Physics, Lovely growth had been observed in Professional University, Phagwara, India. Mr. Gopal Rizal, Department of Physics, Royal University of Bhutan, this area. Bhutan Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: E3078038519/2019©BEIESP 508 DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.E3078.119119 & Sciences Publication Biophysics Research Trends in India: Special Reference to Indian Universities People had gradually gained their interest in the area related to biophysics therefore the number of studies which had been conducted in this area had increased. But after 1996 number of thesis is again declining which is pointing towards the need to do more researches in this area and there is a scope of development. Cumulative decade wise frequency of biophysics thesis has been presented in Figure 2. Table 1: Department wise contribution of theses in biophysics Rank Name of the department Frequency Percentage 1 Biophysics 204 35.85 2 Physics 56 9.84 3 Zoology 48 8.44 4 Botany 46 8.08 Figure 4: State wise contribution of biophysics thesis 5 Molecular Biophysics 43 7.56 Table 2: University wise contribution 6 Biology 42 7.38 7 Medical Sciences 26 4.57 Rank Name of the University Frequen Percenta cy ge 8 Crystallography and Biophysics 19 3.34 1 University of Calcutta, West Bengal 146 25.66 Others (30) 85 14.94 2 Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka 80 14.06 Table 1 gives the top 38 departments working in the area of 3 University of Madras, Tamil Nadu 43 7.56 biophysics. The top five disciplines are biophysics, physics, 4 Panjab University, Chandigarh 36 6.33 zoology, botany, and molecular biology with 204,56,48,46 5 University of Mumbai, Maharashtra 35 6.15 and 43 contributions respectively. The decade wise growth trend of the top three departments has been shown in the 6 Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh 22 3.87 Figure 3. Initial research on biophysics was started by the 6 National Institute of Mental Health and 22 3.87 Neuro Sciences, Karnataka Physics department, which had initiated the new branch as 7 University of Delhi, New Delhi 15 2.64 Biophysics. 8 Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 14 2.46 30 9 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 10 1.76 25 Zoology 20 New Delhi 15 10 9 Osmania University, Telangana 10 1.76 5 0 9 Postgraduate Institute of Medical 10 1.76 Education and Research, Chandigarh 20 Physics 16 Others (49) 126 22.14 12 8 4 Table 2 depicts that the rank wise top universities name, state 0 Contribution of the university, number and the percentage of the thesis. It is 60 Biophysics worth to note that the University of Calcutta from West 45 30 Bengal, is at topmost. Among top universities, one university 15 is from West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar 0 Pradesh and Teleangana state each, two universities are from Karnataka and Chandigarh each and three universities from capital of India New Delhi. All India Institute of Medical 1957 -1966 1957 1976 1967- 1946 - 1956 - 1946 1996 - 1987 2006 - 1997 2016 - 2007 1986 - 1977 Sciences (AIIMS) had a noteworthy contribution in this field Figure 3: Growth of Top three department in the field of of Biophysics. biophysics Figure 4 reflects the state wise contribution and it has been noted that the majority contributions are from „West Bengal‟ i.e. 160 (28.12%) exponentially decreasingly followed by „Karnataka‟ with 109 contributions (19.16%) and „Tamil Nadu‟ with 50 contributions (8.79 %). On the contrary to this, states like Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand have not contributed much in conducting studies in the areas of biophysics due to which it is hard to know the technological status of people living there. Therefore, it is suggested to do more studies in the above mentioned states. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: E3078038519/2019©BEIESP 509 & Sciences Publication DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.E3078.119119 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-1, November 2019 Table 3: Highly productive supervisors R Name of No. of % Name of University a Supervisor thesis n Guided k 1 Balaram P 13 2. Indian Institute of Science, 28 Karnataka 1 Joshi Preeti G 13 2. National Institute of Mental 28 Health and Neuro Sciences, Karnataka 1 Sasisekharan V 13 2. Indian Institute of Science, 28 Karnataka 2 Rao V S R 10 1. Indian Institute of Science, 76 Karnataka 3 Das Jyotirmoy 8 1. University of Calcutta, West 41 Bengal 3 Joshi Nanda B 8 1. National Institute of Mental Figure 5: Co-occurrence of keywords minimum threshold 41 Health and Neuro Sciences, Karnataka 5 and 30 links 4 Chakrabarty 7 1. University of Calcutta, West Abhay Sankar 23 Bengal IV. CONCLUSION 4 Dhawan D K 7 1. Panjab University, 23 Chandigarh From the data available on Indicat it can be predicted that Table 3 demonstrates top supervisors; the first position is biophysics is an important field and has always been one of shared by the three supervisors, Balaram P, Joshi Preeti G, the important areas for research and having more scope for Sasise kharan V with 13 contributions each and all from development and it has gained popularity among research Karnataka. The second position is shared by Rao V S R with scholars over a period of time. There are 569 theses guided by 10 contributions. Though the university of Calcutta is at the the 232 supervisors. There are many states like West Bengal, top in terms of maximum thesis, but the top supervisors are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu where a significant work has been more Karnataka done in this area but still there are some places like Himachal Table 4: Rank list of top frequency of Keywords Pradesh, Uttarakhand where there is a lot of scope of conducting studies in this particular area. It has also been Rank Keywords Frequency Percentage noted that the number of researches, conducted in the areas of 1 Biophysics 429 26.60 biophysics, is reducing day by day.