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Redalyc.FABACEAE POTENCIALMENTE ÚTILES DE LA Investigación Valdizana ISSN: 1994-1420 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán Perú Moreno Taboada, Carlos Gustavo FABACEAE POTENCIALMENTE ÚTILES DE LA PROVINCIA DE HUÁNUCO Investigación Valdizana, vol. 1, núm. 1, 2007, pp. 30-34 Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán Pillco Marca, Perú Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=586061876007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Moreno, C. et al. FABACEAE POTENCIALMENTE UTILES ... FABACEAE POTENCIALMENTE ÚTILES DE LA PROVINCIA DE HUÁNUCO FABACEAE POTENTIALLY USEFUL FROM HUANUCO'S PROVINCE Carlos Gustavo Moreno Taboada.1 RESUMEN ABSTRACT La investigación, tuvo como objetivos The purpose of the investigation was to determinar las plantas de la familia Fabaceae objectives to determine the plants of the family: que se encuentran en la provincia de Huánuco; Fabaceae that are in the county of Huánuco; y, establecer la importancia de las especies de and, the importance of the species of this family dicha familia que se encuentran en el citado that are in the mentioned geographical ámbito geográfico. En esta fase del trabajo, se environment. In this phase of the work, it has ha logrado determinar las especies distribuidas been possible to determine the species en las subfamilias Mimosoideae, Caesal- distributed among the Mimosoideae, Caesal- pinioideae y Faboideae, siendo las siguientes: pinioideae and Faboideae, they are: Bauhinia Bauhinia aculeata (Jussieu) Wunderlin, aculeata (Jussieu) Wunderlin, Caesalpinia Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, Calliandra expansa Calliandra expansa (R. & P.) Bentham, Inga (R. & P.) Bentham, Inga edulis C. Martius, edulis C. Martius, Leucaena leucocephala Leucaena leucocephala (Lamarck) De Wit, (Lamarck) De Wit, Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills- Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh, Dalea cylindrical paugh, Dalea cylíndrica Hooker, Otholobium Hooker, Otholobium pubescens (Poiret) Grimes pubescens (Poiret) Grimes y Spar-tium y Spartium junceum L. We emphasize its junceum L. Se destaca su importancia por los importance for their discovered useful, and their usos descubiertos y la potencialidad que estas potential meaning, and how they contribute in representan, tanto para contribuir a la formation, regeneration, and improvement and formación, regeneración, mejoramiento y evitar how avoid the ground against erosion, likewise la erosión del suelo; asimismo, por su for endure heavy pruning capacity, and capacidad para poder soportar podas severas, something like that. entre otros. Palabras clave: Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae, Key words: Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae, Mimosoideae. Mimosoideae. 1. Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Investig. Valdizana 1 (1) 2007 30 Moreno, C. et al. FABACEAE POTENCIALMENTE UTILES ... INTRODUCCIÓN grandes. Su importancia trasciende en diversos aspectos que van desde ser las proveedoras de La familia Fabaceae comprende 650 géneros granos con un alto valor nutritivo como el "frejol" y 18 000 especies, es una gran familia de Phaseolus vulgaris, "pallar" P. lunatus, "arveja" plantas después de las Asteraceae y Pisum sativum, "maní" Arachis hypogaea, Orchidaceae. Comparada con estas familias, y forraje "alfalfa" Medicago sativa, solo por citar muchas otras, las Fabaceae poseen una gran unas cuantas, sin dejar de lado su papel como diversidad de formas de crecimiento, desde enriquecedoras naturales de nitrógeno para los enormes árboles a pequeñas efímeras; suelos, tolerancia a suelos empobrecidos, asimismo, son notables sus modos de incluso por su capacidad de producir madera reproducción y defensa (Polhill & Raven)1. para leña, productos con actividad antitumoral, actividad anti VIH. Aunque la familia se ha extendido prácticamente en todo hábitat terrestre, desde el ecuador a los límites de los desiertos secos y MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS fríos, mucha de su diversidad está centrada en áreas de variada topografía con clima La colección y herborización de las especies estacional. botánicas se ha realizado siguiendo las sugerencias planteadas por Cerrate2 y Lot & La versatilidad de las legumbres, también Chiang3. La información referente a las llamadas así por sus frutos, aumenta su gran características morfológicas y otros de las importancia económica, que probablemente se muestras se registraron en etiquetas de incremente con la demanda de la presión campo. Para cuyo efecto se emplearon el humana. Así puede emplearse para la fijación instrumental y equipo recomendados para este de nitrógeno, conservación de suelos y fin. proporcionar madera, combustible, pesticidas, como también más carbohidratos, proteínas y La determinación botánica se ha efectuado aceites. con la ayuda de claves taxonómicas pertinentes a la familia materia del trabajo. Las características de nuestra región con sus variados pisos altitudinales y más propiamente, RESULTADOS la provincia de Huánuco configura el hábitat ideal para una gran diversidad de plantas, Se han seguido las sugerencias de Brako y dentro de ellas las que corresponden a la Zarucchi4, respecto a la nomenclatura de los familia de las Fabaceae, los cuales precisan nombres científicos del material botánico ser estudiados en forma sistemática. Por lo colectado. En lo que corresponde a la cual al iniciar esta investigación, nos clasificación se ha seguido el Sistema planteamos las siguientes interrogantes: 5 Filogenético de Adolph Engler , reportándose los siguientes hallazgos: ¿Qué plantas de la familia Fabaceae se encuentran en la provincia de Huánuco? Subfamilia: Caesalpinoideae. ¿Cuál es la importancia de las especies de la Bauhinia aculeata (Jussieu) Wunderlin familia Fabaceae reconocidas en los diversos Sinónimo: Bauhinia grandiflora Jussieu campos de la actividad humana? Árbol o arbusto espinoso; hojas de 10 cm de longitud, simple bilobular (partida desde el ápice Dentro de este contexto, nos propusimos lograr hasta un tercio de la longitud), suborbicular- los siguientes objetivos: cordada a ovada-oblonga, áspera, glabra; espinas estipulares apareadas, curvadas; * Determinar las plantas de la familia inflorescencia axilar, corta, 2-4 floreada; Fabaceae que se encuentran en la pedicelos de 1 cm de longitud; cáliz de 5 cm de provincia de Huánuco. longitud, espatiforme, lanceolado-acuminado, partido en 1 ó 2 partes recurvadas; pétalos de 6 * Establecer la importancia de las cm de longitud, blancos, oblanceolado a especies de la familia Fabaceae que se obovado; estambres 10; fruto vaina de 6 cm de encuentran en la provincia de Huánuco. longitud, 1,5 cm de ancho, oblongo, compreso, áspero. Florea en verano. La familia Fabaceae es una de las más Investig. Valdizana 1 (1) 2007 31 Moreno, C. et al. FABACEAE POTENCIALMENTE UTILES ... Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze Subtendida por escamas de 4-8 mm de longitud; Arbusto robusto con espinas. Hojas compues- flores de 2,5-5 cm de longitud, suavemente tas lisas o escasamente y cortamente espino- fragantes; cáliz puberulento, estriado, 5-8 mm sas con 2-3 pares de pinnas, a menudo de 10 de longitud; corola sedoso-villosa, 14-20 mm de cm de largo y ocho pares de folíolos subsésiles, longitud; vainas con márgenes sulcados muy fijos, glabros, reticulado-nervados, oblongo- engrosadas de 30-100 cm de longitud (en elípticos, oblicuos en la base, redondeados en plantas cultivadas a menudo más grandes), 2-5 el ápice, 2,5 x 1 cm. Racimos de 8-12 cm de cm de diámetro, color verde grisáceo, cilíndrica, largo; pedicelos puberulentos de 5 mm de recta o revirada en espiral, con prominencias largo, articulados por debajo del corto tubo del longitudinales y pubescencia de pelos cortos, cáliz. Fruto vaina a menudo rojo a rojizo. con la pulpa blanca dulce rodeando las semillas. Subfamilia: Mimosoideae. Leucaena leucocephala (Lamarck) De Wit Calliandra expansa (R. & P.) Bentham Sinónimos: Acacia leucocephala (Lamarck) Arbusto bajo formando matas enredadas por la Link, Leucaena glauca Bentham, Mimosa incurvación de las ramas, éstas a veces glauca L., nom. illeg. Mimosa leucocephala ligeramente pubescentes en las puntas. Hojas Lamarck. compuestas con una ó raramente dos pinnas, Pequeño árbol de 20 m de alto, de crecimiento éstas solo en 1 cm o más y con 10-15 pares de rápido; tronco de 10-25 cm de diámetro, foliolos, ligeramente obtusas o agudas 2-3 mm formando una base densa; hojas perennes, de longitud. Flores con pedúnculo obsoleto 5 alternas, 10-25 cm de longitud, maloliente mm de largo; cáliz 1 mm de alto; corola 4 mm de cuando son trituradas, bipinnadas con 3-10 largo; los estambres dos veces más largos. pares de pinnas, estas con 10-20 pares de Vainas sublignificadas, glabras, cerca de 3,5 foliolos verde-gris, sésiles estrechamente cm de largo y 4-6 mm de ancho. oblongo a lanceolados, de 1-2 cm de longitud, menos de 0,3 cm de ancho; flores numerosas, axilares sobre largos pedúnculos, blancas, en densas cabezuelas esféricas de 1-2 cm de ancho; fruto vaina con borde elevado, plano, delgado, pardo oscuro y duro, 10-15 cm de longitud, 1,6-2,5 cm de ancho, dehiscente en ambas suturas; semillas 15-30 por vainas ovales, planas, pardo brillante. Subfamilia: Papilionoideae. Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh Sinónimos: Cajanus bicolor DC., Cajanus indicus Sprengel, Cytisus cajan L. Arbusto leñoso perenne; tallo fuerte, leñoso, de Inga edulis
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