5/2020 PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FRANKFURT / LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT HESSISCHE STIFTUNG FRIEDENS- UND KONFLIKTFORSCHUNG PETER KREUZER // GOVERNORS AND MAYORS IN THE PHILIPPINES. RESISTANCE TO OR SUPPORT FOR DUTERTE’S DEADLY WAR ON DRUGS PRIF Report 5/2020 GOVERNORS AND MAYORS IN THE PHILIPPINES. RESISTANCE TO OR SUPPORT FOR DUTERTE‘S DEADLY WAR ON DRUGS PETER KREUZER // ImprInt LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT HESSISCHE STIFTUNG FRIEDENS- UND KONFLIKTFORSCHUNG (HSFK) PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FRANKFURT (PRIF) Cover: Labelled map of the Philippines. Wikimedia Commons, Sanglahi86, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://bit.ly/36HjeCZ, edited. Text license: Creative Commons CC-BY-ND (Attribution/NoDerivatives/4.0 International). The images used are subject to their own licenses. Correspondence to: Peace Research Institute Frankfurt Baseler Straße 27–31 D-60329 Frankfurt am Main Telephone: +49 69 95 91 04-0 E-Mail:
[email protected] https://www.prif.org ISBN: 978-3-946459-58-3 Summary When Rodrigo Duterte took office as the President of the Philippines on June 30, 2016, his campaign focus on illegal drugs as a national security problem that necessitated an iron-fisted response be- came government policy. Duterte gave carte blanche to the Philippine National Police (PNP) to kill drug pushers and dealers at will as long as they could somehow claim to have been acting in self-de- fense. Thousands of suspects died at the hand of police officers and vigilantes who understood Duterte’s rash rhetoric as an invitation to participate in a state-led, nationwide killing spree. However, killings were not uniformly spread across the Philippines, but focused on highly urban- ized regions and especially the National Capital Region (NCR) and the adjacent regions of Central Luzon and CALABARZON (regs.