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Midterm Elections The 2019 Midterm Elections A discussion series by the Ateneo de Manila University Department of Political Science in collaboration with BusinessWorld This booklet contains a series of articles written by the faculty members of the Ateneo de Manila University Department of Political Science in relation to the 2019 midterm elections. These articles are accessible online through BusinessWorld Online. The 2019 Midterm Elections discussion series 3 Why should we care about “midterm” elections? 5 What’s at stake for us in the 2019 midterm elections? 9 Why should there be election debates 11 Elections do not make democracy 13 The battle for the 12 Senate seats! 16 What is your opinion of your President? 18 Why we (don’t) vote 20 Why the opposition lost in the 2019 Midterm (Senatorial) Elections 23 Vote-Shaming in the Midterm Elections 2 Why should we care about "midterm" elections? By Arjan P. Aguirre 12 February 2018 - https://www.bworldonline.com/care-midterm-elections/ In most democracies these days, discussions of government. In other societies (such as in on electoral politics are surprisingly limited to parliamentary democracies like UK, Canada, general elections. Most media analysts and India, etc.), it is an election usually held ahead election “experts” really find happiness and of a scheduled election. In this regard, it is used satisfaction in describing the fanfare and as a way to constitute a parliament following its spectacle of electing presidents and creation of dissolution. a powerful Cabinet in modern-day parliaments. They are usually silent about These days, commentators and pundits tend to midterm elections that are also taking place frame midterm election as a mere extension of and how they help define the future of the political space of the sitting government — governments and societies across the world. essentially sutured or perhaps even subsumed to those issues and controversies that define an At present, the attention and interest toward existing political regime. This can be explained midterm elections have always been negligible, if by the nature of the election itself which can be not nonexistent. The interest toward midterm conceptually expressed into two elements: 1.) elections regularly appears months and even particular — a part of the government is weeks before election day. This interest usually elected; 2.) intermediate — election held in- culminates on election day, where people between general elections. are forced to monitor and make sense of the outcome of the election. Another way of explaining this problem is the fact that many of these commentators and Why should we be concerned about pundits are not really familiar of what it really midterm election? What is its real function? means, especially for contemporary democracies. I think, this is where the blame Midterm election is commonly understood as an should be given to our contemporary scholars election cycle where people elect members of and academics in the field of political science the government exactly halfway of the term of for keeping silent about the real purpose of the other set of elected officials. It is an election midterm elections in democratic societies. that punctuates the term of the sitting head 3 Midterm elections are known to have the However, compared to US, the Philippine case following functions to contemporary societies. is certainly different. President Rodrigo One, they shape the political contours and Duterte’s coalition led by his political party, climate leading to the next general election. Partido Demokratiko ng Pilipinas (PDP), enjoys The winning coalition or party in a midterm high popularity among the voters. The election usually gets the momentum by holding “Duterte bloc” controls all political spaces as enough key positions in the government well as governmental institutions in the needed to mobilize votes especially on election Philippines today. Opposing groups and day. Also, they act as referendum for the sitting personalities, unfortunately, are incapable of government. Winning or losing the midterm mounting an alternative to the Duterte rule. elections is reflection of how well or bad the administration is performing. Lastly, they Given this situation, there is this fourth purpose are also seen as an opportunity for emerging of midterm elections, exclusively applicable to political actors to change the political narrative flawed democratic societies like the Philippines by advancing his/her political issue and — a way to contest a highly powerful bloc. redirecting the attention of the general public Democratic forces should explore using away from a future lame-duck president (or midterm elections as a way to engage and his/her party in a parliamentary government). challenge the monolithic rule of the sitting Contrary to the analyses of those “political government by participating in all aspects of an analysts” and “election experts,” these points electoral cycle (pre-election, election, and post- are fully supported by extant studies on election). By this sanctioned political opening, midterm elections (See the works of Prof. political institutions will be forced to allow James Campbell, Prof. Robert Erikson, Prof. fragmented groups to converge and coalesce on Alan Abramowitz, among others.) their common issues. This year, the US will elect all members of the Political strategists, campaign handlers, and House of Representatives (435 representatives), most importantly, social movement activists one-third of the members of the Senate (33 should be aware of this potential of midterm senators) and majority of the Governors (36 elections to change the status quo. (Remember states and 3 territories) in the 50 states and the 2007 midterm elections under Arroyo’s 5 territories that comprise the United States of regime?) They should think of ways to be America. The three functions of midterm inclusive of other political groups and be clear elections will be useful in understanding the in contrasting themselves with the sitting November 2018 elections. President Donald government. Most importantly, they should Trump and his Republican Party will certainly try make sure that they are the better choice than to bounce back to its losses (e.g. Obamacare, Tax the “fence-sitters” (or those who refused to cuts, among others) and will fight head-on in make a clear stand on issues) and be a securing more seats in the Senate (where complete counterforce to the ruling coalition. 24 Republicans have already announced their retirement from politics), House, and State *** governorships. But it is going to be an uphill battle, given that the Democratic party is also Arjan P. Aguirre is an Instructor at the Department expected to deliver votes on election day. of Political Science, School of Social Sciences of the Ateneo de Manila University. He handles In 2019, the Philippines will elect all members courses on Politics and Governance, History of of the House of Representatives, one-half of Political Theory, Contemporary Political Theories, all members of the Senate (12 senators) and and Electoral Reforms in the Philippines. all local government officials (except those at the Barangay level). 4 What's at stake for us in the 2019 midterm elections? By Hansley A. Juliano 07 March 2019 - https://www.bworldonline.com/whats-at-stake-for-us-in-the-2019-midterm-elections/ In most democratic societies, midterm elections it.) To be sure, commentators and partisans of are seen not only as a referendum on the the administration might point to the passage performance of a sitting government/political of legislation by non-administration solons as party. It may also determine to what extent can proof of bipartisanship. However, we could also the current administration move forward equally make the case that such happened in unencumbered with its agenda — or whether it spite of, and not because of, the will need to begin building bipartisan administration’s agenda. confidence in order to govern with its symbolic authority intact. furthermore, its consistent hounding of opposition voices plus its persistent disregard Bipartisanship, sadly, has never been a strong of the rule of law and international standards of suit of the administration of Rodrigo Duterte. human rights do not inspire confidence. These (Or at least, it is clearly confident in its hurt its pretensions to legitimate democratic presumed mandate to not even bother with governance — despite persistent spinning 5 by Malacañang’s communication offices. But the way partisans of Otso Diretso (not Coverage of commentary by other political necessarily the candidates themselves) have analysts in the Philippines already suggest that tried to sell themselves have not properly the laggardness/backsliding of many of our capitalized on the regime slate’s weaknesses. political institutions are already hurting the So far, they have simply been going about chances of the Philippines in pursuing genuine brandishing the CVs of their bets, without development — despite confident economic a united, clear platform of legislation and figures and projections. governance. The 2019 midterm elections should be framed not They are yet to demonstrate that they intend only as the Duterte administration’s affirmation of to be a solid bloc that can fiscalize against the its mandate to its (presumed) 16.6 million voters overreaching actions of the administration. last 2016. It should already have been utilized as a There is still no clear indication (save the rallying cry for opposition forces
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