Journal of Latin American Studies Journalof Journal of Latin American Latin American Studies

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Journal of Latin American Studies Journalof Journal of Latin American Latin American Studies 0022-216X Journal of Latin American Studies Journalof Journal of Latin American Latin American Studies volume 44 : part 1 : February 2012 Studies Articles volume 44 : part 1 : February 2012 1 ‘Land for Those Who Work It’: A Visual Analysis of Agrarian Reform Posters in Velasco’s Peru Anna Cant 39 Still Looking for Liberation? Lutherans in El Salvador and Nicaragua Richard M. Chapman 71 In the Absence of Men? Gender, Migration and Domestic Labour in the Southern Ecuadorean Andes Emma-Jayne Abbots 97 From Insurgent to Transgressive Citizenship: Housing, Social Movements and the Politics of Rights in São Paulo Lucy Earle 127 Judges without Robes and Judicial Voting in Contexts of Institutional Instability: The Case of Ecuador’s Constitutional Court, 1999–2007 volume 44 : part 1 February 2012 Santiago Basabe-Serrano 163 Book Reviews 227 Books Received Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal website at: journals.cambridge.org/las Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.36.133, on 04 Oct 2021 at 19:52:13, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X11001489 EDITORIAL BOARD NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS Edmund Amann Anthony McFarlane Editorial Policy University of Manchester University of Warwick Andrew Canessa Cathy McIlwaine The Journal of Latin American Studies is published four times a year, in February, May, August University of Essex Queen Mary, University of London and November. Its editorial offices are located at the Institute for the Study of the Paulo Drinot Rory M. Miller Americas, University of London. The editorial board comprises area studies specialists Institute for the Study of the Americas, University of Liverpool Management School based in the United Kingdom from all the principal social science disciplines, including University of London Kevin J. Middlebrook history. James Dunkerley Institute for the Study of the Americas, Queen Mary, University of London University of London The Journal aims to publish recent research in the field of Latin American studies in John Gledhill Maxine Molyneux economics, geography, politics, international relations, sociology, social anthropology and University of Manchester Institute for the Study of the Americas, history. Articles on literature and the arts are not normally included, but the editors are Andrew Hurrell University of London pleased to consider contributions in the field of intellectual and cultural history. Articles University of Oxford Leigh Payne with an interdisciplinary approach are particularly welcome. Gareth A. Jones University of Oxford LSE Diego Sánchez-Ancochea Sian Lazar University of Oxford Manuscript Submission University of Cambridge Fiona Wilson Articles submitted to the Journal should be original contributions. They should not be under Fiona Macaulay Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex consideration by another journal, nor have been published or be awaiting publication else- University of Bradford where. Translations of articles that have already been published will not be accepted. If an INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD author is publishing a closely related article elsewhere, this fact should be stated in a cover Journal Marianne Braig Pamela Graham note to the editors. Authors of articles published in the assign copyright to Institute of Latin American Studies, Berlin Columbia University Library Cambridge University Press (with certain rights reserved) and will receive a copyright Benedicte Bull Jonathan Hartlyn assignment form for signature on acceptance of their paper. University of Oslo University of North Carolina Articles should be between 10,000 and 12,000 words, including footnotes, tables etc. Catherine Conaghan Iván Jaksic The Journal is published in English, but articles may also be submitted in Spanish or Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario Stanford University, Santiago Portuguese for peer review; if accepted for publication, the responsibility for translating Marcos Cueto Kees Koonings articles rests with the author. The Journal ’s preference is that manuscripts should be Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro Utrecht University Diane Davis Sandra Kuntz Ficker submitted electronically as a Word document, with double spacing throughout and margins Massachusetts Institute of Technology Centro de Estudios Históricos, El Colegio de México of at least one inch all round. All pages must be numbered consecutively. In order to ensure Marshall C. Eakin Louise A. Pérez Jr. the anonymity of the reviewing process, care should be taken to ensure that any references Vanderbilt University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill which might identify the author are removed from the text. The title page should be Jonathan A. Fox Rachel Sieder separate from the main body of the text and include the author’s name, academic post and University of California, Santa Cruz CIESAS, Mexico City institutional affiliation, the title of the article, and brief acknowledgements. An abstract of Peter Fry Kristi Anne Stølen Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro no more than 100 words, together with a list of keywords, should appear at the beginning of University of Oslo the article. Norman Girvan Samuel Valenzuela Institute of International Relations, University of the University of Notre Dame The Journal publishes commissioned book reviews in each issue. Not all books received West Indies can be reviewed, and editorial policy gives preference to reviews of books regarded as being of major importance for the disciplines covered by the Journal. Unsolicited reviews cannot COPY EDITORS be considered. Kieran Macdonald, London; Mandy Macdonald, Aberdeen Contributors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce any material for EDITORIAL ADMINISTRATOR which they do not own copyright, to be used in both print and electronic media, and for Celia Barlow, Institute for the Study of the Americas, University of London ensuring that the appropriate acknowledgements are included in their manuscript. All editorial correspondence should be addressed to The Editors, Journal of Latin American SPANISH TRANSLATOR (ABSTRACTS) Studies, Institute for the Study of the Americas, University of London, Senate House, Malet Carlos Y. Flores, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Mexico Street, London WC1E 7HU, UK, or sent to [email protected]. PORTUGUESE TRANSLATOR (ABSTRACTS) Bruna Rocha, São Paulo Proofs Cambridge University Press Proofs of accepted articles will be sent to authors as pdf files for checking and correction of typesetting errors. Typographical or factual errors only may be changed at proof stage. The SUBSCRIPTIONS publisher reserves the right to charge authors for correction of non-typographical errors. The Journal of Latin American Studies (ISSN -X) is published four times a year with four parts forming a volume in February, May, August and November by Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Offprints Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8RU/Cambridge University Press, 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473. Single parts are £. net (US$ . in the US, Canada and Mexico) plus postage. The sub- Contributors will receive a pdf file of their article. scription price, which includes postage of volume (excluding VAT), is £. (US$ . in the US, Canada and Mexico) for institutions (print and electronic) and £. (US$ .) for individuals This issue has been printed on FSC-certified paper and cover board. FSC is an (print only) ordering direct from the publishers and certifying that the journal is for their personal use. independent, non-governmental, not-for-profit organisation established to promote the A special rate is available for students (£., US$ .). EU subscribers (outside the UK) who are not responsible management of the world’s forests. Please see www.fsc.org for information. registered for VAT should add VAT at their country’s rate. VAT-registered subscribers should provide their VAT registration number. Orders, which must be accompanied by payment, may be sent to a bookseller or to CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS the publishers: Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge , and, in the USA, Canada and Mexico, Cambridge University Press, Journals Fulfillment Department, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, New York –. Japanese prices for institutions are available from Avenue of the Americas, New York, –, USA Kinokuniya Company Ltd, P.O. Box , Chitose, Tokyo , Japan. Prices include delivery by air. Periodical postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailing offices. Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, , Australia POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Cambridge University Press, Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, C/Orense, 4, Planta 13 28020 Madrid, Spain New York –. Lower Ground Floor, Nautica Building, The Water Club, INTERNET ACCESS: This journal is included in the Cambridge Journals Online service, which can be found Beach Road, Granger Bay, 8 Cape Town, South Africa at www.journals.cambridge.org. For further information on other Press titles, access www.cambridge.org. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.36.133, on 04 Oct 2021 at 19:52:13, subject to the Cambridge Core Printed at the University Press, Cambridge, UK. terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X11001489 Journal of Latin American Studies VOLUME
Recommended publications
  • „Komaság” Kölcsönös Szívességek Rendszere a Chilei Városi Középosztályban (Larissa Adler Lomnitz)
    296 T ANULMÁNYOK AZ ANDOKRÓL „Komaság” Kölcsönös szívességek rendszere a chilei városi középosztályban (Larissa Adler Lomnitz) BARTHA ATTILA FORDÍTÁSA Bevezetés A „komaság” a chilei városi középosztály esetében olyan informális szerzôdéseket jelent, amelyek a barátság és különbözô szívességek kölcsönös megnyilvánulásaira épülnek; ez a jelenség természetesen nem keverendô össze a komaságnak is nevezett katolikus kereszt- szülôséggel. A kölcsönös szívességek rendszere a társadalmi távolság függvénye, ennél fogva a szubsztantív gazdaságantropológia elméleti keretei között taktikai szabályok, attitûdök, a résztvevôk és a szíves- ségek típusainak áttekintése révén értelmezhetô. Ebben a tanulmány- ban a „komaság” funkcióját a középosztály gazdasági és politikai szerepvállalásának történetében vizsgáljuk. Hipotézisünk szerint a „komasági” rendszerben való részvétel a chilei középosztályba tartozás alapvetô kritériuma. A chilei középosztály történeti szerepe jelentôsen eltér az európai középosztályokétól. A 19. századi Chilében lezajló gazdasági és po- litikai átalakulás – a nemzeti függetlenség kivívása és a kereskede- lem, valamint a bányászat kifejlôdése még az agrárgazdaság körül- ményei között – már az iparosodást megelôzôen megteremtette a középosztály hatalomra kerülésének feltételeit. Ez a középosztály késôbb, a csendes-óceáni háborút (1879–1883) követôen jutott meghatározó szerephez, amikor a gazdag északi salétrom és rézbányák Chiléhez kerültek. A salétrom világméretû K ULTURÁLIS ANTROPOLÓGIAI ÍRÁSOK 297 monopóliumának évtizedei a chilei
    [Show full text]
  • Crying 'Crying Wolf': How Misfires and Mexican Engineering Expertise Are
    Ethnos Journal of Anthropology ISSN: 0014-1844 (Print) 1469-588X (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/retn20 Crying ‘Crying Wolf’: How Misfires and Mexican Engineering Expertise are Made Meaningful Elizabeth Reddy To cite this article: Elizabeth Reddy (2019): Crying ‘Crying Wolf’: How Misfires and Mexican Engineering Expertise are Made Meaningful, Ethnos, DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2018.1561489 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2018.1561489 Published online: 14 Jan 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 72 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=retn20 ETHNOS https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2018.1561489 Crying ‘Crying Wolf’: How Misfires and Mexican Engineering Expertise are Made Meaningful Elizabeth Reddy Engineering, Design and Society, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA ABSTRACT On 28 July 2014, a smartphone app warned Mexicans of an earthquake that never came. Engineers took this misfire seriously, concerned that it might have a ‘cry wolf’ effect. They were concerned that people could lose confidence in the early warning system and then, the next time that alerts sounded before one of Mexico’s frequent and violent earthquakes, people might fail to take potentially life-saving action. In this article, I argue that these responses to the misfire reveal cries of ‘crying wolf’ as enactments and explorations of particular forms of responsibility integral to Mexican engineering subjectivities. KEYWORDS: Mexico; earthquake early warning; misfire; infrastructure; engineering; Introduction Just after noon on 28 July 2014, thousands of people in Mexico City rushed out of build- ings and into the streets, expecting an earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • Larissa Adler Lomnitz (1932-2019). Recordando Su Trayectoria Y Contribuciones a La Antropología Latinoamericana
    LARISSA ADLER LOMNITZ: UNA ANTROPÓLOGA LATINOAMERICANA 145 LARISSA ADLER LOMNITZ (1932-2019). RECORDANDO SU TRAYECTORIA Y CONTRIBUCIONES A LA ANTROPOLOGÍA LATINOAMERICANA El 13 de abril de 2019, con profundo pesar, los antropólogos latinoamericanos reci- bimos la noticia del fallecimiento de la doctora Larissa Adler Lomnitz (París, Fran- cia 1932-Ciudad de México, 2019). Con ese motivo, Antropología Americana rinde un homenaje en sus páginas a esta gran antropóloga latinoamericana. Larissa fue una destacada antropóloga social, formada en la Universidad de California en Berkeley y doctorada en la Universidad Iberoamericana de la Ciudad de México. Muy joven, se convirtió en una destacada investigadora, profesora y aca- démica del Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Fue investigadora emérita del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores y fundadora del Colegio de Etnólogos y Antropólogos Sociales, A.C. De nacionalidad chilena por matrimonio y mexicana por residencia, Larissa abrió brecha para el estudio de la marginalidad urbana, los sistemas de intercambio y reciprocidad entre los grupos marginados, el análisis de redes, entre otros muchos temas de interés antropológico. Hacer un recuento del legado de la antropóloga Larissa Adler Lomnitz es muy difícil, porque son variadas y numerosas sus contribuciones al desarrollo de la antro- pología. A ella le tocó abrir brecha en los estudios antropológicos en el medio ur- bano, en una época en que se pensaba que la disciplina antropológica debería enfocarse únicamente al estudio de las sociedades rurales y/o indígenas, dejando a la sociología el estudio de las sociedades modernas y urbanas. Como una manera de rendirle tributo, a continuación reproducimos un texto que preparó su amigo y colega, Guillermo de la Peña, titulado “Larissa Lomnitz, antropóloga latinoamericana”.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenneth-Roberts-Cv.Pdf
    CURRICULUM VITAE Kenneth M. Roberts, Richard J. Schwartz Professor of Government Cornell University, 203 White Hall Ithaca, NY 14853 [email protected] I. Academic Appointments and Affiliations A. Administrative Appointments Director, Latin American Studies Program, Cornell University, 2018-; Interim Co-Director, 2008/09 Interim Chair, Department of Government, Cornell University, 2018-19 Senior Associate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, 7/12-6/15 Robert S. Harrison Director, Institute for the Social Sciences, Cornell University, 1/09-6/12 Chair, Department of Political Science, University of New Mexico, 8/01-3/05 B. Faculty and Research Appointments Professor, 7/05-, Department of Government, Cornell University Fulbright Visiting Scholar, Instituto Carlos III-Juan March, Madrid, Spain, May-July 2018. Visiting Research Fellow, Centre on Social Movement Studies, Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence, Italy, Spring 2017. Greenleaf Distinguished Visiting Chair, Stone Center for Latin American Studies, Tulane University, Spring 2016. Associate Professor, 8/98-7/05, Dept. of Political Science, University of New Mexico Assistant Professor, 8/92-7/98 , Dept. of Political Science, University of New Mexico Doctoral Fellow, 9/90-6/92, Center for Latin American Studies, Stanford University Residential Fellow, 8/91-12/91, Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, Visiting Research Associate, 9/89-8/90, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Santiago, Chile Graduate Fellow, 1 /89-12/89, Stanford Center for Conflict and Negotiation, Stanford University. II. Education Ph.D., 1992, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, Political Science. Dissertation: "Dictatorship, Democracy, and the Evolution of the Left in Chile and Peru" (Directed by Richard Fagen, Terry Lynn Karl, and Philippe C.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropology and the City: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants?
    Working Paper Series No.21 Anthropology and the city: Standing on the shoulders of giants? Jones, G.A. & Rodgers, D. © Jones, G.A. & Rodgers, D. Centre for Urban Studies Working Paper July 2016 www.urbanstudies.uva.nl/workingpapers The CUS Working Paper Series is published electronically by the Centre for Urban Studies of the University of Amsterdam. Working papers are in draft form and copyright is held by the author or authors of each working paper. Papers may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Upon publication this version will be removed from our website and replaced by a direct link to the official publication. Editorial Committee CUS Working Paper Series Prof. Luca Bertolini Prof. Richard Ronald Prof. Justus Uitermark Dr. Wouter van Gent Dr. Rivke Jaffe Dr. Virgini Mamadouh Dr. Tuna Tasan Kok Dr. Floris Vermeulen Dr. Darshan Vigneswaran Centre for Urban Studies University of Amsterdam Plantage Muidergracht 14 1018 TV Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone: +31 20 525 4087 Fax: +31 20 525 4051 Website: urbanstudies.uva.nl Email: [email protected] The Centre for Urban Studies (CUS) houses the Urban Studies Research Priority Area, a strategic initiative of the University of Amsterdam. It brings together urban scholars in sociology, geography, planning, political science, economics, development studies and other disciplines. The Centre supports existing urban research programs and stimulates interdisciplinary collaborative projects. With 39 academic staff and over 60 PhD students, it is among the largest programmes of its kind in the world. The Centre works closely with both academic and non- academic partners and has developed a variety of institutional relations with other leading institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • SSRC Recommended Readings
    INTERNATIONAL PREDISSERTATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM 2001 FELLOWS’ CONFERENCE RECOMMENDED READINGS ON RESEARCH METHODS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Archival Research 2) Case Studies 3) Ethnographic Methods 4) Focus Group Research 5) Oral Histories 6) Quantitative Methods 7) Survey Research 8) Research Ethics 9) Miscellaneous page 1, reading list 1) ARCHIVAL RESEARCH Prefatory remarks For non-historians, archival research may seem like a standardized and transparent method of inquiry that is carried out mainly in libraries and special collections rooms. Even for some historically-oriented social scientists today, questions of “historiology” appear to be divorced from what they think historians do at and with “the archives.” But there are as many different kinds of archives as there are different agents and agencies— letter writers, households, firms, parties, unions, universities, states—that produce and save their own records. And, as with other critical sources and strategies for “reconstructing the past” and “detecting the future in the present,” we need to be reflective about the range of (mostly) unpublished and (but not always) eye-witness inventories that we use. Andrew Abbott, “History and Sociology: The Lost Synthesis,” Social Science History 15, 2 (1991). E.A. Alpers, “The Story of Swema: Female Vulnerability in 19th Century East Africa,” in Claire Robertson and Martin A. Klein, eds., Women and Slavery in Africa (Madison, 1983), pp. 185-219. Victoria Bonnell, “The Uses of Theory, Concepts and Comparison in Historical Sociology,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22, 2 (1990). Martin Chanock, “Making Customary Law: Men, Women, and Courts in Colonial Northern Rhodesia,” in Margaret Jean Hay and Marcia Wright, eds.
    [Show full text]
  • El Fondo De La Forma: Actos Publicos De La Campaña Presidencial Del Partido Revolucionario Institucional, Mexico, 1988
    EL FONDO DE LA FORMA: ACTOS PUBLICOS DE LA CAMPAÑA PRESIDENCIAL DEL PARTIDO REVOLUCIONARIO INSTITUCIONAL, MEXICO, 1988 Larissa Adler Lomnitz Claudio Lomnitz-Adler Ilya Adler Working Paper #135 - March 1990 Larissa Adler Lomnitz, anthropologist and researcher at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, is the author of numerous books and articles. Her works have focused on the reproduction of social classes in Latin America, concentrating especially on the “informal sector,” the middle classes, and Mexico’s bourgeoisie. Her books include Networks and Marginality (Academic Press) and A Mexican Elite Family (Princeton University Press). Claudio Lomnitz-Adler teaches in the Department of Anthropology at New York University. He is the author of Evolución de una sociedad rural (SEP/Fondo de Cultura Económica) and various articles on Mexican culture, politics, and anthropology. His most recent work on regional and national culture has just been completed for publication. Ilya Adler teaches communications at the University of Illinois in Chicago. He wrote his thesis on the relation between the government and the press in Mexico and has published a number of articles on this subject. This study was supported by the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, El Colegio de México, and the Tinker Foundation. The authors are grateful for helpful comments from Roberto DaMatta, Ilán Semo, Guillermo de la Peña, and Karen Kovacs. They also gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions of Grisel Castro and María del Carmen Hernández Beltrán to the field work and bibliographic research. Finally, they thank the Partido Revolucionario Institucional without whose cooperation the field work for this study would have not been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Class Relations, Social Mobility, and Self-Care in Mexico City by Andrea
    Yoga’s Dis/Union: Class Relations, Social Mobility, and Self-Care in Mexico City By Andrea Maldonado B. A., Colgate University, 1997 A. M., Brown University, 2007 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2014 © Copyright 2014 by Andrea Maldonado This dissertation by Andrea Maldonado is accepted in its present form by the Department of Anthropology as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date_______________ ______________________________________ Daniel J. Smith, Advisor Date_______________ ______________________________________ Matthew C. Gutmann, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_______________ ______________________________________ Kay B. Warren, Reader Date_______________ ______________________________________ Alyshia Gálvez, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date_______________ ______________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Andrea Maldonado Brown University, Department of Anthropology, Box 1921 Providence, Rhode Island 02912 [email protected] EDUCATION Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Ph.D. in Anthropology May 2014 Dissertation: Yoga’s Dis/Union: Class Relations, Social Mobility, and Self-Care in Mexico City Preliminary Examination Fields: Medical Anthropology, Anthropology of Consumption, and Anthropology of Urban Latin America Committee: Drs. Daniel
    [Show full text]
  • Redes Sociales, Cultura Y Poder. 2012 Larissa Adler-Lomnitz
    Derechos reservados ENSAYOS DE ANTROPOLOGÍA LATINOAMERICANA Larissa Adler Lomnitz © Flacso México Derechos reservados A la memoria de Jorge (1954-1993), noble, tierno y brillante, de quien tuve el privilegio de ser su madre. © Flacso México Índice Portada Portada interior Legal Dedicatoria PRESENTACIÓN Guillermo de la Peña CAPÍTULO I "EL COMPADRAZGO", RECIPROCIDAD DE FAVORES EN LA CLASE MEDIA URBANA DE CHILE CAPÍTULO II SUPERVIVENCIA EN UNA BARRIADA EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO CAPÍTULO III MECANISMO DE ARTICULACIÓN ENTRE EL SECTOR INFORMAL Y EL SECTOR FORMAL URBANO CAPÍTULO IV REDES INFORMALES DE INTERCAMBIO EN SISTEMAS FORMALES: UN MODELO TEÓRICO CAPÍTULO V LA ANTROPOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA EN LA UNAM CAPÍTULO VI LOS ORÍGENES DE LA BURGUESÍA INDUSTRIAL EN MÉXICO. EL CASO DE UNA FAMILIA EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO CAPÍTULO VII LAS RELACIONES HORIZONTALES Y VERTICALES EN LA ESTRUCTURA SOCIAL URBANA DE MÉXICO CAPÍTULO VIII EL FONDO DE LA FORMA: LA CAMPAÑA PRESIDENCIAL DEL PRI EN 1988 CAPÍTULO IX IDENTIDAD NACIONAL/CULTURA POLÍTICA: LOS CASOS DE CHILE Y MÉXICO e-colofón Derechos reservados PRESENTACIÓN Larissa Adler Lomnitz, antropóloga latinoamericana En 1971, un ensayo aparecido en las memorias de un simposio norteamericano sobre antropología económica llamó poderosamente la atención de los estudiosos de la realidad social de América Latina.[1] El trabajo parecía innovador –y lo era– por varias razones. En primer lugar, aplicaba las herramientas antropológicas al análisis de un grupo “moderno”: la clase media urbana chilena. En segundo lugar, revelaba la existencia de un sistema de normas culturales que surgía de los intercambios de favores, comúnmente conocidos como compadrazgo. Este compadrazgo, aunque inspirado en la benevolencia que debe informar las relaciones entre los compadres del ritual católico, no exigía ninguna formalización ni alusión religiosa: simplemente implicaba la voluntad de establecer vínculos de ayuda recíproca, cuidadosamente manejados y dosificados.
    [Show full text]
  • "Una Etapa Siempre Difícil": Concepts of Adolescence and Secondary
    "Una etapa siempre dificil": Concepts of Adolescence and Secondary Education in Mexico BRADLEY A. LEVINSON The concept of adolescence as a unique and difficult stage in the human life-course has itself followed a turbulent historical path. Although the term occasionally appeared in European texts from the medieval period,' it was the U.S. psychologist G. Stanley Hall who in the late 1800s advanced the first "scientific" account of puberty's specific psychological entailments, which contributed to the more common and modern usage of "adolescence" we know today. Joseph Kett documents the influence of Hall's work at the turn of this century, and provides an intimate social history of the various groups in U.S. society that attempted to create institutions specifically attending to adolescent needs (i.e., Boy Scouts, the high school, etc.).2 In the United States and Europe, the concept of adolescence has since become thoroughly enmeshed in both popular and expert discourses on the behavior of youth, prompting Ari's to call this the "century" of adolescence.3 Academic jour- nals and institutes, based primarily in departments of education and psy- chology, devote themselves entirely to the study of adolescence, while talk shows, books, and magazines communicate proverbial gems of wisdom to EDITORIAL NOTE.-This article was accepted under the previous editorship. Over the years, I have learned a great deal about the Mexican secundaria from Rafael Quiroz and Etelvina Sandoval. I have learned even more about the Mexican educational system from Elsie Rockwell, Ruth Mercado, Justa Ezpeleta, Maria de Ibarrola, Maria Bertely, Olac Fuentes, and Gabriela Delgado.
    [Show full text]
  • Larissa Adler Lomnitz) Jelent Is Politikai Szerepe Volt Mint a Fels I Osztály (Földbirtokosok, Iparmágnások, Bankárok És Üzletemberek) És a Munkásság Közötti
    234 Tanulmányok az Andokról privilégiumainak a véd ıbástyája lett, s törekvései els ısorban az „Komaság”. Kölcsönös szívességek rendszere a chilei adminisztratív hatalom el ınyeinek meg ırzésére irányultak. E csoportnak városi középosztályban (Larissa Adler Lomnitz) jelent ıs politikai szerepe volt mint a fels ı osztály (földbirtokosok, iparmágnások, bankárok és üzletemberek) és a munkásság közötti közvetít ınek (Petras 1970: 123; Vega 1950: 90–91; Ruiz et al. 1961: 16– Bartha Attila fordítása 17). Kikb ıl áll az a társadalmi csoport, amely „a chilei középosztályként” BEVEZETÉS definiálja magát? Gazdasági néz ıpontból azokat sorolhatjuk ide, akik közalkalmazottként dolgoznak, vagyis általában mindazokat, akik nem A „komaság” a chilei városi középosztály esetében olyan informális végeznek fizikai munkát, és nem tulajdonosai a termel ıeszközöknek sem. szerz ıdéseket jelent, amelyek a barátság és különböz ı szívességek E meghatározás értelmében a kés ıbb részletesen tárgyalandó periferiális kölcsönös megnyilvánulásaira épülnek; ez a jelenség természetesen nem csoportokat is beleértve, 1958-ban Santiago lakosságának 45 százaléka keverend ı össze a komaságnak is nevezett katolikus keresztszül ıséggel. A tartozott a középosztályhoz. Kulturális néz ıpontból tekintve a chilei kölcsönös szívességek rendszere a társadalmi távolság függvénye, ennél középosztály tagjait tipikusan az alábbi tulajdonságjegyek jellemzik: fogva a szubsztantív gazdaságantropológia elméleti keretei között taktikai szabályok, attit ődök, a résztvev ık és a szívességek típusainak
    [Show full text]
  • Previous Foster Lectures
    Previous Foster Lectures Spring 2019 A House of Mirrors: Migration and its Reflections Dr. Jeffrey H. Cohen Professor of Anthropology, Department of Anthropology College of the Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University Spring 2018 Social Movements, Social Justice and Engaged Scholarship in Interesting Times Dr. Leith Mullings Distinguished Professor Emerita Graduate Center, City University of New York Spring 2017 The Twenty-first Century Silk Road: China and Italy in the Transnational Fashion Industry Dr. Lisa Rofel Professor of Anthropology University of California at Santa Cruz Spring 2016 From Public Health to Surplus Health: Maximizing Medical Markets Dr. Joseph Dumit Director, Institute for Social Science and Professor University of California at Davis Spring 2015 Confessions of an Accidental College President: Standing by as Public Higher Education Stumbles into the Future Dr. Kendall Blanchard Retired President George Southwestern State University Spring 2014 Spatializing Culture: The Emergence of Translocal Space from Transnational Flows of People, Culture and Capital Dr. Setha Low Professor and Director, Public Space Research Group, Graduate Center City University of New York Spring 2013 The Anatomy of a Cultural Syndrome: Cultural and Psychiatric Perspectives on Ataques de Nervios Dr. Peter Guarnaccia Professor, Department of Human Ecology and Investigator, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research Rutgers University Spring 2012 What is New About Immigration in the United States Dr. Nancy Foner Distinguished Professor of Sociology, Hunter College and Graduate Center City University of New York Spring 2011 The Inevitability of Infidelity: Love, Marriage, and HIV Dr. Jennifer S. Hirsch Associate Professor and Deputy Chair for Doctoral Studies, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University Spring 2010 Symbolism and Ritual in Mexican Politics Dr.
    [Show full text]