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Indian Archaeology 1991-92 a Review

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Indian Archaeology 1991-92 a Review INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1991-92 — A REVIEW EDITED BY B.P. Singh Secretary Department of Culture & Director General Archaeological Survey of India PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA JANPATH, NEW DELHI 1996 Adam: 1, view of excavation; 2-3, bone comb (obv. & rev), Period V 1996 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price : Rs. 384.00 PRINTED AT M/S BENGAL OFFSET WORKS, 335, KHAJOOR ROAD, NEW DELHI -110005 PREFACE The present issue of Indian Archaeology 1991-92 —A Review is being published after a gap of one full year, since the last issue appeared in June 1995. Despite requests made by my predecessors in the earlier issues of the Review, most contributors fail to send the material within the scheduled date specified, and many do not even conform to the established format and style. As a result, contributors have to be often reminded, which delay matters, and editing takes more time than is normally required. I would, therefore, again request all contributors of the Review, to send their material well in time, and as per format prescribed. I would also like to request my colleagues in the Survey in particular, to bear in mind the need for timely submission of their reports, while ensuring quality of content. On our part, we shall make every effort to clear the backlog of this important publication. I thank the State Governments and their respective Departments of Archaeology and Muse- ums, Universities and Research institutions, Museums containing archaeological collections located in different parts of the country, the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, and the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, and the different branches and circles of the Archaeological Survey of India who have contributed to the Review. The present issue of the Review contains information on a wide gamut of activities in the field of archaeology covering exploration and excavation, epigraphy, numismatics and treasure trove, architectural survey, radiocarbon dates, palaeobotanical and pollen-analytical studies, museums, preservation of monuments and archaeological sites, archaeological chemistry, archaeological gardens and also a brief account of the chemical cleaning and structural conservation and preservation of Angkor Vat, which was executed by the Survey during the period. While the present issue of the Review contains information on a wide sweep of archaeological activities in the country, I would like to mention in particular some of the important excavations included in the Review which are : (i) Taradih, Maner and Kolhua in Bihar; (ii) Padri, Pithad and the famous Harappan site of Dholavira in Gujarat; (iii) Anangpur and Kunal in Haryana; (iv) Hampi and Budihal in Karnataka; (v) Maihar in Madhya Pradesh; (vi) Adam, Shirkanda and Arambha in Maharashtra; (vii) Kanchipur in Manipur, (viii) Vadagokugiri in Meghalaya; (ix) Barabati fort, Lalitagiri, Golbai Sasan and Manamunda in Orissa; (x) Arikamedu in Pondicherry; and (xi) Jainal-Naula, Ladyura and Imlidih-Khurd in Uttar Pradesh. Several new inscriptions in Sanskrit and Dravidian languages, as well as in Arabic and Persian are also reported in the Review. Scholars and interested readers will, I am sure, find this an informative and useful edition of the Review. I would like to thank my colleagues B.M. Pande, Director, C. Dorje, Superintending Archaeologist and Arundhati Banerji, Deputy Superintending Archaeologist and the other staff in the Publication Section of the Survey for their efforts in bringing out this issue. B.P. Singh 9 September 1996 Director General CONTENTS PAGE I. Explorations and Excavations .................................... 1 Andhra Pradesh, 1; Bihar, 4; Delhi, 9; Goa, 16; Gujarat, 18; Haryana, 35; Karnataka, 39; Madhya Pradesh, 52; Maharashtra, 60; Manipur, 75; Meghalaya, 76; Nagaland, 82; Orissa, 83; Pondicherry, 89; Punjab, 90; Rajasthan, 93; Tamil Nadu, 96; Tripura, 97; Uttar Pradesh, 97; West Bengal, 111 II. Epigraphy ... ... ... ... ... 114 Sanskritic and Dravidic Inscriptions, 114 Andhra Pradesh, 114; Gujarat, 115; Karnataka, 115; Madhya Pradesh, 116; Maharashtra, 116; Rajasthan, 116; Tamil Nadu, 117; Uttar Pradesh, 118 Arabic and Persian Inscriptions,! 18 Andhra Pradesh, 118; Gujarat, 119; Orissa, 119; Rajasthan, 119; Uttar Pradesh, 119; West Bengal, 120 III. Numismatics and Treasure Trove... ... ... ... ... 121 Karnataka, 121; West Bengal, 122 IV. Other Important Discoveries ... ... ... ... ... 123 Andhra Pradesh, 123; Bihar, 125; Gujarat, 125; Himachal Pradesh, 125; Karnataka, 125; Kerala, 126; Madhya Pradesh, 126; Maharashtra, 127; Manipur, 127; Rajasthan, 127; Tamil Nadu, 128; Uttar Pradesh, 130; West Bengal, 132 V. Radiocarbon Dates ... ... ... ... ... 133 Arabian Sea, 133; Gujarat, 134; Himachal Pradesh, 135; Jammu and Kashmir, 135; Karnataka, 136; Madhya Pradesh, 136; Maharashtra, 137; Rajasthan, 138; Uttar Pradesh, 138 VI. Palaeobotanical and Pollen Analytical Investigations ... ... ... 139 Bihar, 139; Punjab, 139 VII. Museums ... ... ... ... ... 141 VIII. Architectural Survey ... ... ... ... ... 147 Temple Survey, Northern Region, 147; Temple Survey, Southern Region, 154 Building Survey, 154 IX. Preservation of Monuments ... ... ... ... ... 157 Monuments of National Importance, 157 Agra Circle, 157;Aurangabad Circle, 160; Bangalore Circle, 162; Bhopal Circle, 166; Bhubaneswar Circle, 170; Calcutta Circle, 172; Chandigarh Circle, 173; Delhi Circle, 174; Guwahati Circle, 175; Hyderabad Circle, 176; Jaipur Circle, 178; Lucknow Circle, 179; Madras Circle, 180; Mini Circle, Goa, 184; Mini Circle, Shimla, 185; Patna Circle, 186; Srinagar Circle, 186; Vadodara Circle, 187 Monuments Maintained by the States, 188 Andhra Pradesh, 188; Assam, 188; Delhi, 189; Karnataka, 189; Manipur, 190 X. Expedition Outside India ... ... ... ... ... 191 Preservation of Angkor Vat Temple, Siem Reap, Cambodia, 191 XL Archaeological Chemistry ... ... ... ... ... 197 Treatment of Monuments and Paintings, 197 Andhra Pradesh, 197; Assam, 197; Bihar, 198; Daman and Diu, 198; Delhi, 198; Goa, 199; Gujarat, 200; Haryana, 201; Himachal Pradesh, 202; Karnataka, 202; Kerala, 203; Madhya Pradesh, 204; Maharashtra, 205; Orissa, 206; Pondicherry, 207; Rajasthan, 207; Tamil Nadu, 207; Uttar Pradesh, 209 Treatment of Excavated Objects and Museum Exhibits, 210 Research and Analysis, 211 XII. Archaeological Gardens ... ... ... ... ... 214 Andhra Pradesh, 214; Jammu and Kashmir, 214; Karnataka, 214; Rajasthan, 214; Orissa, 214; Tamil Nadu, 214; Uttar Pradesh, 215 XIII. Publications ... ... ... ... ... 216 Publications of the Survey, 216 Other Publications, 216 INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1991-92 —A REVIEW I. EXPLORATIONS AND EXCAVATIONS ANDHRA PRADESH 1. EXPLORATION AT PENNER, DISTRICTS CHITTOOR AND NELLORE.— G. Kamalakar of Birla Archaeological & Cultural Research Institute, Hyderabad, and his team explored parts of Nellore and Chittoor districts. The exploration was undertaken with the objective of identifying fossil strands in the Pulicat lake area and correlating them with the fluvial deposits and cliff sections of the Penner river. The Pulicat lake area with extensive plantation beyond its western shore and distantly overlooked by the Satyavedu, Nagari and Nagalapuram hills is ideally suited for fossil marine strands. An extensive (+8 m) strand was identified between Thada and Nayudupet, along the National Highway No. 5. An older strand 20 m high above the MSL was observed on the route to Satyavedu between Bathulavallam and Thageli. Both the strands are now lateritised the 20 m strand to vermiform and the 8 m high strand to pisolithic from Thageli to Rallakuppam. There is a steady rise of land level appearing as if they were eroded terraces. 2. EXCAVATIONS AT GUDISALA, DISTRICT KARIMNAGAR.— The Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh, unearthed a temple-complex, foundation of an enclosure wall, gateway and a revetment wall of a pushkarini at Gudisala, situated about 30 km away from the Warangal-Karimnagar highway. 3. EXPLORATIONS IN DISTRICT MAHBOOBNAGAR.—- D.R. Raju and N. Chandramouli of Telugu University, Srisailam, in the course of explorations in the Amrabad region of district Mahboobnagar discovered the Lower Palaeolithic sites at Motukuruva Vagu, Desamkuruva Vagu, Selamala Vagu, Bondakuruva Vagu, Padra, Kondavanipalli Tanda, Rayalagandi Tanda and Vankeswaram. Motukuruva Vagu (MKV) (16° 21' 47" N; 78° 49' 55" E; 600 m AMSL) is 1 -5 km south of Amrabad at the foothills about 2 km east-north-east of Desamkuruva Vagu. A hill stream coming from the hill ranges at Amrabad, which flows into Mandavagu has cut across the granitic bedrock which is weathered. The artefacts are washed down from the granitic surface into the bed of the nullah which is 1 m to 2 m wide. Overlying the granitic bed rock there is 50 cm to 1 m thick red earth and at times consolidated calcium carbonate nodules. The artefacts from this site include handaxes, cleavers, cores, bifacial and unifacial points, scrapers both simple and levalloisian flakes, quartzite cobbles, pebbles, chunks and blocks of stones. The site extends right from the foot hills into the cultivated fields and measures about 1 km x 1 km but the artefacts are scattered in the cultivated fields far beyond the nullah. INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 991-92 ~A REVIEW Desamkuruva Vagu (DKV), 16° 21' 21" N; 78° 49' 03" E; 600 m AMSL), is about 1 km from Selamalavagu (SLV) located 2 km (aerial distance) south of the Mannanur-Amrabad route and about 3 km south-west of Amrabad. A few small freshets criss-cross
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