Of Ancient and Medieval Names
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Medieval Western Philosophy: the European Emergence
Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series I, Culture and Values, Volume 9 History of Western Philosophy by George F. McLean and Patrick J. Aspell Medieval Western Philosophy: The European Emergence By Patrick J. Aspell The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy 1 Copyright © 1999 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Gibbons Hall B-20 620 Michigan Avenue, NE Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Aspell, Patrick, J. Medieval western philosophy: the European emergence / Patrick J. Aspell. p.cm. — (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series I. Culture and values ; vol. 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Philosophy, Medieval. I. Title. III. Series. B721.A87 1997 97-20069 320.9171’7’090495—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-56518-094-1 (pbk.) 2 Table of Contents Chronology of Events and Persons Significant in and beyond the History of Medieval Europe Preface xiii Part One: The Origins of Medieval Philosophy 1 Chapter I. Augustine: The Lover of Truth 5 Chapter II. Universals According to Boethius, Peter Abelard, and Other Dialecticians 57 Chapter III. Christian Neoplatoists: John Scotus Erigena and Anselm of Canterbury 73 Part Two: The Maturity of Medieval Philosophy Chronology 97 Chapter IV. Bonaventure: Philosopher of the Exemplar 101 Chapter V. Thomas Aquinas: Philosopher of the Existential Act 155 Part Three: Critical Reflection And Reconstruction 237 Chapter VI. John Duns Scotus: Metaphysician of Essence 243 Chapter -
Peter Thomas Geach, 1916–2013
PETER GEACH Peter Thomas Geach 1916–2013 PETER GEACH was born on 29 March 1916 at 41, Royal Avenue, Chelsea. He was the son of George Hender Geach, a Cambridge graduate working in the Indian Educational Service (IES), who later taught philosophy at Lahore. George Geach was married to Eleonore Sgnonina, the daughter of a Polish civil engineer who had emigrated to England. The marriage was not a happy one: after a brief period in India Eleonore returned to England to give birth and never returned to her husband. Peter Geach’s first few years were spent in the house of his Polish grandparents in Cardiff, but at the age of four his father had him made the ward of a former nanny of his own, an elderly nonconformist lady named Miss Tarr. When Peter’s mother tried to visit him, Miss Tarr warned him that a dangerous mad woman was coming, so that he cowered away from her when she tried to embrace him. As she departed she threw a brick through a window, and from that point there was no further contact between mother and son. When he was eight years old he became a boarder at Llandaff Cathedral School. Soon afterwards his father was invalided out of the IES and took charge of his education. To the surprise of his Llandaff housemaster, Peter won a scholarship to Clifton College, Bristol. Geach père had learnt moral sciences at Trinity College Cambridge from Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore, and he inducted his son into the delights of philosophy from an early age. -
The Logic of Where and While in the 13Th and 14Th Centuries
The Logic of Where and While in the 13th and 14th Centuries Sara L. Uckelman Department of Philosophy, Durham University Abstract Medieval analyses of molecular propositions include many non-truthfunctional con- nectives in addition to the standard modern binary connectives (conjunction, dis- junction, and conditional). Two types of non-truthfunctional molecular propositions considered by a number of 13th- and 14th-century authors are temporal and local propositions, which combine atomic propositions with ‘while’ and ‘where’. Despite modern interest in the historical roots of temporal and tense logic, medieval analy- ses of ‘while’ propositions are rarely discussed in modern literature, and analyses of ‘where’ propositions are almost completely overlooked. In this paper we introduce 13th- and 14th-century views on temporal and local propositions, and connect the medieval theories with modern temporal and spatial counterparts. Keywords: Jean Buridan, Lambert of Auxerre, local propositions, Roger Bacon, temporal propositions, Walter Burley, William of Ockham 1 Introduction Modern propositional logicians are familiar with three kinds of compound propositions: Conjunctions, disjunctions, and conditionals. Thirteenth-century logicians were more liberal, admitting variously five, six, seven, or more types of compound propositions. In the middle of the 13th century, Lambert of Auxerre 1 in his Logic identified six types of ‘hypothetical’ (i.e., compound, as opposed to atomic ‘categorical’, i.e., subject-predicate, propositions) propo- sitions: the three familiar ones, plus causal, local, and temporal propositions [17, 99]. Another mid-13th century treatise, Roger Bacon’s Art and Science of Logic¶ , lists these six and adds expletive propositions (those which use the connective ‘however’), and other ones not explicitly classified such as “Socrates 1 The identity of the author of this text is not known for certain. -
THE INVESTIGATION INTO WILLIAM of OCKHAM in the Early 1320S
CHAPTER FIVE THE INVESTIGATION INTO WILLIAM OF OCKHAM In the early 1320s, William of Ockham found himself in diffi culty over his writings. He was investigated by his own order, and subsequently summoned to Avignon so that his writings could be examined for errors. While Ockham’s confl ict with the papacy is an important event in the history of medieval religion, much of it took place outside the confi nes of Oxford and England in general, and are therefore outside the general scope of this book. As a result, only the earliest develop- ments will be examined in detail here. William of Ockham and John Lutterell Ockham was born at Ockham in Surrey around 1287.1 He was received into the Franciscan order quite young, before he was 14, and most likely received his basic philosophical education at the Franciscan house at London. He was probably ordained as a subdeacon in Southwark in 1306, and was licensed to hear confessions by the bishop of Lincoln in 1318.2 Th ere is some possibility, but no evidence, that he studied briefl y at Paris; eventually he was sent to Oxford, where he lectured on the Sentences of Lombard from 1317 to 1319 (although it is possible that he lectured fi rst at London and then at Oxford in that period).3 He would have lectured on the Bible for a year starting in 1319. In 1321, he was appointed lecturer in philosophy at one of the Franciscan schools, most likely the London house. As a ‘formed bachelor’, he was waiting for his order to assign him the opportunity to proceed to the doctorate, but because the number of positions was limited and the waiting list substantial, as events turned out he never received that opportunity; consequently he was nicknamed ‘the 1 William Courtenay, “Ockham, William (c.1287–1347)”, in ODNB, 41:422–28; William Courtenay, Ockham and Ockhamism: Studies in the Dissemination and Impact of His Th ought, (Leiden, 2008), pp. -
The Opening of the Atlantic World: England's
THE OPENING OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD: ENGLAND’S TRANSATLANTIC INTERESTS DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII By LYDIA TOWNS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Texas at Arlington May, 2019 Arlington, Texas Supervising Committee: Imre Demhardt, Supervising Professor John Garrigus Kathryne Beebe Alan Gallay ABSTRACT THE OPENING OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD: ENGLAND’S TRANSATLANTIC INTERESTS DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII Lydia Towns, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2019 Supervising Professor: Imre Demhardt This dissertation explores the birth of the English Atlantic by looking at English activities and discussions of the Atlantic world from roughly 1481-1560. Rather than being disinterested in exploration during the reign of Henry VIII, this dissertation proves that the English were aware of what was happening in the Atlantic world through the transnational flow of information, imagined the potentials of the New World for both trade and colonization, and actively participated in the opening of transatlantic trade through transnational networks. To do this, the entirety of the Atlantic, all four continents, are considered and the English activity there analyzed. This dissertation uses a variety of methods, examining cartographic and literary interpretations and representations of the New World, familial ties, merchant networks, voyages of exploration and political and diplomatic material to explore my subject across the social strata of England, giving equal weight to common merchants’ and scholars’ perceptions of the Atlantic as I do to Henry VIII’s court. Through these varied methods, this dissertation proves that the creation of the British Atlantic was not state sponsored, like the Spanish Atlantic, but a transnational space inhabited and expanded by merchants, adventurers and the scholars who created imagined spaces for the English. -
The 100 Most Influential Philosophers of All Time 7 His Entire Existence in Those Terms
Published in 2010 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright © 2010 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2010 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services. For a listing of additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles, call toll free (800) 237-9932. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Brian Duignan: Senior Editor, Religion and Philosophy Rosen Educational Services Jeanne Nagle: Senior Editor Nelson Sa: Art Director Nicole Russo: Designer Introduction by Stephanie Watson Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The 100 most influential philosophers of all time / edited by Brian Duignan.—1st ed. p. cm.—(The Britannica guide to the world’s most influential people) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” Includes Index. ISBN 978-1-61530-057-0 (eBook) 1. Philosophy. 2. Philosophers. I. Duignan, Brian. II. Title: One hundred most -
THE UNIVERSITY of HULL John De Da1derby
THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL John de Da1derby, Bishop 1300 of Lincoln, - 1320 being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Hull by Clifford Clubley, M. A. (Leeds) March, 1965 r' ý_ý ki "i tI / t , k, CONTENTS Page 1 Preface """ """ """ """ """ Early Life ... ... ... ... ... 2 11 The Bishop's Household ... ... ... ... Diocesan Administration ... ... ... ... 34 Churches 85 The Care of all the . ... ... ... Religious 119 Relations with the Orders. .. " ... Appendices, Dalderby's 188 A. Itinerary ... ... B. A Fragment of Dalderby's Ordination Register .. 210 C. Table of Appointments ... ... 224 ,ý. ý, " , ,' Abbreviations and Notes A. A. S. R. Reports of the Lincolnshire Associated architectural Archaeological Societies. and Cal. Calendar. C. C. R. Calendar of Close Rolls C. P. R. Calendar of Patent Rolls D&C. Dean and Chapter's Muniments E. H. R. English History Review J. E. H. Journal of Ecclesiastical History L. R. S. Lincoln Record Society O. H. S. Oxford Historical Society Reg. Register. Reg. Inst. Dalderby Dalderby's Register of Institutions, also known as Bishopts Register No. II. Reg. Mem. Dalderby Dalderby's Register of Memoranda, or Bishop's Register No. III. The folios of the Memoranda Register were originally numbered in Roman numerals but other manuscripts were inserted Notes, continued when the register was bound and the whole volume renumbered in pencil. This latter numeration is used in the references given in this study. The Vetus Repertorium to which reference is made in the text is a small book of Memoranda concerning the diocese of Lincoln in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. The original is in the Cambridge University Library, No. -
William of Sherwood, Singular Propositions and the Hexagon of Opposition
William of Sherwood, Singular Propositions and the Hexagon of Opposition Yurii Khomskii∗ Institute of Logic, Language and Computation [email protected] February 15, 2011 Abstract In Aristotelian logic, the predominant view has always been that there are only two kinds of quantities: universal and particular. For this reason, philosophers have struggled with singular propositions (e.g., \Socrates is running"). One modern approach to this problem, as first proposed in 1955 by Tadeusz Cze_zowski, is to extend the traditional Square of Opposition to a Hexagon of Opposition. We note that the medieval author William of Sherwood developed a similar theory of singular propositions, much earlier than Cze_zowski, and that it is not impossible that the Hexagon itself could have been present in Sherwood's writings. 1 Introduction In traditional Aristotelian logic, the predominant view has always been that there are only two kinds of quantities: universal and particular. In accordance, the four proposition types which figure in the classical theory of syllogisms are the universal affirmative (\Every man is running"), universal negative (\No man is running"), particular affirmative (\Some man is running") and particular negative (\Some man is not running"). We will abbreviate these by UA; UN; PA and PN, respectively. When two propositions share both the subject term and the predicate, they are related to one another in one of the following ways: con- tradictory, contrary, subcontrary or subalternate. This doctrine has frequently been represented by the Square of Opposition, as in Figure 1 below. ∗The author is supported by a Mosaic grant (no: 017.004.066) by the Netherlands Organ- isation for Scientific Research (NWO). -
Aristotle's Theory of the Assertoric Syllogism
Aristotle’s Theory of the Assertoric Syllogism Stephen Read June 19, 2017 Abstract Although the theory of the assertoric syllogism was Aristotle’s great invention, one which dominated logical theory for the succeeding two millenia, accounts of the syllogism evolved and changed over that time. Indeed, in the twentieth century, doctrines were attributed to Aristotle which lost sight of what Aristotle intended. One of these mistaken doctrines was the very form of the syllogism: that a syllogism consists of three propositions containing three terms arranged in four figures. Yet another was that a syllogism is a conditional proposition deduced from a set of axioms. There is even unclarity about what the basis of syllogistic validity consists in. Returning to Aristotle’s text, and reading it in the light of commentary from late antiquity and the middle ages, we find a coherent and precise theory which shows all these claims to be based on a misunderstanding and misreading. 1 What is a Syllogism? Aristotle’s theory of the assertoric, or categorical, syllogism dominated much of logical theory for the succeeding two millenia. But as logical theory de- veloped, its connection with Aristotle because more tenuous, and doctrines and intentions were attributed to him which are not true to what he actually wrote. Looking at the text of the Analytics, we find a much more coherent theory than some more recent accounts would suggest.1 Robin Smith (2017, §3.2) rightly observes that the prevailing view of the syllogism in modern logic is of three subject-predicate propositions, two premises and a conclusion, whether or not the conclusion follows from the premises. -
A Thesis Submitted in Conformity with the Requirernents University Of
WILLIAM OF OCKEfAM' S THEORY OF CONSCIENCE Sharon Marie Kaye A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirernents for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Philosophy University of Toronto O Copyright by Sharon Marie Kaye 1997 National Library Bibliothéque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington OttawaON K1AON4 Omwa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence ailowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sen reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de rnicrofiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheMrise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. WILLIAM CONSCIENCE Sharon Marie Kaye Doctor of Philosophy 1997 Graduate Department of Philosophy University of Toronto This work is designed to show that there is an implicit connection between Ockham's academic and political careers in his theory of conscience. Thomas Aquinas offers a theory of moral responsibility according to which the conscientious individual has knowledge of the rightness of her act which does not preclude her doing otherwise. -
Modalities and Scope in Scholastic Logic from a Linguistic Point of View
Acta Linguistica Hafniensia International Journal of Linguistics ISSN: 0374-0463 (Print) 1949-0763 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/salh20 Modalities and scope in scholastic logic from a linguistic point of view María-Luisa Rivero To cite this article: María-Luisa Rivero (1974) Modalities and scope in scholastic logic from a linguistic point of view, Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, 15:2, 133-152, DOI: 10.1080/03740463.1974.10415433 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.1974.10415433 Published online: 08 Dec 2011. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 7 View related articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=salh20 Download by: [University of Ottawa] Date: 07 December 2016, At: 11:32 MODALITIES AND SCOPE IN SCHOLASTIC LOGIC FROM A LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW by MARIA-LUISA RIVERO University of Ottawa Introduction.* The discovery and the introduction of the works of Aristotle into Europe had a very deep effect in the scholarly life of the Middle Ages. As it is well known, there existed already an Aristotelian tradition based on the translations of the Roman Boethius (480-525), the logica vetus (old logic). However, the rediscovery of the late works of Aristotle in the XII century, the logica nova, was going to mark the beginning of very important achieve ments in all branches of philosophy in the wide sense of the word.1 The evolution of Medieval thought is usually divided into three periods: a transitional period which ends more or less with the Parisian Peter Abelard (1079-1142); a creative period beginning with the introduction of the new translations of Aristotle, extending from 1150 to the end of the XIII century; and finally, a period of elaboration, beginning with William of Ockham (ob. -
The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy Kinds Of
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 03 Oct 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy Richard Cross, JT Paasch Kinds of Argument Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315709604-5 Sara L. Uckelman Published online on: 13 Jan 2021 How to cite :- Sara L. Uckelman. 13 Jan 2021, Kinds of Argument from: The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy Routledge Accessed on: 03 Oct 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315709604-5 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 3 KINDS OF ARGUMENT Sara L. Uckelman Introduction The central methodology in western philosophy from the ancient Greeks until the present day is argumentation. Faced with someone who doesn’t hold the same philosophical views as you do, the most expedient way to “convert” them is to give them a good argument for doing so.