Intellectual Topographies Making of Citizenship
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
M. Laura Bettencourt Pires Helena Goçalves da Silva Inês Espada Vieira Helena Gonçalves da Silva is Associate Professor of German Literature and Culture Studies Estudos de at the Faculty of Arts, Universidade Comunicação de Lisboa. She holds a Ph.D. in German e Cultura The vertiginous transformation of the Literature from London University. Cultura e Conflito She is also researcher and member worldwide cultural situation, the many of the Scientific Board of the Research Títulos publicados: competing value systems and beliefs, Center for Communication and Culture radical pluralism, and the reliance of modern (CECC). She has published extensively Do Jornalismo aos Media structures on the science and technology on German literature and culture, edited Rogério Santos and co-edited books on the image governing the entire knowledge industry and and the Making of CitizenshipIntellectual Topographies of the metropolis in literature and informational system all suggest intellectuals on European memory such as Conflict, Poesias de Ossian now serve as mere “interpreters” or as Memory Transfers and the Reshaping Gerald Bär technocrats, “real-time” opinion-makers of Europe (2010). with media stars increasingly taking Intellectual Topographies Proximidade e Distância Maria Laura Bettencourt Pires centre-stage in key areas of public life and in Mario Franco | Bernd Sieberg is Full Professor and Director of the the production apparatus. on-line journal Gaudium Scientia and the Making of Citizenship of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa A Cultura Portuguesa no Divã Does this mean we are confronted with a Scientific Society. She has lectured at Isabel Capeloa Gil | Adriana Martins culture that has failed to establish an effective the following universities: Nova; Aberta; connection between intellectual work Georgetown and Brown. Publications Formas de Ver e Dizer and the politics of local and transnational Helena Gonçalves da Silva include, among others: Portuguese Filomena Viana Guarda citizenship? How does the post-modern Maria Laura Bettencourt Pires Public Intellectuals - The Disquieting Muses (2011); University Teaching-From status of intellectuals differ from that of their Inês Espada Vieira Crisis to Innovation (2007), Cultural forerunners? How can public-intellectual Theory (2004, 2007), Essays-Notes activities be improved? and Reflections (2000), American These are some of the issues the authors of Culture and Society (1997), William Beckford and Portugal (1987). this book address from different standpoints. By capturing and expanding on some of Inês Espada Vieira is a lecturer at the trends that the history of intellectuals, the Faculty of Human Sciences and the history of ideas, politics, sociology, a researcher at CECC, Universidade Católica Portuguesa. She holds anthropology, African-American studies a PhD in Culture Studies from the same and Native-American studies have been university. She obtained an M.A. in exploring, this book will prove of interest to Comparative Literature at Universidade students and professionals in those areas. Nova de Lisboa. She was the executive coordinator of the Portuguese presence as guest country in Spain’s 2002 LIBER Book Fair in Barcelona. She has published articles and co-edited books on Portuguese literature and culture and on the Spanish writer Gonzalo Torrente Universidade Católica Editora Ballester. Intellectual Topographies and the Making of Citizenship Catalogação recomendada INTELLECTUAL TOPOGRAPHIES AND THE MAKING OF CITIZENSHIP Intellectual topographies and the making of citizenship / coord. [de] Helena Gonçalves da Silva, Maria Laura Bettencourt Pires, Inês Espada Vieira. – Lisboa: Universidade Católica Editora, 2011. – 344 p. ; 23 cm (Estudos de comunicação e cultura. Cultura e conflito) ISBN XXXXXXXXXXXXX I – SILVA, Helena Gonçalves da, coord. II – PIRES, Maria Laura Bettencourt, coord. III – VIEIRA, Inês Espada, coord. CDU 316.48 316.42:321.6 316.72 © Universidade Católica Editora | Lisboa 2011 Edição: Universidade Católica Editora, Unipessoal Composição Gráfica: Europress, Lda. Impressão e acabamentos: Europress, Lda. Depósito Legal: ISBN: Universidade Católica Editora Palma de Cima – 1649 ‑023 Lisboa tel. (351) 217 214 020 | fax. (351) 217 214 029 www.uceditora.ucp.pt | [email protected] Este trabalho é financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia no âmbito do projecto PTDC/ELT/64834/2006 Intellectual Topographies and the Making of Citizenship coordenação Helena Gonçalves da Silva Maria Laura Bettencourt Pires Inês Espada Vieira Universidade Católica Editora Contents Acknowledgements 9 Introduction 11 Helena Gonçalves da Silva I – The Intellectual and the Postmodern World The Myths of the End or the Unperceivable Dislocation from Saying to Showing 19 João Barrento Deconstructing Expectations: on the Wire between Ivory Towers and Nutshells 41 Teresa Cadete Intellectuals and the Media 55 Rita Figueiras From a Culture of Separation to a Separation of Cultures: and now? 67 João Caraça The Last Paradigm? Deliberate Visions on a Sustainable World 69 Gaston Meskens Strategic Intellectual Commitment for the Global System 97 Helena Gonçalves da Silva II – Intellectual Commitment, Identity and Citizenship The Ordeal of Citizenship in the Era of Digitalization 121 Molefi Kete Asante Withstanding the Right-wing Storm: the Current American (anti-) Intellectual Landscape and the Intellectual Contributions of Native American Studies 137 Tom Holm 6 Contents Public Intellectuals for a more Human Humanity: the Afrocentric Idea 147 Ana Monteiro-Ferreira Vargas Llosa. Two Cultures, Two Discourses: Differences between the Western Intellectual and El Hablador (The Storyteller) in Machiguenga Society 157 Klemens Detering Carey McWilliams, the Public Intellectual: Reflections on Citizenship and Culture 163 Maria José Canelo Pathways of Russian Intellectuals: Russia and the West 177 Vanda Amaro Dias The Making of Citizenship, the Digital Age, and the Information Highway 199 António Simões Matthew James Bellamy: an Example of a New Intellectual? 211 Nelson Nunes III- Intellectual Topographies in the Iberian Context Public Intellectualism and the Demise of the Portuguese Monarchy: the Ideological Roots of the Republican Victory of 1910 229 José Miguel Sardica Intellectuals and the Salazar era. Were there intellectuals in the Estado Novo? 259 Ana Paula Rias The Intellectual in Exile: Jorge de Sena in Portugal Democrático 281 Jorge Vaz de Carvalho Portuguese Women as Public Intellectuals 295 Maria Laura Bettencourt Pires Intellectuals and the Formation of Cultural Memory: Narrators of the Past, Constructors of Identity 315 Inês Espada Vieira Intellectual Topographies 7 The Desacato Culture. The Culture of Disobedience. 329 Jordi Gracia Notes on contributors 337 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the Research Centre for Communication and Cul- ture (CECC), the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the School for Human Sciences (FCH) of Universidade Católica Portuguesa for their logistic and financial support in organizing this volume. Our sin- cere thanks to all who offered their ideas to and support for this project, including Ana Fabíola Maurício, Scientific Assistant to the CECC. Introduction This book gathers together writings on the transformation of the intellec- tual and the challenges posed by citizenship against the backdrop of dis- mantling the Modernity project, the decline of Marxist ideology and the contradictory and competing value-systems of our times; it also includes several studies regarding the Portuguese and Spanish intelligentsia, parti- cularly in the context of dictatorial regimes and as an inherited framework for more recent intellectual topographies. The analysis they provide draws relevant implications for our understanding of the changes in the condi- tionings, nature and meaning of the intellectual’s function. The 20th century, characterized by omnipresent change and serious conflict, ended with the disintegration of one of the most powerful uni- versal utopias. The new millennium began with the violence of September 11 and all its subsequent political and social implications amidst financial deregulation and economic turmoil. Meanwhile, growing globalizing pres- sures, the vertiginous transformation of the worldwide cultural situation, and the reliance of modern structures on science and technology govern- ing the entire knowledge industry and informational system suggest that the technocratic or professionalized intellectual will increasingly occupy a dominant position not only in the production apparatus but in most areas of public life. We may refuse to endorse Adorno and Horkheimer’s views about the neutralization of critical thinking by a system of total domination, Virilio’s detection of lethal risks in technological development and Baudrillard’s remarks on the implosion of meaning. Nevertheless, we cannot fail to note the many restraints on intellectual autonomy in the form of technology, the commodification of social life and bureaucracy. Nor can we escape the impression that it is inevitable for today’s intellectuals to be progressively and organically integrated in institutionalized power relations where they are entrusted with providing expertise and decisions; mobilizing public opinion; or becoming just another voice in the global Babel of noises that definitely discards any possibility for promoting the sort of ideal speech envisaged by Jürgen Habermas. 12 Introduction In his article A Plea for Intellectuals