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Annals of Shawnee Methodist Mission and Indian Manual Labor School

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Annals of Shawnee Methodist Mission and Indian Manual Labor School METHODIST CENTER BY1805 C147Q 1939 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from Drew University with a grant from the American Theological Library Association http://www.archive.org/details/annalsofshawneem01cald ANNALS OF Shawnee Methodist Mission AND Indian Manual Labor School Compiled by MARTHA B. CALDWELL Published by The Kansas State Historical Society KIRKE MECHEM, Secretary Topeka, Kansas PRINTED BY KANSAS STATE PRINTING PLANT W. C. AUSTIN. State Printer TOPEKA 1939 18-711 MB.rt/aots' BY t*e>S Introduction NEARLY all the early missions in Kansas were a result of the removal of Eastern Indians into the territory, beginning about 1825. The most important is the one we now somewhat incorrectly call the Old Shawnee Mission, for there were also Baptist and Quaker missions among the Shawnees. It was a Methodist mission established in 1830 by the Rev. Thomas Johnson near Chouteau's trading post, not far from the present town of Turner in Wyandotte county. It became outstanding because of the Shawnee manual labor school organized with money received from the church and from the federal government. In 1839 Johnson began building on the present site in Johnson county, and the school became an establishment of two thousand acres, containing three large brick school buildings and thirteen smaller buildings, with an enrollment of nearly two hundred Indian boys and girls. For years it was an outpost of civilization on the "Western frontier. The Santa Fe and Oregon trails passed near its doors. Many of the great figures of the old West were entertained here. In 1854 it became the executive offices of the first governor of the territory of Kansas. The legislature convened here to pass the first territorial laws. It was the scene of many conflicts between Antislavery and Proslavery parties. During the Civil War the buildings were barracks for union troops and in 1861 a battle was fought across the mission fields. In 1862 the school was discontinued and the property fell into private hands. It was not until 1927, after several years of work by patriotic individuals and organizations, that the present site of twelve acres, including the three old brick buildings, was acquired by the state. It is now managed by the Kansas State Historical Society. with the following organizations in active cooperation: the Colonial Dames, the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Daughters of 1812, the Daughters of the American Colonists and the Shawnee Mission Indian Historical Society. This Annals is a condensation of a manuscript of four hundred and sixty-five pages compiled by Miss Martha Caldwell, a member of the staff of the Kansas State Historical Society. It is the result of fifteen months' research and represents the first attempt to bring together all available sources in a history of the mission. This com- memorative volume, with the cover design by Miss Margaret Whittemore, is issued in October, 1939, one hundred years after the erection of the first building on the site. Kieke Mechem. 183178 24W40M Annals of Shawnee Methodist Mission and Indian Manual Labor School 1825 March 3.—The President was authorized by congress to mark the Santa Fe trail from western Missouri to New Mexico. The sur- vey was started in the summer. November 7.—Treaty with the Shawnee Indians in Missouri. The Shawnees relinquished their land near Cape Girardeau and re- ceived for themselves and their nation living in Ohio a tract of land equal to fifty miles square west of the state of Missouri. —Francis and Cyprian Chouteau built a trading post on the south side of the Kansas river, near the present town of Muncie. 1826 —Gen. William Clark, superintendent of Indian affairs at St. Louis, wrote in his diary: "Mississippi & Missouri, both of them above their junction higher at this time, than they have been since the recollection of the oldest inhabitants. The Missouri has washed away, entirely, the trading establishment of a Mr. Cho- teau at the mouth of Kansas (or a little below)." 1827 May 8.—Cantonment Leavenworth was located by Col. Henry Leavenworth. July.—Colonel Leavenworth began erecting barracks for the cantonment. —Daniel Morgan Boone, son of Daniel Boone of Kentucky, ap- pointed farmer for the Kansas Indians, located on the Kansas river in present Jefferson county. 1828 April 23.—Steamboat Missouri left St. Louis for Cantonment Leavenworth with the Third regiment of United States troops. —The Fish or Jackson band of Shawnee Indians moved to their new reservation. With them came Frederick Chouteau who estab- lished a trading post on the Kansas river near the present town of Turner. [7] [1821 —This year William Johnson and Jerome C. Berryman were ad- mitted on trial by the Missouri conference of the Methodist Epis- copal church. Thomas Johnson was minister at Fishing River, Mo. 1829 September 10.—The Missouri conference held its fourteenth ses- sion at Potosi. Bishop Joshua Sonle, presiding. Thomas Johnson was assigned to the Buffalo charge, William Johnson to New Madrid, and Jerome C. Berryman to Hot Springs and Mount Prairie. 1830 July.—George Vashon, agent for the Shawnees, at the request of their chief, Fish, wrote to Jesse Greene, presiding elder of the Mis- souri district of the Methodist Episcopal church, asking that a mis- sionary lie sent to them. August 23.—Isaac McCoy addressed a council of Shawnees on the subject of establishing a Baptist mission. He wrote in his diary: "The Methodists have been talking of form- ing an establishment among them, but their project seems not likely to succeed. They have done nothing yet. Today more than twenty Shawanoes assembled in obedience to a call of Major [John] Campbell [sub- agent], to whom I made a pretty lengthy address on the subject of a mission being- established among them. My remarks were seconded by remarks from Maj. Campbell, ten-squa-ta-wa from [interpreter]. "The Prophet" and some Shane The celebrated Shawanoe prophet, who was so often heard of in the last war, and was brother to Tecumseh, replied briefly to me, approbating my doctrine. An answer in form from the tribe is deferred, until I return from my tour in the wilderness." September 7.—Thomas Johnson and Miss Sarah T. Davis of Clarksville, Mo., were married. September 16.—The Missouri conference of the Methodist Epis- copal church met at St. Louis, Mo. This conference organized a missionary society and projected four Indian missions. Thomas Johnson was appointed missionary to the Shawnee Indians and his brother William to the Kansas Indian tribe. 8] [1830] November 20.—McCoy wrote: "Messrs. McCallister [Alexander McAlister, presiding elder, Missouri district] & Johnson, Methodist preachers, arrived last night, They purpose establishing a school THE REV. THOMAS JOHNSON Thomas Johnson, 1802-1865, devoted much of his life to the affairs of Shawnee mission and the manual labor school. He had charge of the school from 1830 to 1841 and from 1847 to 1862. In 1855 and 1857 he served as president of the Kansas territorial council, which was the upper legislative body. <fec. among the Kanzas. They, or, some others of that society had been here previously. I knew nothing of their intentions until since I spoke to [M. G. ?] Clark [subagent] yesterday. They have, [9 [1830] also, a few days since, made proposals to the Shawanoes to furnish them with a school, &c. I told them that our society had made formal proposals to the Sec. War, a year and a half ago, to establish ;i mission among the Kanzas. Also, that I had spoken to the Shaw- anoes on my way up, & expected to receive their answer on my way down. But, I wished not to throw any obstacle in their way. They united in supposing there would be no disagreeing between them and us—manifested no solicitude about our propositions, and spoke with a good deal of confidence relative to carrying forward ." their propositions. November 22.—Isaac McCoy learned to his disappointment that the Fish band of the Shawnees had accepted the proposal of the Methodists for establishing a school. He wrote: "On the 22d of November I returned to this place, when Captain Cornstalk and Captain William Perry, chiefs, met me, to deliver the decision of the nation, which was favorable to the establishment of the school proposed. These chiefs, however, and most of the Shawanoes, con- sented to my propositions rather through courtesy, than on account of a desire really to enjoy the advantages of education. Like most Indians, not much advanced in civilization, they felt little desire for schools, and still less to hear preaching. With Fish and his party it was otherwise; they appreciated in a good degree the former, and were favorably inclined to the latter, and through them I had hoped that access could be successfully obtained to the main body of the nation. But unfortunately for my plan, wr hile I had been absent in the wilderness, the Reverend Mr. McAllister and the Rev- erend Thomas Johnson, of the Methodist denomination, visited the Shawanoes, and made similar propositions. The main body of the Shawanoes objected, 'because/ they said, 'they intended to accept the proposals I had made them.' The result, however, was an agree- ment that the Methodists should establish a school with Fish's party. In this matter I felt a disappointment which I could not remedy." November 27.—Two hundred dollars paid the Reverend Mc- Alister by the missionary society for expenses of establishing Shaw- nee Methodist mission. December 1.—Thomas Johnson was working among the Shawnees. The mission was on the wooded bluffs of the Kansas river about three-quarters of a mile southeast of the present town of Turner in what is now Wyandotte county.
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