I Panther Coal Company KOSI ANN, VIRf JNIA

Leckie Mines BLI'KI IKLD, WFSI \ IR(;iMA

• •••• HARGRAVE MILITARY ACADEMY ( '.11 AI IIAM. \'lK(.INIA ''The School Where Character Counts—Where Military M( aus Manhood!'' Hargravc is idrally located in a .small, coiiil- luJiisi'-town. in the liciilllilul I'icdinont foothills of southern Virginia. It is well-known for its good food, its frii iidlv faculty, and its courteous cadet corps. Academically, it is fully accredited by the Southern Association of (;olle,i4<'s and Si (oiidiii\ Schools. Its athh'tic teams are well-known and respected in this area. I'ull athletic participation to all interested cadets! The buildings are well e(|uipped ;md are of cin• der block-hrick, fire-resistant materials. Two of the main buildings have been built since 1950. Capacity, 300 boarding students. Enrollnn nt I'K'jS of 303. Boys accepted for .5th lluouuh I'ith urades. Sep• arate Junior School provided for boys in ( le- nu ntary grades. Kx( < llent results in Renu dial Rt adinu, at m» extra cost. A manly (;hii-«ti ri eiivironm* nt aiul emphasis is provided. For further information write, to CHATHAM. Viiu.ii I!ox V COLONKL JOSEPH H. COHBY • • • • • • * * • * * ^ • • * • AN INDEPENDENT PUBUCATION—FOUNDED 1878 TO TELL THE VIRGINIA STORY

CLIFFORD DOWDEY DONNA Y. LAURINO Editor Business Editor

JULIA GWIN AULT FRANCES GORDON Associate Editor Managing Editor

Published Monthly At Jht State Capital Copyright 1956 By By Virginia Publishers Wing. Inc. VIRGINIA RECORD EDITORIAI. OFFICES: 303 West Main Street "Second Class Mail Privileges Phones 7-2722—7-6717 Authorized at Richmond, Va." SUBSCRIPTION PER YEAR $4; TWO YEARS $7

Please address all mail to: VIRGINIA RECORD, P. O. Drawer 2-Y, Richmond 5, Va. (Aufenger Studios) VIRGINIA RECORD is an independent publication cooperating with all organizations that have for their ob• jectives the welfare and development of Virginia. While this publication carries authoritative articles and features on statewide and local industrial, business, governmenul and civic organizations, they are in no other As Christmas nears, it is a particu• respect responsible for the contents hereof. larly appropriate time to pay tribute to Virginia's Masons who play Santa Claus NUMBER TWELVE VOLUME LXVIIl DECEMBER 1956 36.^ days a year. Men of humility, tem• perance and j)urposeful generosity, they overtly care for the aged and the or• The Man Behind the Statue phaned children t)f their fraternity, but no one can know the comfort and joy N THE LEAD artlclc 111 tills issuc of Washington was self-conscious about I the VIRGINIA RECORD, there is his lacks and deeply self-aware in his they bring to the community in thou• a mention of George Washington having determination to improve. Much that sands of unsung ways. The gentleman been proposed as first Grand Master of seemed stern and even forbidding in above is the present Grand Master of the Masons in Virginia, though his that imposing facade, which he learned Virginia Masonry. He is Judge Willis duties in the Revokition made it im• to present to the world was protective V. Fentress of Norfolk. Stories by coloration for his shyness and the lone• possible for him to accept the honor. Fletcher Cox and Dr. James N. Hill- This great Virginian has been accorded liness of a generous, warm-hearted person who hungered for friendships. man, Grand Secretary, tell the purposes so many "firsts" that he has unfortu• and the long history of Masonry in the nately come across to us as lifeless as a But even his capacity for inspiring the most binding affection in a few has Old Dominion. figure in a pageant. "First in war, first been distorted by cliches so that the in peace, first in the hearts of his most fruitful friendship in American The cover photo by Frank Dementi, countrymen"—this is enough to de- history—his and Lafayette—reaches us Colonial Studios, shows St. John's liiinianize anybody. with none of the warmth and moving Cluirt h. Ri( hmond, which like Mason• Actually, he was by no means the qualities that characterized the relation• ry has a history inextricably bound with lust in war. As the richest planter in ship between the middle-aged Colonial tin liistory of our state and country. Virginia and strongly attached to Eng• planter and the young French noble• land, the ambitious man was a most man. reluctant rebel. Once he assumed the responsibilities, he wrote a friend that, Indeed, even the impetuous Marquis if he had known the conditions of the de la Fayette is himself seen as some Revolutionary movement, nothing on abstraction of the "Patriot" dedicated CONTENTS — earth would have induced him to accept selflessly to "liberty and equality." Christmas . . . "Handle With Care" . 4 the command. Nor was he a great mili• Nothing could be further from the Hv \ IRGINIA WALLER DA\ IS tary leader. George Washington was truth. When Lafayette impulsively came great in the character that was pro• to America, he was a good-looking and Viryinia Masonry 5 Hv DR. JAMES N. HILLMAN, duced by his class in Colonial Virginia, gallant eighteen-year-old darling of Grand Secretary and it was by this character that he fashionable Paris society. Knowing carried the half-hearted and ineptly nothing of the assertion of rights made Masonry in the Commonwealth ... 6 ()|)cratcd revolution on his back. In so by some distant American colonies, and By FLETCHER COX doing, he grew with every responsibility caring less, the romantic-minded boule- shouldered and every crisis met until, vardier was intrigued by an offer of Tom Garvin. Sculptor 10 at the end of the five-year struggle, he conmianding troops in a foreign war By G. WATSON JAMES, JR. had become the greatest man on the against hated England. Lafayette acted Virginia Business Review 13 continent. on such impulse that he left behind, a By WILLIAM BIEN The point of this heroic-sized Vir• pregnant wife, and took boat with a ginian is that his whole life was growth, iiastily gathered group of other young Mrs. Thomas Jefferson 15 and, quite the opposite from the im• French aristocrats who were to com• By MARY CLARK LITTELL pression of a figure as perfected and pose his "staff." unapproachable as a statue, the man (Continued on page 19)

DECEMBER 1956 PAGE THREE A (^HRISTIHitS ''Genuine Import, JL in: TINSKL-WRAPPED bundle delivered once each year for use on December 25th should be marked "Genuine Im• ports, Fragile, Handle With Care." Inside are all the traditions and gifts imported from strange lands and far away places that together make up the magic that is CHRISTMAS . . . Yule with Care" Logs and fragrant Evergreens, Carols and Candles, Sparkling trees and Santa Claus, Holly and the Holiest of days . . . fact, fiction and fantasy from Rome and Egypt, England and France, Ireland and Italy, Scandinavia and Switzer• land, Germany and Greece, Holland and, from the lit• tle Town of Bethlehem in Judea, the greatest gift of all, on a starlit night many centuries ago. They must be handled with care for some of these are very, very old and. easily shattered. Some can only be seen with the shining eyes of children, and all require handling by understanding hearts that none of their elusive qualities (known as "the Christmas spirit") be lost and that the whole picture of Christmas falls into place: . . . the stillness and beauty of Christmas Eve . . . candle-lit churches, fragrant with evergreens, echoing to "Silent Night, Holy Night" . . . children tiptoing through the grayness of early dawn to find, with indescribable joy, the lumpy stockings "hung by the chimney with care" . . . Christmas trees coming alive from tij) to toe with a magic all their own . . . mysterious packages beneath the tree and mounting piles of ribbons and tissue paper . . . kisses under the Mistletoe . . . Holly- wicathed doors swinging wide in wthoiiie . . . turkey and plum pudding on the festive board . . . Yule logs on the fire . . . lights in the windows and joy in the hearts for "Everywhere, everywhere, it's Christmas tonight." All this is the Christmas picture today because of the one gift that belongs to all Man• kind . . . the infant Jesus . . . born in a Manger, while the Wise men saw his Star in the East and angels above sang the first Christmas carol "Glory to God in the Highest, and on earth, Peace, Goodwill towards men." The date, December 25th, is very, very old . . . but unbreakable. It came from Rome . . . es- tal)Iisli« (l in the 4th (cntury by the early Christians to replace, for Christians, the pagan festivities customarily held at the same time around the win ter solstice or Saturnalia. Before this time Chris• tians observed January 6th, (Jesus's baptism) but since about 400 a.d. nearly the whole Christian world lias olisf rscd the birth of Christ on December 2r)th. The word "Christmas" isn't hrcakahle either, but, after all, it IIHK li newer than the date . . . just 918 years old! It comes from England . . . Cristes Ma( ss( or Clnist Mass and was first used about 1038 a.d., based on the same pattern as the old names for other least da\s MKII as Mi( hat Imas f feast of the Anh- angel Michael) on September 29th or Ciandlemas, observed on February 2nd, the Ptirilieation of the Virgin Mary. From France comes the lilting, joyous-sounding word "Noel," from the words meaning news, and birthday. "Yuletide" is as old as the hills but still very strong. It was the time of feasting in early Pagan days and comes from the ancient CJoths and Anglo Saxons. "Yule," from the Gallic word Giul, or wheel . . . the turn of the year and the coming of winter and the Anglo Saxon word Geol, meaning feast. In the north countries of Europe the early winter period was called "Yule" almost as far back as history goes. After the harvest they counted the (Continued on page 17)

PAGE FOUR VIRGINIA RECORD Pounded 1878 VIRGINIA MASONRY: A Segment of the Universal Circle Of ''Friendship And Love'

by

DR. JAMES N. HILLMAN (Dementi Studio) Grand Secretary Dr. Hillman

LL MASONS who were privileged location for the establishment of a REEMASONRY is uot ouly thc oldcst A to read the "Pictorial Essay on Masonic Lodge. By the early 1730's, a F fraternal order in America, but it U. S. Masons" which appeared in the sufficient nimiber of Masons resided in is also the largest. It is claimed that the October 8th issue of Life were im• Norfolk to create a desire for that total membership today exceeds four pressed, I am sure, with the "reader- fellowship to which they had been ac• millions. This means that one out of appeal" and the elaborate pictorial customed in the Old World. Conse- 12 American men over 21 years of age display. The Masonic accuracy of the (|uently, "Royal Exchange Lodge" was is a Mason. The membership in the writer's explanations, while displaying reported as being in operation in 1733. United States is increasing at the rate great skill and a wealth of Masonic in• There are no available records of this of about 100,000 per year. Some of the formation, is not all that could be Lodge, but there is documentary evi• best men in every conununity where cl(^iird in a portrayal of the whole dence that it did exist, and from that there is a Masonic Lodge are found picture. However, the essay is well done, day to the present, Norfolk and vicinity iiniong its nieuihersliijj. This is as true and with the accompanying pictures, have been a fertile Masonic field. No• of Masonry as it is of the Church. gives to the world a graphic story of where, probably, in Virginia is Masonry The increase in membership in Vir• the mother fraternal organization of more active than in Norfolk and ginia has been approximately 50% in the world. vicinity. the last 10 years. That is to say that This article will deal with Virginia Early Masonry laid much stress on some 20,000 in net membership have Masonry as one segment of the universal at least two factors, namely, benevo• been added in 10 years. The number of circle of "friendship and brotherlv lence or charity, particularly to members new ly-uiade Master Masons diu'ing that love." of the Craft, and the opportunity for time will greatly exceed 20,000, because Speculative Masonry as distinguished social fellowship among men. Whilt^ the the net increase after deducting losses from the Operative Crafts, or builder's Fraternity has always opposed "in• from death and other causes is still ap• guilds, while stemming from those temperance or excess," there was yet a proximately 20,000. This means that guilds, had its beginning in the City of spirit of conviviality among the members Masonry is alive and on the march in London in the year 1717. Members of of the early Lodges. After the business the Old Dominion. the Royal family, and representatives of the lodge had been conducted, the While Masonry does not accept mem• of the Arts and Sciences affiliated with members would assemble, probably in bers because of their worldly wealth or the organization almost from the begin• an adjoining room, or tavern, and join honors, but because of what is believed ning. "A system of morality based on in songs of mirth and fellowship, often• to be the internal qualifications of char• symbols and allegories" made an im• times inspired by the drinking of toasts acter and integrity, the leaders in civic mediate appeal to men of high character to each other and to the various per• and professional life are among its and of official position. sonages of the realm. This opportunity members. The first Grand Master was a for a social outlet was limited in many distinguished member of Virginia's T WAS QUITE natural that the tenets instances to the meetings and the fel• highest Court, and also a member of I of Masonry should establish an early lowship of the Masonic Lodge. There the first Supreme Court of the United foothold in the New World. Norfolk, were no civic clubs, no organizations for States. He was John Blair, a close which was a well established sea-port the fellowship of men, and as a result, friend of George Washington, who was and trading center in the early colonial the Masonic Lodge was a social center himself Master of Alexandria Lodge, days, was quite naturally an ideal as well as a ritualistic organization. {Continued on page 25) to tell the Virginia Story DECEMBER 1956 PAGE FIVE by FLETCHER COX nurtured by a Virginian's actions and .spearheaded by another man who, at HE YEAR WAS 1733, in the Colony one time, belonged to a Richmond T of Virginia. Where metropolitan lodge. Richmond of some 375,000 persons sprawls now, there stood a little more And they have watched Masons take MASONR than a meager outpost—Captain Wil• leading roles in public affairs from liam Byrd's warehouse on creek in what George Washington's time through the is now Shoekoe Valley. present day. As Virginia Masonry stands today, TH On Sejjtember 17 of that year the (a|)tain's son, Colonel William Byrd, there are 335 Blue Lodges—the basic noted in his journal: unit of the Masonic organization. These lodges confer the first three degrees of . . We laid the foundation of two low-lying warehouses. Small as it was, Masonry and these lodges are governed Norfolk was an important tobacco and large cities, one at the Shacco's, to he by the Grand Lodge. Masons may go ( ailed Richmond, and the other at the naval supply port for the growing col• higher in their fraternity, but each must ony, huddling close to the Atlantic falls of the Appomattox River, to he retain his Blue Lodge membership. named Petersburg . . . Thus we did Ocean and Chesapeake Bay. The.se Blue Lodges reach from Acco• Among the businessmen in Norfolk not build castles only, but also (itics. mack County on the Eastern Shore to in the air." were Masons, so far away from lodge Lee County, Virginia's westernmost tip, meetings in England or Scotland that Similarly, wh(Te a great body of ard from Loudoun County in the north they could, by rules established back Masonry with some 67,000 members to the North Carolina line. home, hold Masonic meetings and initi• exists in Virginia today, there was only ate new members. A lodge was formed, a tenuous beginning by a few Masons the Royal Exchange Lodge, and it in 1733. comes into twentieth-century view only Since that year, these earnest, dedi• in vague outline, like a ship gliding cated fraternity members with their sys• through one break in a fog. tem of morality illustrated by symbols The glimpse is provided in The of stonemasonry's tools, these Masons, Freemason's Pocket Companion, pub• have brought their own well-ordered lished in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1765, government out of near chaos and sur• and carrying a list of "regular English vived the crashing impact of battles of lodges, according to their s« niority and the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. They constitution." Appearing is this refer• have cared for their orphans, and nov ence: they care for their elderly brotliers and their wives. Old Dominion Masonry has "No. 172. The Royal Exchange. in contributed to the state's system of car• the Borough of Norfolk in Virginia; ing for tubereulars. 1st Thursday; Dee. 1733." Hidden from any public view is their That is accepted as the beginning; charity work. and, in the following years, a handful of lodges was established as other ports Virginia's Masons with their fraternal of the colony grew larger. brothers in the nation have weathered a ininoi storm ol dcKcrse public (^|)ini()n, As Americans would learn later in the eighteenth < cntury under their Articles of Confederation, the new states Edmund Randolph, Most Worshipful would recpiire a central governing Grand Master, October 27, 1786. agency. They formed the federal gov• ernment. Just before that discovery, the Masons themselves decided that their Rising above the Blue Lodges, like expanding fraternity rec|uired a central the tines of a tuning fork, are York governing agency in Virginia. Rite, with its Royal Arch Gha|)t( rs and Knights Templar Connnanderies at the In the 44 years that followed Royal top, and Scottish Rite, with its Con• Exchange Lodge's known appearanc e . sistories, offering at the top the thirty- Virginia Masons looked to no less than second degice. By climbing through five individuals who held authority over eith( r rite, the Mason at the top may one or more lodges. These persons were join the shrine, whic h has 13,077 mem• the Grand Mast( rs of England, Scot• bers in Virginia, or the Mystic Order land, Ireland, Pennsylvania and Ameri• of the Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted ca, the last of whom was in North Realm, with 1,045 Virginia memb(Ts. Carolina. Moreover, there are in this state One of tho.se early lodges was in some 31,000 persons in the Masonic- Williamsburg. Masons there held a related orders of DeMolay, Eastern Star, Amaranth and Job's Daughters. charter which had been issued in 177!^ by the Grand Lodge of England even The locale of Virginia Masonry's re• corded beginning in 1733 was Norfolk, as the old ties between mother country then a town of perhaps a thousand and colony were being broken off. Near John Blair, First Grand Master of Masons the Williamsburg lodge hall stood the of Virfjinia. people living inland from a line of

PAGE SIX VIRGINIA RECORD Founded 1878 proposed that George Washington be Grand Lodge oflicers would be elect• chosen Grand Master. Washington, a ed later in Masonic history. Blair named member of Fredricksburg Lodge, was his officers—Robert Andrews, Deputy eligible under terms laid down by Grand Master; Dr. James Taylor, Sr., the convention. However, hard pressed Grand Warden; James M. Fontaine, Junior Grand Warden; Dr. Gait, Grand upon the battlefields to wrest a victory Treasurer; Rose, Grand Secretary; the from British troops, Washington re• Rev. James Madison, president of the MMONWEALTH fused. College of William and Mary and a Who, then, would be the first Grand bishop in the Church of England, Grand Master of the first Grand Lodge in Chaplain: Matthew Andenson, Grand America elected under customs of York Sword Bearer, and William Uric, Grand Capitol of the colony where, in 1765, Masonry? Delegates from Petersburg, Tiler. Patrick Henry had been accused of Williamsburg. Gloucester and Port Blair was to hold his office throm^h treason after t(41ing the House of Bur• Royal, in a convention held October i:^, eventful years until 1784. It was during gesses that England's Stamp Act was 1778, in the little frame lodge room that his term—when the Grand Lodge met a final indignity upon her colonies. In stood in Williamsburg into the present in Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg on that same community, in 1775, the century, turned to a 46-year-old past December 28, 1780 —that Richmond colonial Governor, Lord Dunmore, master of the host lodge. j)c"titioned for a lodge. The request was twice earlier had dissolved the House A native of Williamsburg and active |)assed unanimously, making Richmond of Burgesses because of its pro-colonial in the jjolitical and judicial life of Vir- Lodge Number 10 the first chartered by stands. More recently he had taken Virginia's new .sovereign authority. At the colony's gunpower from the maga• the same time, the Grand Lodge de- c ided it would meet April 10, 1781, in zine on Duke of Gloucester Street and Richmond. placed it aboard a man-of-war—and then had taken refuge aboard ship him• Natural enough, that decision. self because of threats on his life. The General Assembly had, in May, 1779, moved the Capitol to Richmond And there, in Williamsburg, on May by an act that contained such clauses 15, 1776, Virginians had resolved to as "whereas great numbers of the in• instruct their delegates in the Con• habitants of this commonwealth must tinental Congress to declare the United frequently and of necessity resort to the Colonies "free and independent States." seat of government . . ." and ". . . the That, then, was the community's ecjual rights of all said inhabitants re• atmosphere—freedom from England. quire that such seat of government should be as nearly central to all as While the Revolutionary War guns may be. . ." roared, Williamsburg Masons de( ided in 1777 that there should be a sovereign What held true for the seat of Vir• Grand Master for Virginia, and a call ginia government also held true for the went out to Virginia lodges to send .seat of Masonic government. There delegates to a convention there on May were now 10 lodges under the Grand 6, 1777. Attending were Matthew Phripp, a deputy from the new Norfolk Lodge which had succeeded the dor• mant Royal Exchange; James Kemp, a ]ohn Marshall, Grand Master of the Grand deputy from Kilwinning Port Royal Lodge of Virginia, October 1793. Caosse Lodoc; Duncan Rose from the Blandford Lodge where Petersburg is Hinia during the Revolution, he would now; William Waddill and John Row- later, with James Madison, jr.. sign say from the host lodge and John Craw• the United States Constitution and be• ford, William Simmons and John Stew• come an as.sociatc justice of the Supreme art from Cabin Point Royal Arch Lodge Court. He was John Blair, elected in Prince George County. unanimously and installed October 30, In addition letters were received from 1778. Among those present were Blair's Fredericksburg Lodge and from Bote• son-in-law, Robert Andrews, a professor tourt Lodge at Gloucester. at the College of William and Mary Delegates unaminously agreed that a and master of the Williamsburg Lodge; Grand Master shoidd be chosen to James Taylor, senior warden, a Norfolk preside over Virginia Masonry and a (!()( lor prominent in Masonry tlu ie; c onnnittee report a week later bolstered John Crawford, junior warden; James that view by citing the prevailing con• Gait and his half-brother. Dr. John fusion of the five Grand Masters, the Minson Gait, a prominent Williamsburg lack of a central authority to provide resident; Duncan Rose; and Peter Pel- any needed discipline, and the lack of ham, of Bruton Parish Church in Wil• henelii from foreign appointment of liamsburg. George Washington. Engraved from the portrait painted from life by Williams for Grand Masters in America. This re• There were, all told, 49 Masons pres• Ale.xandria-Washington Lodge No. 22, port was circulated to the lodges, which ent for that first installation. 1794.

to tell the Virginia Story DECEMBER 1956 PAGE SEVEN Lodge jurisdiction. Some of the men in the government were Masons. And, with portents of growth on all sides, it was natural to assume that Masonry would follow the frontier. To Richmond, then—a community of 1,800 residents, half of them Negro slaves; a community composed largely of small teneinents, seemingly given some permanence by several imposing homes at the top of the "principal hill." To the Grand Lodge here could come, via the James River, delegates from Norfolk, Blandford, Hampton St. Tammany's, Cabin Point Royal Arch and Williamsburg. Botetourt and York Lodge delegates could take the same route if they first crossed the York River and then the Williamsburg pen• insula. Overland journeys for the Port Royals and Fredericksburg delegates (Aufenger Studios) would be considerably shorter. Judge Willis V. Fentress of However, a group of men on a far Norfolk, Grand Master of Vir• different mission arrived in Richmond ginia Masonry. before the Grand Lodge convened its first session. On January 5, 1781, Bene• dict Arnold led an 800-man British expedition into Richmond and, during a 24-hour stay, set fire to much of the little settlement. the Masons turned to James Mercer of mund Randolph, another native of Stability rose from the ashes of the Fredericksburg, a close friend of Wash• Williamsburg, former aide-de-camp to town. The following October 19, Lord ington and a former member of the Washington during the Revolution, Cornwallis surrendered his British army House of Burgesses. Mercer, who was destined to become the first Attorney to Washington, Rochambeau and La• president of the first Supreme Court General of the United States and the fayette at Yorktown, ending the Ameri• of Appeals in Virginia, officiated at the sixth Governor of Virginia as an in• can Revolution. Richmond, in May, laying of two historic cornerstones while dependent commonwealth. 1782, was chartered as a city. So, on he was Grand Master: the Virginia Randolph succeeded Mercer in 1786 November 4, 1784, the Grand Lodge State Capitol on August 18, 1785, and and, as his Deputy Grand Master, he held its much-delayed convention in Mason's Hall in Richmond the follow• appointed John Marshall, a rising star Richmond, and a( cepted the resignation ing October 29. of the new nation. At the time, Marshall of John Blair. As his deputy, Mercer appointed represented Richmond Lodge at the To succeed Blair as Grand Master. another well-known Virginian — Ed- CJrand Lodge convention. Later to be• come Grand Master himself, Marshall in 14 years was the nation's Secretary of State (as Randolph had been before him) and, a year later, began his ( ai( i r as the most famous of the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court. It was also at this convention that the first official standing of lodges under the sovereign Grand Lodge of Virginia was written into the convention's min• utes. Those lodges, with their numbers and dates of charter, were listed as follows: No. 1, Norfolk. June 1, 1741; No. 2, Port Royal Kilwinning Crosse, Decem• ber I, 1755; No. 3, Blandford, Septem• ber 9, 1757; No. 4, Fredericksburg, July 21, 1758; No. 5, Hampton St. fam- luanv's, February 26, 1759; No. 6, Williamsburg, November 6, 1773; No. 7, Botetourt, November 6, 1773; No. 8, Cabin Point Royal Arch, April 13. 1775; No. 9, York, February 22, 1780; (Richmond Newspapers, Inc.) No. 10. Ridunond, December 28, 1780; Masonic Home of Virginia on Nine Mile Road, Richmond. No. II, Northampton, July 8, 1785;

PAGE EIGHT VIRGINIA RECORD Pounded 1878 Washington as the lodge's Worshipful Master. Following Washington's death, the unit changed it name to Alexandria- Washington. Virginia Masonry, expanding con• stantly, entered the nineteenth century and proceeded headlong into two strug• gles. One struggle was a storm of national sentiment which solidified into the Anti-Masonic Party. Secrecy of the Masonic order always has bred some suspicion and the first third of the nineteenth century—later, too, for that matter—was a time when native-born Americans were suspicious of the immigrant element in their new land. It would be more than a ceiUury before citizens of the nation would stop seeing strong traits of foreign peoples burlesqued. Onto this stage—or rather ofT of it — came William Morgan, a (Colonial Studios) native of Virginia, who disappeared in (Demenli Studio) the western part of New York State. Fred W. Troy, Executive Director of the y. C. Seelinger, Grand Treasurer. Masonic Home. Morgan had, it was reported in 1826, written a book purporting to reveal No. 12, Kempsville, October 5, 1785; secrets of the fraternity. When Morgan ceived a Fellow Craft degree in a Rich• No. 13, Staunton, February 6, 1786; disappeared. Masons were accused — mond lodge and had later withdrawn No. 14, Manchester, in what is now without proof — of having murdered Iroui the order. Wirt and the party he South Richmond, February 28, 1786; him; and in many localities that ac• led failed in 1832 as Andrew Jackson, No. 15, Petersburg, May 6, 1786; No. cusation manifested itself in groups a past Grand Master of Tennessee, was 16, Portsmouth Wisdom, June 15, 1786, pledged not to support any Mason elected president. and No. 17, Charlotte, July 6, 1786. seeking election to public office. It was not long before the Anti- Rounding out the first 20 lodges in Although anti-Masoni( leelino s|)i( id Masons passed from view, helping in the Old Dominion under the new Grand from New York to other states, wielding 1834 to form the Whig Party. Lodge were No. 18, Smithfield Union; some influence in local elections, the The other struggle encountered by No. 19, Richmond Randolph; and No. sentiment had little effect in Virginia. the fraternity was not an ex( lusive one 20, Scottsville, then in Powhatan The Anti-Masonic Party held its first —^it was shared by all Americans in one County. convention in Baltimore in 1831, and form or another. This was the Civil Four other lodges are known to have to whom did they turn for their pn si- War, which sent brothers against their existed during these early years—yet dential nominee? To another man who blood brothers and against their Ma• they do not appear in the first listing. had Virginia associations. sonic brothers. The bitter fighting left One of these was a lodge at Falmouth, He was William Wirt, who had re- (Continued on page 23) chartered by its neighbor across the Rappahannock River in Fredericksburg and then chartered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1775. Falmouth Lodge, however, had a short existence, ap|jar- ently. Another lodge—almost as nuich a mystery as Royal Exchange—was at Hobb's Hole, some 50 miles east of Fredericksburg and just west of the present site of Tappahannock. This group of Masons also appears very briefly, and that appearance is in the r w Grand Lodge convention when John Blair appointed three men, members cf Tappahannock Lodge, to the Steward'' Lodge. The third lodge was St. John's of Norfolk, of which no record exists today in the Grand Lodge. Still another lodge was in Alexandria, chartered in 1783 by the Grand Lodge of Pennsvlvania, which within a span of several years was dissolved. Governor Randolph. Grand Master at the time, issued the Alexandrians a charter as (Richmond Newspapers, Inc.) Alexandria Lodge No. 22, listing George Dedication Service, Masonic Home for the Aged. to tell the Virginia Story DECEMBER 1956 PAGE NINE TOM GARVIN a sculptor wiffi an outstanding talent and a consuming ambition by

G. WATSON JAMES, JR.

(CXT TON'T YOU COME UP and see what I am doing?" W The invitation came from a well-built man who looked more like a boxer than what I later discovered was his vocation. He was standing on a little porch which jutted out from a studio which I had occupied for some 18 years in the rear of my home and where I, alas, had committed many "assaults" on innocent pieces of canvas. Since last December the man on the little second-story porch had been somewhat ol a mystery to me. The noise of much hammering and sawing emanated from my erst• while studio, but it was no business of mini . Then early in the summer I was voiced the invitation. I accepted, climbed the .stairs, entered a room bare except for several busts reposing in a corner, and a rudely made table. But on that table was an exquisitely modeled plaster head of a little girl, and beside it a block of marble already half chiseled from the plastered head, which 1 later learned was that of Miss Frances Cone, daughter of Dr. Herbert Cone, my neighbor to the right. That is how I met Tom Garvin, a sculptor with a well

Initial pencil sketch done by Garvin dur• ing the first silting by John Powell.

1

Left, lop to bottom : (I-a) Shaping plasticum model of Mr. John P.owell. This represents the work done at the first sitting. (1-b) Ad• justing position of the head. (1-c) Measuring width between tem• poral arches. (1-d) Transferring temporal measurement to model. < C det» rinined ambition and an outstanding talent. Soon Tom the marble block, and being a consummate draftsman, must Garvin and the writer were talking each other's language, be a mathematician, working sometimes with his calipers to and it developed that his major artistic objective was to the thousands of an inch—one miscalculation in "pointing" sculpture in marble or bronze the busts of Virginia's famous the marble block for chiseling the image might mean educators, musicians and statesmen whose contributions to disaster. the Old Dominion were of lasting value. He had already Perhaps the best approach to how the sculptor works will completed a commission for a bust of the late Dr. Samuel be accomplished by examining the photographs and charts P. Duke, longtime president of Madison College, and was included with this artic h . t'fVi ( ting arrangements to cast it in bronze. Take for example photo (1-a) which shows the young As we dis( ussed his lifelong ambition he kept voicing the sculptor at work during the first sitting by Mr. Powell. hope that he (ould do "Mr. Powell." Finally it dawned on In this instance, Garvin is shaping the plasticum model of the writer he meant John Powell, Virginia's internationally- the sitter, having |jreviously designed the armature to hold known pianist and composer, a lifelong friend of the writer, the plasticum as it is being shaped; (1-b) reveals him and his wife to whom he had dedicated his violin "Sonata adjusting the position of the head; (1-c) mea.suring the Virginiaesque." width between the temporal arches and (1-d) transferring Tom Garvin was told that that could be arranged easily. the temporal measurement to the clay model. Then followed a few phone calls and a visit to John's winter home on Plum Street in Ri( hmond. It is characteris• Pictures in Garvin's studio also show the sculptor, photo tic of the great pianist to try to do at all times for a friend (2-A), establishing register marks on the clay model of Miss what seems impossible and in this instance John was in the Frances Cone, and block of marble in preparation for midst of leaving for his summer home. Two sittings were carving. (2-B) he is registering the plaster model of the arranged and the results of Sculjjtor Garvin's preliminary little lady; the marble block having been registered pre• work may be seen in this article. The bust is now nearing viously. In (2-C) Garvin is establishing a point on the completion following Mr. Powell's return to Richmond this right cheek of the model which illustrates the u.se of the fall. But Tom Garvin, through sketches and particularly pointing machine, as well as the minute accuracy necessary his mental impressions of th( suhjcc t fa sculptor's birthright, to transfer the likeness from the plaster portrait to the if he is worthy of his salt—and Garvin is) was able to marble. (2-D) reveals the sculptor checking the right cheek pKiL^i' sv w ith the bust during the summer months. So the "point" on the block of marble or "pointing to the marble" likeness of another great Virginian is fashioned for posterity. as it is technically designated. In (2-E) Garvin is locating Will it be in marble or bronze? That is in the future. the right cheek "point" in the marble with a hammer and a As to the art of sculpture, its techniques are for the point chisel or "cutting in a point." Meanwhile the sculptor's most part a mystery to the layman, who not only is not bust of his beloved teac her. Fei i ui io Legnaioli, dominates aware that a sculptor, besides molding the clay, chiseling the scene and seems to smile in approval of his one-time

In Garvin Studio. (2-A) Establishing register marks for model and block of marble in preparation for carving. (2-B) Registering the plaster model of Miss Frances Cone. (Marble has been registered previously.) (2-C) Estab• lishing a point of right cheek of the model (illustrates use of pointing ma• chine). (2-D) Checking right cheek point on the block of marble (point• ing to the marble). (2-E) Locating right cheek point in the marble with a hammer and point chisel. (Cutting in a point.)

DECEMBER 1956 AGE ELEVEN ® (D

® ® ® MECHANICS IN PREPARING A SIMPLE INFLEXIBLI MOLD FOR CASTING AN OBJECT /. Object to caste. 2. Process of fencing or dividing the mold into sections. Pences are rem oved as each section is completed. 3. Two sections of mold in place. Edges of these sections act as fence for last section. 4. Completed mold with object inside. 5. Mold wedged apart and object removed. 6. Mold fitted and tied back in place for charging with casting material. Note: When casting material has set or hardened mold is again wedged apart as shown and caste removed. student apprentice. artistic achievement came when a sculp• but his friend's tribute to the World After these "mechanics," so to speak, tor showed up in his home town in War I's famous president lacked "ade• come the talent, inspiration, and the North Carolina and "turned on the quate ears." Tom admits he avoided delicate technique of the sculptor— inspiration." Tom and a young friend this technical difficulty by covering something that cannot be realized ex• dc^cided then and there to be Rodins or George's ears with a wig. cept through his finished work. Mic haelangelos. First, clay was the all The days that followed liroiioht about To round out this very sketchy dis• important material, so they repaired to strained relations between the two cussion of the sculptor's technique, the "Old Swimming Hole" where a "Rodins," and so they parted. Garvin drew for the writer a chart of <>< n( loiis supply of mud-clay was avail• "My bust," Tom commented during six steps illustrating the "mechanics" in able. our first conversation, "was soon lost preparing a simple inflexible mold for Prior to this, however, Tom inveigled to posterity as the clay dried, cracked, casting an object. The reader is referred his parents to let him use an old barn and fell apart due to an imjjerfect to this chart with its explanatory for a studio. Permission granted, then armature." legends. came the arduous task of cleaning out At fifteen came his first success. He Now, the natural question is what cir• debris which somehow barns manage to had made a statue, and as he ex|)ressed cumstances influenced this young man accumulate with time, and to add to it, "an honest to goodness sculptor ap• (he's still young in spite of five years the diflFiculty, there was no skylight and praised his work"—none other than the in the service of his country) to become rats were a great hazard. !j[reat sculptor, Edward V. Valentine, a sculptor? A dry cell was used by Tom for an who i( (I tc» teach gr.itis tin- teen-age The story began when he was six armature which sculjjtors use as a l);isr artist. Mr. Valentine, incidentally, re• years old when he attempted, as a first- upon which to shape the clay. Tom marked that Tom's " 'Captain John grader, to illustrate a "masterpiece" and his boy friend were then ready Smith" was "too skinny." "Smith was a depicting "wind blown snow on red for competitive sculpture. The friend l)i<4 man," he said. Then bitter despair paper," but the crayon was too waxy to choose Woodrow Wilson, and Tom, was followed by new hope as the result cover the paper. It was then that he none other than George Washington. of Mr. Valentine's offer. learned of that dictum Ars longa — vita The busts of these notables finished, Later came an apprenticeship under hrevis. Tom relates that people recognized his Ferrucio Legnaioli, the beloved and Then his next step on the road to portrait of the "Father of his Country," [Continued on page 21)

PAGE TWELVE VIRGINIA RECORD Pounded 1878 VIRGINIA By WILLIAM BIEN BUSINESS Business Editorj The Richmond News Leader REVIEW

HE AREA'S largest shopping center J. P. Fitzgerald, formerly manager of W. Smith, president, said "We are cer• T —Willow Lawn—drew an esti• the Gary-Carolina Co. at Rocky Mount, tain every car in this record-breaking mated crowd of 250,000 to its opening N. C, has been named a vice-president |)inThase will be needed as the Sea• last month. They thronged across the of Gary Steel Products Corj). at Lynch• board's territory continues its rapid and 40-acre cluster of stores for prizes, bar• burg. . . sustained development." gains and the sights of such celebrities * -x- * as the Cisco Kid, Captain Kangaroo The Virginian Railway has on order and WRVA's own Sunshine Sue. an 1,800 horsepower tugboat to be used * * -x- a I the company's coal piers at Nor• A gas well recently completed by folk. Do( king operations presently are United Fuel Gas Co. in the Plains handled by Mc Allister Brothers, Inc. District of Rockingham County has on a contract basis. |)roved successful. John H. KiiiK . supei- intendent of production and storage, * * * says the well is the fourth produ( ti\ ( Michael Mora, general manager of one of the six drilled in the area. the Norfolk Port Authority, reports United Fuel is affiliated with Atlantic import increases there in jute fiber and Seaboard Corporation, which supplies tea. He said tea imports were sjjurred gas to Commonwealth Natural Gas by stepped-up operations at the new Corporation for a wide section of tide• Lipton tea plant in Suffolk. water Virginia. * * * * * * Sperry Piedmont Co. has broken ground for a 100,000 square foot addi• NAMES IN THE NEWS tion to its recently completed plant at Burford La Touche, Jr. formerly pur• Charlottesville. The Ivy Construction chasing agent, has been named plant Co. of Charlottesville was the successful superintendent for Robert Gair Co. in bidder on the project, scheduled for (ompletion next September. Richmond. . . •55- * -sf * * -jf (Copic Two of Norfolk and Western Rail• Three Virginia industriaHsts have Mr. Fritz Otto Lorje is shown as he sailed way's top mechanical men retired last been named to a committee planning for Germany, aboard the Super Liner month Bernard Cook, superintendent the Third International Conference of United States. Mr. Lorje, an official of — of shops in Roanoke, and Walter Bud- Manfacturers in New York this month. the Universal Tobacco Co. of Richmond, is returning to his home office in Bremen. well, master mechanic of the Norfolk They are Earl Bunting of Winchester, Division in Crewe. a director of the O'Sullivan Rubber * -x- * Corp.; N. W. Kelley of Roanoke, presi• dent and treasurer of the Southern Milton Closer, A.LD., has changed William Wilson, 40, former executive Varnish Corp., and /. B. Woodward, the name of his firm in Richmond from vice-president of Standard Fruit and Jr., of Norfolk, board chairman of Contemporary Design Associates to Steamship Co., took over as president Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Milton Glaser Associates and has moved of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Dock Corp. . . . to larger quarters at 210 East Franklin Corporation last month. * * * St. . . . * * * Harris Mitchell of Richmond, secre• Ralph F. Bagwell, vice-president and tary of the Virginia Building Mateii.il Samuel L. "Bill" Taliaferro of Nor• savings director of the Bank of Virginia, Association, has been made an honorary folk is the new president of the Virginia has been appointed to a fifth consecu• member of the Virginia Polytechnic In• Food Dealers Association, succeeding tive term on the American Bankers stitute Chapter of Sigma Lambda Chi, John R. Powers of Pulaski. Other new Association committee on savings and mortgage development. national honorary fraternity of light officers named at the annual convention * * -Sf construction engineers. . . Mitchell also in Roanoke last month are Malcolm J. took on an additional duty last month Reid of Staunton, first vice-president; The Virginia Electric and Power —as executive secretary of the Associa• Elbert L. Pugh, Petersburg, second vice- Company has honored three linemen tion of Mutual Insurance Agents. . . . president; Frank E. Booker, Halifax, who saved the life of a fellow worker treasurer. New directors are T. B. Hines when he'd been hit by a 4,000 volt shock * * * last June. The honored workers are Two Virginia tile dealers have won of South Hill, r. L. Overton of Norfolk and Tfmd Scott of Wakefield. Charles W. Sheets, 29, of Staunton; top prizes in a nationwide contest on Samuel Rodger McCann, 27, of Char• local promotions sponsored by the Tile lottesville, and Donald C. Huffman, 25, Council of America. They are Dudley The Seaboard Air Line Railroad has of Bridgewater. The rescued man is L. Marsteller, Jr. of Roanoke, and Harry B. Craun, 56, of Staunton. Joseph K. Hite of Collinsville. . . . announced an order for 2,400 freight * * * cars costing about $20,000,000. John * * * to tell the Virginia Story DECEMBER 1956 PAGE THIRTEEN Brady V. Tunnell, a native Texan, John W. Busch of Jersey City, N. J., has been elected a director of First has been named assistant manager of formerly with the Royal Liverpool and C:olon\ I.ile Insurance Company of American Oil Company's new York- Pearl American Insurance Groups, has Lynchburg. town refinery. been named motor truck cargcD managcT * * for American Fidelity and Casualty PubHc relations committeemen for the- Company in Richmond. Virginia Highway Users Association, George J. Kranitzky of Richmond named last month, are W. E. Bristow, was named district manager for the Life * * * Kichard Earle Smith. 'M). an at• chairman, W. H. Bingham, S. C. How- Insurance Company of Gc^orgia in Char• man, Jr., S. P. Bralley, C. Fair Brooks, lottesville last month. torney and formcT claim manager in Virginia for Employers Mutuals of R. Lc s P>ro\vn. ). PI. Cochrane, Henry Wausau, was named executive secretary Mitchell, C. G. Pembroke, John H. The onc--millionth telephone in Vir• of the Virginia Assoc iation of Insurance Snnfh. M. W. Strother and Keed I. ginia was presented to Governor Stanley Agents last month. West, all of Richmond; R. B. Hardy, in appropriate c eremonies at the State of Blackstone; C. R. Leitch and C. B. * * * McDaniel of Fredericksburg; L. W. Capitol last month. Taking part were James P. Gunter, sales manager for (. Rhodes Mitchell, vice-president of Parker, of South Hill, and C. M. Thac h, David M. Lea & Company in Rich• of Charlottesville. the Chesapeake and Potomac Tele- mond, has been elected first vice-presi• Highway courtesy and safety com• |)hone Co. of Virginia, and Dennis B. dent of the Southern Furniture Manu• mitteemen: J. D. Lawrence, Jr., W. H. Draper, president of the Virginia Inde• facturers Association. pendent Telephone Association, repre• i'.inulnun, C." Fair Brooks, J. H. Coch• senting 61 independent telephone com• * ^e- -» rane, Earl E. Congdon, Robey W. Estcs, panies in the state. Thomas A. Sheehan, district sales and H. A. Patterson, G. M. Robinson, Reed traffic manager at Richmond for East• * -X- -sf I. West and M. G. Runge, all of Rich• ern Air Lines since 1948, was elected mond ; V. V. Gordon, of Farmville, and Robert II. C. Seaton has been named an assistant vice-president of State- C. E. HoufT, of Weyers Gave. ac ting president of B. T. Crump Com• Planters Bank of Commerce and Trusts On the- membership committee are pany and R. Garnett Hall acting execu• last month, to direct planning of busi• E. L. Barnes, R. Les Brown, Van Kelly, tive vice-president. The actions by the ness development and head PRAM, the W. O. Malbone, W. B. Rawlings and board of directors followed the death public rc4ations, advertising and mer• Harry Schneider of Richmond; Carl of L. McCarthy Downs, who had been chandising committee. R. Bowman and Dwight Hartman of named president of the scat cover and ^ ^ Harrisonburg; Carl T. Hester of Dan• hassock manufacturing concern last Robert C. Baker, executive vice- ville, and S. E. Hubbard of South Hill. year. president and director of American Sec urity & Trust Co. in Washington. * * * * * Palmer K. St. Glair, manager of the Virginia State Employment Service ofhc c- in Roanoke, says employment has ( linilx d to a new peak. About 2,500 more persons in the area have jobs now than ever before. * -K W WANTED Mary R. Thompson has been named manager of the Reservation Office- of PROPERTIES FROM Colonial Williamsburg, according to James A. Hewitt, manager of Hotel $50,000 to $8,000,000 Servic I S. Mrs. 'I'houjpson assumed her new Located Anywhere in Virginia post on November 1, succeeding Miss Frances A. Burns, who retired from or Elsewhere in U.S.A. Colonial Williamsburg on October 31. Mrs. Thompson, who has been an cm- If you have properties anywhere in U.S.A. leased to rated jjloyee of Colonial Williamsburg for concerns netting 4/2% upward annually and are contem• over 1 7 years, bec ame assistant manager plating selling—kindly contact the undersigned as we of the Reservation Office in April 1946. As manaiit i. she will have c harge of have clients desiring above type properties. All replies all advance reservations for Williams• strictly confidential. Contact M. Ryan. burg Inn and Lodge, Market Sc|uare Tavern, Brick House Tavern, and Colonial Guest houses ojjcrated by m. Bgan k £0. Willianishurg Restoration, Inc. COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL SPECIALISTS 917 E. MAIN ST. DIAL 3-7495 RICHMOND, VA.

PAGE FOURTEEN VIRGINIA RECORD Founded 1878 MRS. THOMAS JEFFERSO by MARY CLARK LITTELL Mfsfress of Montkello

1772 -1782

HOMAS Ji'MKRSON recorded tin T followiftg one year after his wife's dc-ath in 1782: "7 lost the cherished companion of my life in whose affections un• abated on both sides I had lived the past ten years in unchequered hap- / piness." When I read this declaration of love by Thomas Jefl'erson for his wife, Martha, I was inspired to examine the records to find out more about this remarkable Virginia lady. Details are conspiciously lacking about her early life, and when .she was mistress of Mon- ti(cllo. Out of the bedimmed past Mrs. Jefferson comes to us in retrospection. MARTHA WAYLES Martha Wayles was her maiden name. She was born October 19th, 1784. At the age of 18 she was living with her father and family at their plantation, "The Forest," in Charles City County, situated not far from VV^illiamsburg and Westover Church near the James River. Martha Wayles was admittedly an attractive young lady, possessing great |)ersonal charm. She had a grac eful full figure of medium height and a wealth of auburn curls framed a clear glowing complexion. Her large hazel eyes ex• Martha Jefferson. A crayon portrait made for a friend by whose descendants in Mobile it is now owned. pressed gentleness of spirit, combined with a frank warm-hearted disposition. JOHN WAYLES AND She was accustomed to wealth and County, who contracted to rebuild the MARTHA EPPES refined surroundings, was also trained Cliipilol of Williamsburg. in the arts of home and business man• Her father, John Wayles, was born in Mr. Wayles was a large landowner, agement, the accounts kept in orderly Lancaster, England, in 1715. He and and accumulated great wealth. His procedure in her fine handwriting. Kichaicl HIand entered the law pro• plantation home, "The Forest," owned She performed with skill on the fession at the sanu- time- in Virginia in at that time, by a Mr. Tilman, was spinet and harpsichord, and her sweet 1746. He was made Kings attorney for burned down during the Civil War. His voice- a pleasant accompaniment. She the Colony in 17.56. He was considered other vast estates consisted of Poplar rode her horse well, and danced with by all of his associates to be a liberal, Forest, in Bedford County, of more than grace and ease. agreeable and honourable gentleman. 4,000 acres near Lynchburg, Elk Hill, Martha was the oldest of three half- He married Martha Eppes, daughter over-looking Elk Island, Indian Camp, sisters, Elizabeth, Tabithia, and Anne. of Col. Francis Eppes in 1746. This Angola, Guinea, Bridge-water and Lig- Her devoted family called her Patsy, lady was Martha's mother. After her gons. During the great flood of 1771, and she was regarded with special favor early death, Mr. Wayles married Eliza• Mr. Wayles lost hundreds of cattle, and by her father, who was captured by her beth Lomax, wealthy widow of Reuben many pieces of property, to the amount winning manner. Skelton, son of James Skelton of Essex of four thousand pounds. to tell the Virginia Story DECEMBER 1956 PAGE FIFTEEN Mr. Wayles liked nothing but the MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX finest. His handsome coach with six The French nobleman, the Marquis thoroughbred horses, attended by liv- de Chastellux, visited Monticello in the < l ied servants, attracted respect and spring of 1782 just before Mrs. Jeffer• attention when he traveled the roads to son's death. He describes his visit at Williamsburg to attend Court Sessions. this time: "The house for which Mr. He passed away May 28th, 1773, one Jefferson is architect and often work• year after his daughter's marriage to man, is rather elegant and in the Italian Thomas Jefferson. In his will dated style though not without fault. It con• April 15th, 1760, he left Martha a sists of one rather large pavilion the wealthy estate of some 40,000 acres of entrance of which is by two porticoes land, and 142 slaves. He also left her ornamented by pillars. The ground floor his valuable private library consisting consists of a very large lofty saloon of 669 volumes. This collection was a which is decorated entirely in the fortunate addition to the Monticello antique style. Above it is a library of library, as Thomas Jefferson lost nearly the same form. Two small wings with all of his fine books and papers in a only a ground floor and attic story are fire at Shadwell a short time before he joined by a pavilion and communicates married Martha. In his diary of 1773 with the kitchens, offices, etc., which • -^f>////•/• // //•'////'///, '///V/////// Thomas Jefferson notes he now has form a kind of basement story, over 1,256 volumes in his collection. which runs a terrace. My object in this Skelton bookplate. short description is only to show the Mr. Wayles attatched a codicil to his difference between this and other houses will dated February 2, 1773, providing in this country for we may safely aver for a special slave girl, 12 or 15 years her father's home, "The Forest," with that Mr. Jefferson is the first American of age for each of his grandchildren, her little boy, who died June 10th, who has consulted the fine arts to know Richard Eppes, John Wayles Eppes, 1771. Still young and lovely, her hand how he should shelter himself from the and little Patsy Jefferson, daughter of was sought by many prominent men of weather." He goes on to say, "Mrs. Thomas Jefferson, these "slaves to be the Colony, but not until Thomas Jef• Jefferson was a mild and amiable wife, adjudged in Court as their property." ferson won her heart did she marry with charming children." He also provided handsomely for his again. Monticello stands today in all its other three daughters, who married beauty surrounded by magnificent trees prominent men of the Colony. MARTHA WAYLES SKELTON and gardens, in the grandeur and su• AND THOMAS JEFFERSON perb setting of the Blue Ridge moun• MARTHA WAYLES AND tains, rolling range upon range, down Martha was 23 and Thomas Jeffei-son BATHURST SKELTON the long wide valley in the distance. 29 when they married New Years Day, Relics of Mrs. Jefferson are sadly Martha Wayles married Bathurst 1772, at her father's home. The happy missing, but we will always remember Skelton September 20th, 1766. She was pair left for Monticello .soon after, the her as the first and only wife of Thomas 18 and he was 21 years of age. He bachelor home of Thomas Jefferson on Jefferson, and the mother of his chil• attended William and Mary College for top of little mountain in Albcrmarle dren. a short time. His father, James Skelton. County, 100 miles away. The mansion After all tho.se "days and days that was a wealthy Virginia planter, living in house was not started, but the ground once were fair," Martha Jefferson was St. James Parish, Goochland County. was in the process of being cleared for laid to rest in the little graveyard en- His crest and coat-of-arms was engraved it erection. clo.sure, near the first form of Monticello on his magnificent silver and book- At this honey-moon cottage, the bride she and Thomas Jefferson planned to• plat<% which is reproduced here. His and bride-groom arrived one very cold gether. The mansion hou.se was partially library contained one of the finest col• winter eveniiiu alter a stormy journey c om|)letcd just before her death in 1782. lections in Virginia, although not the up the mountain in a blinding snow rile epita|)h cut in the white stone largest. (William Byrd of Westover on storm, the deepest snow ever to be seen over her grave is inscribed— the James owned the largest (olli ( lion in Albcrmarle County. To the memory of of books in Virginia consisting of 3,438 Martha Jefferson volumes in 1773.) ''How lovely, worthy, peerless in daughter of John Wayles After their marriage, Martha and tuy view! Born October 19th, 1748. OS Bathurst Skelton lived at Elk Hill over• How precious, pleasant hast thou Intermarried with looking the James river, the estate been to me!" Thomas Jefferson January 1, 1772 owned by Mr. Wayles. Their son John During the ten years of their man iid was born November 7th, 1767. Mr. Torn from him by death life, six children were born, five girls September 6th, 1782 Skelton died suddenly two years later. and one boy. Two survived infancy, In his will dated September 30th, Martha and Mary. The other children 1768, he appointed Mr. Wayl( > and died very young. It is not recorded his wife, Martha, to be the guardian where they were all born. The birth of To Start the for his son John, leaving all of his the last child, Lucy Elizabeth, at Monti• New Year Right- estate to his wife and child, also his cello. was the cause of Mrs. Jefferson's "fayton and horses." His will was not dc ath. She never recovered from the Give Virginia Record proved until 1771, the year before ordeal and, after a period of declining ONE YEAR-$4.0fl Martha's marriaL>i' to Thomas Jefferson. health, passed away September 6th, TWO YEARS—$7.00 Founded 1878 to tell the Virginia Story After his death Martha returned to 1782. The child died two years later.

PAGE SIXTEEN VIRGINIA RECORD Founded 1878 Christmas . . . carried to England the following year by the Franciscan monks, so history re• "Handle With Care'' lates, and by the early 14th century the {Continued from page 4) English carols sprang up from tJiese. T With no radios or television it was left to wandering minstrels to make them })opular throughout Europe. The carol "Silent Night" ... so much a part of the Christmas story ... is a youngster compared to many others having been written in 1818 by the Rev. Pounding Mill Joseph Mohr as he walked in the hills of Austria beneath the stars of a winter night. The words, he said, "just came to him" and the story of how they were Quarry Corp. set to music by Franz Gruber is a lovely Christmas story in itself. The Creche . . . presentation in miniature of the stable at Bethlehem, with Joseph, Mary and the Babe ... is an Italian inijjort from the days of St. Francis who devised this method of ex- l^laining the Nativity to his people. From Egypt and Rome come the POUNDING MILL earliest of Christmas cards . . . inscribed VIRGINIA tokens of the ancient Egyptians and Romans have been excavated and ex• amples of European woodcuts and cop• An ancient woodcut depicting the Adora• tion of the Magi by the artist Albrecht per plate engravings from the 1st cen• Durer (1471-1528), now in the National tury still survive. One, showing the in• Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. (Use fant Jesus, was engraved in 1466. The of photograph by courtesy National Gal• Christ child was in all of the earliest lery of Art.) and some had scrolls, blessing the new year, while woodcuts of ships were very cattle and the extent of their supply of popular. The first commercial Christ• grain and if they didn't have enough mas card, forerunner of the thousands grain to lerd all of the cattle all winter of cards today, was made in England in they slaughtered those they could not 1843 and the good people of that day feed and the period of feasting began were quite upset because it represented ORDER Famous . . . "Yuletide" ... or so the story goes. a Vi( torian family group eating and When Christianity was embraced this drinking and it was not what they feasting coincided with the Saviour's thought it ought to be. (By 1870 the RAPPAHANNOCK birth and "Yuletide" has remained. Christmas card business had become a Rolling merrily along from the Mid• nation-wide industry.) dle Ages, via England to us, come the Yule Log, Mince pie and plum pud• THE FIRST GIFTS ding, all delightfully usable in spite of the passage of time. Of the legends sur• What today throws all mankind into SALT ROE HERRING rounding the Yule Log, one early one is a quandary didn't begin that way at all. that when burned it drives away the Gift giving has been linked throughout SALT NORFOLK SPOT devil and makes him powerless to do history with festival times. Early Ro• "A Real Old Style Virginia Breakfast" mischief in that house that year . . . mans and Egyptians gave tokens of es• Use this card to order and the Christian legend is that it sym• teem to friends, often exchanging ever• your supply of this tasty bolizes that Christ is the light of the greens for luck . . . but gift giving in delicacy today! Just fill world. It must be kept burning through• the Christian sense was begun by the •MYWME in quantity desired and out the Christmas season, so it is said, Wise Men with their offerings of Gold, your name and address. and a portion carefully stored away to Frankincense and Myrrh and was '"^niiiiiiiiri**^ light the new log in the following year. adopted as symbolizing that God, in TAPPAHANNOCK LOCKER PLANT The Christmas candles are lit from it giving his only Son unto the world, Tappohannotk, Virginio . . and as soon as it was brought into the gave the greatest of all gifts. (Gold de• PARCEL POST PREPAID DELIVERED TO YOU SALT ROE HERRING house the head of the household poured noted faith triumphant over adversity; Eiii If Mill. «Hl tf Mill. wine upon it. There are enough legends Frankincense, consecrated power and • Wood Bucket of 15 . 4.00 4.75 • Wood Bucket of 30 . 7.00 8.00 to take your pick, but it is said the Ash Myrrh denoted sorrow, charity and con• SALT NORRDLK SPOT is the most popular because, an old, old secrated wealth). • Wood Bucket S Lbi. Net 5.00 5.75 story relates, the infant Jesus was first That jolly and indestructible char• NAMP bathed beside its glowing warmth. acter, "St. Nick," is a Grecian import AOORras Over 600 years old is the earliest and via Holland to America. Ageless CITY A STAT* Christmas music . . . begun by St. and wonderful he is said to date his Francis in sunny Italy in 1223 a.d. and origin back to the 4th century in the to tell the Virginia Story DECEMBER 1956 PAGE SEVENTEEN character of BLshop Nicholas of Myra, a popular Pagan custom and, of course, land (about 1841) and soon crossed the Greece, who knew of a family of both mislletoe was considered tjiiite sacred by seas to us. great poverty and pride, so he climbed the druids of ancient Britain who con• The Christmas Candles arc Irish im• upon the roof and dropped gold pieces sidered their pearl-like berries symbols ports, around which is the lovely legend down the chimney so that no one would of purity and meaning marriage. To that they are to light the Christ Child know whence they came. The Swiss, it Christians evergreens have always de• and his Mother in the dark, cold night, is said, loved the tradition but not the noted eternal life. and bid them welcome. Bishop's robes and clad St. Nick in scar• Holly, handled with care, has been let with white fur, while the Germans passed down from generation to genera• FESTIVITIES SUPPRESSED added all the rest including his beloved tion. In the early days it was believed to Between the 12th and 16th centuries, "rotundity." The Dutch who settled he "hated by witches" and those who Christmas celebrations reached their New Amsterdam, N. Y., brought him to had holly in their windows or on their peaks, and even passed it, to such an America and it was left for Clarence doors would be imnmne from "spells," extent that after the Reformation Moore to immortalize him in "The but later, the bright red berries and Christmas festivities were suppressed, Night Before Christmas." |jri( kly leaves were symbolic that the even to religious celebration and in When "St. Nick's" gold pieces were new babe born in Bethlehem was des• 1642 there was an ordinance forbidding dropped down the chimney, 'tis said a tined to wear a crown of thorns. Holly (hurch services but the people paid lit• stocking was hanging by the mantel to has also meant hospitality. The circled tle heed. Then the Briush Parliament, dry . . . and there began another tra• wreath, eternitv. in 1647 ordained that Christmas should dition, practical and with a moral at• That shining symbol of Christmas, no longer be observed, under pain of tached. 77/< Tree, comes from Germany, a punishment. Happily this was rescinded splendid, glowing descendant, no doubt There are many aliases for the "man in 1660 but in New England it was of the pageantry of the Middle Ages. in the red suit" . . . Sinter Klaas to the fn)wned upon until the second half of Among the many legends about it, all Dutch, Kris Kringle to the Germans, the 19th century. as carefully ch«Tished as the star on top, Father Christmas in England, Santa Unroll it as you will, but that tinsel- is that on the night on which Christ Claus to us . . . but what matters for wrapped bundle delivered once each was born all the trees in the forest, de• he will never be caught . . . but there year for use on December 25th has spite snow and ice, bloomed and bore is a Santa Claus! strange and wonderful fact and fantasy. fruit. This was the story of George Its many "imports" can make the barest Jacob, Arabian geographer of the 10th places glow, and warm the very cockk s MOLLY AND MISTLETOE cenutry, and it quickly spread all over of the heart. There is the Gift for every Europe. Another was that on Christmas From ancient Greece, where Druid- member of the human race, and, be• Eve there came a knock at the door and ism prevailed, we have the custom of cause of this gift, a Christmas message, a child asked for food and shelter. In decorating homes with evergreens. They but one thing is needed before all the the morning the child was gone but tl( (ked the halls with all manner of magic of Christmas can be spread out, where he had stood there bloomed a sweet-smelling greens that "the sylvan and that is an understanding heart. tr< c. and blossomed annually. Way, way sjjirits might repair to them and remain Then, to an ear attuned, there might back Virgil made reference to the Ro• unnipped by frost and cold winds" loine the jingle of Santa's sleigh bells man custom of placing images on ever• until a milder season renews the foliage, and an echo of the angels song "Glor>' greens . . . and Arabians bedecked their and Scandinavia is credited with the to God in the Highest, and on earth palms. With the marriage of Queen Vic• earliest use of the Yule Log, Holly, Ivy Peace, Goodwill toward men." and other evergreens. Early Romans toria and Prince Alb( rl, the German's also de( ked their houses with greens . . . shining tree was introduced into Eng•

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PAGE EIGHTEEN VIRGINIA RECORD Founded 1878 The Man Behind the Statue slaves guided the French party to the bafflement and hiuniliation of the young darkened plantation-house, where can• nobleman, he and his party were left to {Continued from page 3) dles were hastily lit, and the South wander aimlessly alone around the un- Late of a Junt! night, in 1777, the Carolinian came downstairs to greet the Iricndly streets of Philadelphia. ship's captain, having sailed off his unexpected, French-speaking guests. Only pride kept Lafayette from going course to avoid the British warships, As if all of this was perfectly natural, home. But, while he waited in his reached the dark coast of South Caro• Lafayette explained that he was a ignominious indecision, a letter arrived lina and was apprehensive about run• volunteer on his way to assume com• from Ben Franklin, in Paris. Explaining ning in to land through the strange mand of a division of infantry at Phil• that the French government was ruled Nsat. rs. Not at all concerned, the dash• adelphia and described leaving the ship by a few povverfid families, wily Frank• ing marquis piled his friends in a shi|)'s to arrive at Hu^t I's IUMIIC in the middle lin suggested that an "honorary" (om- boat and they were rowed ashore of the night. Major Huger, in turn, mission to the young aristocrat would around midnight. They happened to accepted all this as if it were indeed in exert favorable- influence in France. land on the plantation of a great aristo- the natural order of events, extended Eager to be rid of their problem, Con• ( rat. Major Benjamin Huger. Huger's th( (xcitcd j)arty the hospitality for gress gave Lafayette a major-generars which his ngion is famed, and next day directed them on their way.

A FAI..SK IMPRKSSION After receiving this gracious wehomr TIDEWATER GRAFTON to Colonial America, Lafayette and his Iriends were totally unprepared for the ( oldness of their reception in Philadel• VENEER GARAGE phia. Lafayette had told the truth about his "commission," as far as he knew it. CO. but he had been given a false impression by the American ag«'nt in Paris. This Grafton, Virginia agent, over-anxious to arouse the French Lansdowne Road to some support of a war against their colonial rival, had grandly promi.sed high-sounding commissions to any well- connected young Frenchmen who seemed receptive. For this the agent had not the least authority. The be• devilled Continental Congress in Phila• DODGE - PLYMOUTH delphia, having not the least intention of giving the command of several thou• FREDERICKSBURG sand troops to an eighteen-year-old Sales & Service French-speaking ornament of Paris so- VIRGINIA (iety. and having no idea of what to do with the marquis, did nothing. To the

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to tell the Virginia Story DECEMBER 1956 PAGE NINETEEN commission, which trclmic ally carried the situation, Washington wrote his threads in the rather shoddy events that division-command, but neglected to ex• Virginia-planter friend, Benjamin Har• (omposed the Revolution. It was out plain that the commission was only rison, in Philadelphia, and asked what of this friendship, and not glowing honorary. Then they dispatched him he was supposed to do with Layfayette. ideals of "democracy," that Lafayette ofT to Washington's headquarters, in his When informed that the young marquis' returned to France and made, his great delusion that he was to be given troops conunission was only honorary, Wash• (ontributions to bringing help from his to command. ington called on his native consideration icllow-countrymen to the cause of the By then Lafayette had formed the and acquired tactfulness to keep La• hard-pressed Colonials. deepest admiration for George Wash• fayette at headquarters as something ington, and he was flattered and pleased of an unofficial staff-officer. GETS TROOP COMMAND to receive the gracious hospitality which It was during this period that a filial When Lafayette returned to America, was habitual with the Virginian. How• affection developed between the lonely, Washington's trust in the young man ever, Lafayette tactfully hinted, as time childless 45-year-old Virginian and the hrd grown to the extent that he did passed, that he was waiting for his 18-year-old Parisian, and their clo.se give him troop command and, if no troops to command. Not understanding fricndshij) formed one of the bright vaulting military genius, the marcjuis performed more than adequately in Virginia and revealed that he possessed a native instinct for warfare. Perhaj)s more important to him than the glory were the friends he won in Virginia; and the first great social celebration This shameful waste held in what was then the new and unprepossessing small capital of Rich• WEAKENS AMERICA R mond occurred after the Revolution, when Lafayette visited George Wash• E ington and the two journeyed together among their friends in Virginia. M In those days Washington was first in the hearts of his countrymen. But E the country changed and the values of the great Virginian were not fashion• M able in the new-styled, lip-service "de• mocracy and equality" that is now (urrent. Neither he nor his young B friend personally represented any of those noble abstractions by which his• E tory has pinned them to the wall like Head butterflies. They were both all too R human. And it is the accomplishments v1 Washington made out of his sim|)!c humanity which give us a heritage we /6>5W>w^^-0nly you can are too inclined to accept, without .'ippreciating what it really was. PREVENT GRASS FIRES only you can mm mm imi A. ADAMS

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PAGE TWENTY VIRGINIA RECORD Founded 1878 TOM GARVIN {Continued jrom page 12) talented Richmond sculptor, who has guided so many young artists of the // Tou Like to Shop, You'll Love clay, marble and bronze medium along the road to success. In Tom Garvin's studio is a bust portrait of Legnaioli by his pupil who remarked with affection, "I owe him a great debt." Under Mr. Legnaioli, young Garvin worked by day in the .sculptor's studio, -^HARRISONBURG. VA. "a real one,'* and at night studied under him at the Virginia Mechanic Institute. There he won First Honor and received in consequence his first commission, a bust of his boyhood friend. Dr. Herbert Cohn. Always with his sights set on further study, and the necessity to earn both bread and further ex|)eri( ii(c. he was Windsor Auto Auction given a work scholarship at the Ric h• mond Professional Institute keeping the auditorium in order for lectures, etc. Highway 460 A break came when RPI staged a sculpture exhibit and Garvin's knowl• edge of the art stood him well in help• Dial 2551 or 1-2931 ing to organize the event. In conse• quence he was given a free scholarship for two years in the fine arts depart• ment. While there, he studied under Sdle Every Thursday Marion Junkin and Theresa Pollak. The scholarship ended, Tom looked toward^ New York as so many young artists have 10:00 A.M. done. So by the skin of his teeth—mate• rially, he moved to the big city, got a job as night cashier in a Child's res• taurant, and established himself with Windsor, Virginia two other students in a small flat in Brooklvn on the share-and-share-alike

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PAGE TWENTY-TWO VIRGINIA RECORD Founded 1878 Most of the funds for the new wing, MASONRY IN THE COMMONWEALTH which came earlier from Virginia Ma• {Continued from page 9) sons, were released at the urging of Charles M. Lankford, Jr., State Com• scars that men carried to their graves, with animation. One of them. Dr. missioner of Fisheries, when he was scars on minds that men passed on to George Potts, had been trying, hereto• Grand Master in 1952. Masonic funds su( (ceding generations, scars upon the fore unsuccessfully, to interest the also went earlier in this century to landscape that Nature has since healed Grand Lodge in establishing an asylum build the George W. Wright Pavilion, over, and scars even on the Masonic for orphaned children of Masons. The near Charlottesville, which is now part fraternity — Northern and Southern other man was Captain A. G. Babcock, of the state's hospital system. In naming Masons have difTerent names for some a member of Dove Lodge No. 51. At this facility built for fraternity brothers of the ranks in their order. that dinner Captain Babcock made the who became tubercular, the members Masonry went with Virginians, via (A\i-i which led to the home's founding: honored another of their Grand Masters the military lodge, into the mud of He would give $5,000 in cash and 44/2 —this man, who held the office in 1899, battlefields and into the cannon's acres on Nine Mile Road, some two was one of Virginia's most influential mouth. Little is known today of the miles east of Richmond on the Seven Masons. military lodges formed by Masons in Pines Railroad. All great movements, it seems, must their army units, except that the mili• In 1890, the home opened. bear the shouts and vigorous destructive tary lodge also was known in Masonry's efforts of di.ssidents. Virginia's Masonry earlier days. There is a tradition that has prospered and, if it was touched General Robert E. Lee was a member by reaction to Morgan's disappearance of such a group, but there is no docu• and Wirt's Anti-Masonic campaign, it mentary evidence to support that tra• has been nurtured and dignified by a dition. long line of well-beloved men. When the hurricane of Civil War Greatest of these is Washington, re• fire finally engulfed Richmond and membered today in many ways. In Federal troops occupied the city, .some Fredericksburg, where he became a of the older members of Richmond- Ma.son, the lodge has preserved the Randolph Lodge No. 19 asked the Bible on which he obligated himself. commandant of the troops to protect Still used are the ceremonial furnishings their Mason's Hall on East Franklin of the master's station that were there Street between Eighteenth and Nine• more than 200 years ago when Wash• teenth Streets. The commandant, Gen• ington was initiated. eral Godfrey Weitzel, was a Mason And there is, rising higher above sea himself and he posted the requested level than the Washington Monument sentinels. in the nation's capital, the George Thus, through the bonds of Masonic Washington Masonic National Me• friendship, Richmond is in the position Oldest Masonic Lod^e, Richmond, at 1805 morial, conceived earlv in the present —perhaps uniquely—of being able to East Franklin Street. century by Virginia Masons and built trace its Masonic history in buildings. south of the Potomac with funds sub• In the old Mason's Hall, the oldest scribed by the entire fraternity. building erected in America for Ma• Fifty years later. The Richmond Xews Others of those who have dignified sonic purposes, are mementoes today of Leader would say editorially: "the at• the movement during the Grand the 1824 meeting when the lodge made mosphere created at the home and the Lodge's 178-year history include the honorary members of General Lafayette education provi(l(d should cause decjj 16 Grand Secretaries and the 17 Grand and his nephew, George Washington satisfaction among all members of the Treasurers. Both are offices held for Lafayette. order throughout the state. Fifty years long terms by men devoted to Masonry, is a period long enough to test true In addition to Mason's Hall there is, by men who provide a continuity to the values. For the Masonic Home it has standing at the northeast corner of Grand Lodge as men advanced through been sufficient time for hundreds of Third and Main Streets in Richmond, the chairs of office to Grand Master. young men and young women, reared the building to which Ma.sons moved by this remarkable establishment, to go William Henrv Fitzwhylsonn was the some of their offices in 1869. It is the forth and perform to the fullest extent first such Grand Secretary. A booksell• old St. Alban's Hall, dedicated March their tasks of citizenship. . . By their er, founder of the Musical Society of 2, 1869. lives and by their prominent records Richmond, mayor of the city and city The present Masonic Temple on as citizens they will testify to the great magistrate during his life, he was Grand Broad and Adams Streets was com- work accomplished by the Masons for Secretary from 1797 to 1824, and was |)leted in 1890, on land that residents the benefit of the children of their order Grand Master from 1832 to 1834. then said had been used for nothing and for the benefit of the state." Virginia's eleventh Grand Secretary, more substantial than a coal and wood Torlay Masons have extended the revered for his service, was Dr. John yard. Dove. Nationally recognized as a Ma• facilities of their home to include the Well into their .second hundred years, sonic ritualist, administrator, scholar aged. Thirty elderly persons live in a Virginia's Masons in the late nineteenth and historian. Dr. Dove was Grand century placed their greatest corner• new wing that was opened May 1, Secretary from 1835 until 1875. He stone: the Masonic Home of Virginia, 1955, and 50 children live at the home; was for many years president of Rich• outgrowth of a dinner at Reugers all 80 of them come under the direction mond's Common Council; and he left Restaurant in Richmond in December, of Fred W. Troy, the home's executive behind him the first works that students 1889. The two men at the table talked director. of Freemasonry in this state have been to tell the Virginia Sfory DECEMBER 1956 PAGE TWENTY-THREE able to refer to with authority. He com• Now 73, Dr. Hillman is a distinguish• assistant State Superintendent of Vir• piled discourses and articles on early ed, white-haired, erect man with clear ginia Public Schools and president of Masonic history in the Old Dominion gaze, ready smile and fund of Masonic Emory and Henry College. and he compiled and edited the reprint lore committed to memory. He became In Masonry he has served as Grand of the Proceeding of the Grand Lodge a Mason in 1905 in Coeburn Lodge No. Master (1938) and has held offices in of Virginia, 1777-1823, the Royal Arch 97, near his birthplace in Wi.se County. local lodges and in the Knights Tem- Text Book of 1853, and some editions The College of William and Mary in jjlar. He has been master of Virginia of the Methodical Digest. Williamsburg is where he earned three Research Lodge No. 1777 since it was Following Dr. Dove as Grand Secre• degrees and became a member of Phi chartered in 1950, and he has received tary were William B. Isaacs, George W. Beta Kappa scholastic fraternity. the other great award the Masons can Carrington, Charles A. Nesbitt, James Before taking his present position, give their best members, the thirty-third M. Clift from 1926 until 1945" and Dr. Hillman was an educator—princ i- degree, highest in the fraternity. today's "grand old man of Masonry," pal of Williamsburg High School, su• Also devoted to their work through Dr. James Noah Hillman. perintendent of Wise County schools, the years, although farther removed from the public's eyes, have been the Grand Treasurers, from Dr. John Min- son Gait to J. G. Seelinger today. On football teams and in armies, the AUGUSTA NATIONAL BANK men who call the plays are the personi• fication of the group, even though their positions are dependent upon a pyra• THE TREND IS TO THE mid of co-workers. So it is with Mason• AUGUSTA ry—the Grand Master carries the pres• tige of the entire order upon his shoul• ders, representing Virginia Ma.sonry STAUNTON, VA. while he occupies the office. Clothed in the ceremonial garments of that office now is Willis V. Fentress, Civil Justice of Norfolk. Born there April 2, 1892, he practiced law for years before being appointed Civil Justice on April 16, 1937, by appointment of Gov• FARMER'S CREAMERY CO., INC. ernor George C. Peery. Judge Fentress and others who will folluw him as Grand Master tradition• ally Grand Lodge officers are moved up one office a year, putting An her B. Gay. of Richmond; Earl S. Wallace, of Fredericksburg, Va. Tazewell; Samuel Dexter Forbes, of Charlottesville; Charles Malone Flint- oflT. of Suffolk, and Edmund Carroll Glover, of Victoria, in line in that or• der—are inheritors of a i i( h tradition and reputation of office built through i^cnerations. Predecessors of today's Grand Mas- t( Is. in addition to Blair, Mercer, Ran• dolph and Marshall, Lankford and W'ritrht, include nilici pioniineiU men: BANK OF BLAND COUNTY kdhert Brooke, one-time Virginia CJov- ernor and Attorney General; William Waller Henning. compiler of the 13- volume Statutes at Large of Virginia: Capital and Surplus $165,000.00 j<()l)( I t CJ. S(ott. who revised the Crim• inal Code of the state; Alexander Mc- Crae, trustee of Richmond Academv: Total Resources Over $2,000,000.00 Dr. John H. Foushee who, with his father. Dr. William Foushee. pioneend in the art of vaccination in Virginia, BLAND and William Booth Taliaferro, Major VIRGINIA General of Virginia Volunteers and commander at Harper's Ferry during John Brown's disturbanc i s Member F. D. I. G. There will, Dr. Hillman feels, be more as Virginia Masonry, older than Depository for Federal, State and County Funds the nation's |)resent government itself, (ontirmes to move forward with ihv nation.

PAGE TWENTY-FOUR VIRGINIA RECORD Founded 1878 UNIVERSAL CIRCLE founded on trust in God whatever may be his church or denominational affilia• OF "FRIENDSHIP tion. AND LOVE" There are approximately 67,000 Ma• sons in Virginia. They represent a good {Continued from page 5) cross-section of Virginia's citizenship. Certainly they represent all Protestant No. 22, (now Alexandria-Washington denominations, and many fine members Lodge, No. 22) and by whom Judge of the Jewish faith. The Roman Catho• Blair was appointed to the highest Court lics have cho.sen to exclude themselves. in the land. Judge James Mercer, akso It is not claimed that all good men a member of Virginia's Highest Court are Masons, or that all Masons are was the .second Grand Master of Ma• good, but it is claimed the average for sons in Virginia. The great Chief Jus- gocxl citizenship is high, and that some tic e, John Marshall, was also a Grand of the best men of almost every com• Master. Edmund Randolph was Grand munity are members of this great Fra- Master at the same time that he was tcrnity. ^ Governor of Virginia. Robert Brooke was also both Governor and Grand Master at one and the same time.

OMEONE WILL SAY that thcsc aic 18th THE BANK OF WAVERLY, Inc S ccntur>' leaders, and that the leaders of today are less interested. It might be Member: well to recall that the late James H. Price, former Governor of Virginia, was FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION a Past Grand Master. The present Gov• ernor, Hon. Thomas B. Stanley, and Senator Harry F. Byrd are members of FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM the Craft. A high percentage of the WAVERLY, VIRGINIA members of Congress, in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, are members of Masonic Lodges distributed across the length and breadth of America. Good character is the basis for gain• ing admission in a Masonic Lodge. The The Baiili of Appomattox butc her, the baker, and the candlestick APPOMATTOX, VIRGINIA maker arc eligible if they are men of sound moral worth and unquestioned integrity. There is no religious test, but no atheist can be a Mason because all who petition for the Masonic Degrees MEMBER F.D.I.C. must subscribe to a belief in God. Masonry excludes no one whose faith is

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