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Species Diversity and Abundance in Subfamily Catocalinae (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) from Kashmir Himalaya

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Species Diversity and Abundance in Subfamily Catocalinae (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) from Kashmir Himalaya Ann. Entomol., 31(1) : 1-8 (2013) ISSN 0970-3721 SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN SUBFAMILY CATOCALINAE (NOCTUIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) FROM KASHMIR HIMALAYA by Jagbir S. Kirti1, Mudasir Ah. Dar2 & Z.H. Khan3 1,2Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University Patiala India 3Division of Entomology, SKUAST-K Shalimar J&K E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Twenty-seven species of Catocalinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) were recorded at four study sites during 2010-12. The survey yielded 564 individuals under 18 genera. The highest number of species (25) were recorded at Gulmarg with an altitudinal distribution ranging from 2500-4000m asl (above sea level) followed by 20 species at Pahalgam with an altitudinal range 2500-3500m asl. Eleven species from Yousmarg at 2500m asl and eight species were recorded at Srinagar at an altitudinal range 1400-2000m asl. Most of the species were observed during summer season with July being the peak. The moths were sampled with different types of light traps. The predominant species recorded throughout the investigation was Drasteria cailino (14.18%) followed by Ophiusa triphaenoides (10.28%) and the least abundant species recorded was Ophiusa trapezium (0.21%) of the overall catch respectively. The calculated value showed that the diversity and richness was highest at Gulmarg followed by Pahalgam and lowest at Srinagar. The population abundance of each species recorded was studied. Keywords : Species Diversity, Catocalinae, Kashmir Himalaya Introduction (Goater et al. 2003; Jordan and Warren 1909-1914; The Catocalinae are a predominantly tropical Kononenko 1990, 2005; Kononenko et al. 1998; subfamily and are often traditionally taken to Sugi and Owada 1982; Yoshimoto 1994) reveals include the subfamily Ophiderinae. Together these that only a few species (Catocala uljanae) having two subfamilies account for over half of the plain hindwings have been known so far (Sinyaev species of world Noctuidae (Mathew 2001). It is 2007). Proboscis fully developed eyes naked, widely distributed in India. At present the normal frenulum and retinaculum. Hindwing vein subfamily includes 90 genera and 130 species M--2 strong arising close to the lower angle of in India. Catocalinae are medium to large-sized cell. Mid tibiae spined. Second segment of labial moths, known for their cryptically patterned palpi not thickened, Male genitalia with forewings and their brightly colored hindwings, asymmetrical valvae and female genitalia with which are boldly striped with red, yellow, orange, well developed genital plate. Catocalinae are a and white. Adults, like most moths, are nocturnal predominantly tropical dispersed subfamily and insects, resting by day on tree trunks where their often traditionally taken to include the subfamily dull colored forewings provide concealment from Ophiderinae. In Sir George Hampson’s birds and other predators. Catocala moths are exhaustive treatise on the Indian series, moths’ worldwide in distribution, mostly in temperate volumes (II & III. 1894-1895), he recorded the regions, with a few species found in Central noctuid moths under ten subfamilies. Lafontaine America, Southeast Asia, and Formosa (Forbes and Fibiger (2006) divided the Catocalinae into 1954). Review of literature about Catocala species 18 tribes. Kitching (1984) united Catocalinae Correspondence: *Biodiversity and Biosystematics Laboratory Division of Entomology SKUAST-K Shalimar J&K 2 Jagbir S. Kirti, Mudasir Ah. Dar & Z.H. Khan (presence of spines on the mid-tibia) and (Guenée) Ophiusa trapezium (Guenée) have also Ophiderinae (absence of spines on the mid-tibia) been recorded as fruit piercing moths. It may be into one group Catocalinae. However, Speidel et noted that these moths cause so severe damage al. (1996) suggested a division of Catocalinae that entire orchards are almost or nearly and Ophiderinae complex into two groups. The destroyed (Banziger 1982). two subfamilies, Catocalinae (type genus The present study demonstrates the species Catocala Schrank) and Ophiderinae (type genus diversity, richness and abundance in Catocalinae Othreis Hübner), are unified into one Catocalinae from four different location of Kashmir Himalaya. by the possession of a chitinous projection from the inner margin of the tympanal frame (Holloway Material and Methods 2005). Together these two subfamilies account Study Area: for over half of the species of Noctuidae in the Gulmarg: It is located at 34.05°N 74.38°E. world. Francy and George (2005-2006) studied It has an average elevation of 2,690 m (8,825 ft). the genitalia morphology of some species of the With temperatures ranging from 25 to 30 °C, subfamily Ophiderinae. He defined the uncus as known for its vegetation and wildlife, is spread well developed in all species of the subfamily across an area of 180 sq. km and rests at an Ophiderinae. Sivasankaran et al (2011; 2012) altitude of 2400 to 4300 m above sea level. A studied external genitalia morphology of the rich and varied flora and fauna are the main subfamily Catocalinae and presented new attractions of the Gul Marg Biosphere Reserve records of Catocalinae from the Tamil Nadu state of Kashmir. Dominating in the rich green cover and whole of India. of the area are the conifers, accounting for over Catocalinae contains numerous agricultural 90 percent of the vegetation. Aesculus indica, pests, which are of considerable economic Pinus griffithii, Cedrus deodara, Abies pindrow importance. The larvae feed on certain etc consist of the major species. Embracing the agricultural crops, a wide variety of trees, shrubs ground of the Kashmir, Gulmarg Biosphere and a majority of them are associated with Reserve consisting of Sorbaria tomentosa, horticulture (Kenneth 2009). These include both Viburnum spp., Indigofera heterantha, etc., along defoliating larvae and fruit-piercing adults, with with the Dicotyledonus herbs. the occasional occurrence of both within the same Pahalgam is located at 34.01°N 75.19°E. It genus or species. The defoliators affect both tree has an average elevation of 2740 metres and field crops; some can have impacts on forest (8989 feet). This world famous hill station is plantations. Many of the genera included in 95 km from Srinagar and only 45km from the Catocalinae, particularly those in which the District Head Quarter at Anantnag and located moths have relatively robust bodies, have been on the banks of river Lidder at an altitude of noted to feed as adults on fruits. Several species 7200 ft. from sea level. The area holds a rich have a modified tongue to facilitate piercing cover of vegetation, the dominant forest mammalian skin and to suck blood. The larvae consisting of conifers. The major shrubs are of four species, viz. Achaea janata (Linnaeus), Indigofera heterantha, Viburnum spp., Sorbaria Achaea melicerta (Linnaeus), Parallelia algira tomentosa etc. the ground cover is very rich and (Linnaeus), and Parallelia stuposa (Linnaeus), dicotyledonus herbs dominate; Rumex patientia, behave as semiloopers and damage castor. The Primula spp., Anemone spp., etc. Betaab Valley bolls of American cotton are known to the is a very famous tourist spot situated at a seriously attacked by the larvae of Mocis frugalis distance of 15 kilometers from Pahalgam. The (Fabricius). Besides this, quite a good number of Valley is towards northeast of Pahalgam and falls species of this group has association with between Pahalgam and Chandanwadi. The valley horticultural vegetation. Apart from this, the surrounded by lush green meadows, snow clad species Lagoptera juno (Dalman), Pericyma mountains and covered with dense vegetation. glaucinans (Guenée), Pericyma umbrina Yousmarg is located at 33.83°N 75.30°E. It Ann. Entomol., 31(1) : 1-8 (2013) Species Diversity and abundance in subfamily Catocalinae from Kashmir Himalaya 3 has an average elevation of 2,396 m (7,861 ft), Himalaya, viz. Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Yousmarg a hill station in the western part of Kashmir and Srinagar with an altitudinal distribution Valley. It is situated 47 km south of Srinagar. It ranging from 1400-4000m amsl and has resulted is an alpine valley covered with snow clad a total of 564 individuals of Catocalinae. Moths mountains and the meadows of Pine and Fir, It were collected with the help of six different types lies 13 km south of Charari Sharief a town of light traps, viz. Bucket trap, Mercury trap, of Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir. It is Modified Mercury trap, Ordinary light trap, Tube situated at the bank of Doodganga River which light trap and Mosquito killer trap. The moths is a tributary of Jehlum River. A popular tourist coming to rest on the cloth were captured with destination nestled within the magnificent Pir the help of killing jars containing ethyl acetate Panjal peaks, a sub range of Himalaya. It lies at and tetrachloroethane, some of the analyzed an altitude of 2396 metres above sea level. The specimens have also been collected from street town of Yusmarg enjoys a sub tropical climate lamp lights or on flowers during the night by and the basic seasons in this town are those of battery lamp. Photophilous moths were collected summer and winter. The maximum temperature during nightfall and by night in both forest and ranges around thirty degrees during and the crop areas. After killing the specimens were minimum temperature ranges around eighteen pinned and stretched properly and preserved in degrees during the summer months. insect cabinets. The specimens were identified Temperatures start coming down only from with the help of available literature and other September. Winters in the town of Yusmarg are electronic and non-electronic sources. The male during the months of October, November, genitalia of the species were dissected out for December, January, February, and March. These confirmation of species identification. For months experience a maximum temperature of taxonomic study forewing and hindwing of each fifteen degrees (15°C) to eight degrees (8°C) and species were detached from the body of an adult a minimum temperature of around minus two by giving upward jerk followed by dipping into degrees (-2°C).
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