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Initial Environmental Examination Initial Environmental Examination August 2013 Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program (MFF, Project 1) Prepared by the Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB) for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) CURRENCY EQUIVALENT (as of 15 June 2013) Currency unit – Mongolian Tughrik (MNT) MNT1.00 = $ 0.00069 $1.00 = MNT 1,450 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank C-EMP contractor’s environmental management plan CWWTP Central Wastewater Treatment Plant EIA environmental impact assessment EMP environmental management plan EMR environmental monitoring report GOM Government of Mongolia GRM grievance redress mechanism IEC information, education and communication IEE initial environmental examination MEGD Ministry of Environment and Green Development MFF Multitranche Financing Facility MNT Mongolian Tughrik MUB Municipality of Ulaanbaatar PMO Project Management Office PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SES-WTPS Socio-Economic Survey and Willingness to Pay for Services SRA Subcenter Redevelopment Authority P1-EMP environmental management plan for Project 1 USD United States Dollar USIP Ulaanbaatar Services Improvement Project USUG Ulaanbaatar Water and Sewerage Authority WHO World Health Organization WEIGHTS AND MEASURES O C - degree Centigrade g or gm - gram GW - gigawatt ii h - hour ha - hectare km - kilometer km2 - square kilometer KV - kilovolt KW - kilowatt KWh - kilo-watt hour l - liter LAeq - Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level m - meter mi - mile mph - mile per hour m/s - meter per second m3 - cubic meter m3/d - cubic meter per day m3/s - cubic meter per second mg - milligram mg/l - milligram per liter mg/m3 - milligram per cubic meter mm - millimeter MPa - Mega-pascal MW - Mega-watt pcu/h - passenger car unit per hour t - metric ton t/d - metric ton per day t/a - metric ton per annum μ - micron NOTES In the report, “$” refers to US dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. iii Table of Contents I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 6 A. Project Introduction and Purpose ............................................................................ 6 B. Description of the Environment ............................................................................... 7 C. Alternatives ............................................................................................................. 8 D. Project Benefits ....................................................................................................... 9 E. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Risks ....................................................... 10 F. Public Consultation and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ........................... 12 G. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ................................................. 12 H. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 12 II. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 14 A. Introduction and Purpose ...................................................................................... 14 B. Environmental Categorization, ADB and MON Safeguards Requirements ............ 15 C. Structure of this IEE Report ................................................................................... 15 III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................ 17 A. Mongolia’s Environmental Policy ........................................................................... 17 A. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ................................... 19 IV. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ..................................................................................... 24 A. Justification and Rationale .................................................................................... 24 B. Overview of Tranche 1 Components and Subprojects ........................................... 27 C. Component (1): Construction of sewage network extension .................................. 33 D. Component (2): Roads and Urban Services .......................................................... 33 E. Component (3): Social and Economic Infrastructures ........................................... 39 F. Component (4): Multi-interventions in USUG ......................................................... 41 G. Definition of the Project’s Area of Influence ........................................................... 42 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE) ............................................... 47 A. General ................................................................................................................. 47 B. Geography, Topography and Geology ................................................................... 47 C. Climate ................................................................................................................. 51 D. Hydrology, Surface Water Quality ......................................................................... 53 E. Groundwater ......................................................................................................... 55 F. Air Quality .............................................................................................................. 56 G. Noise .................................................................................................................... 57 H. Soil Quality ........................................................................................................... 57 I. Climate Change ..................................................................................................... 58 J. Natural Disasters ................................................................................................... 60 K. Ecological Resources ........................................................................................... 61 L. Physical Cultural Resources ................................................................................. 62 M. Socio-Economic Indicators .................................................................................... 62 N. Housing and Access to Basic Services in Ger Areas ............................................. 64 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................... 67 A. With- and Without-Project Alternatives .................................................................. 67 B. Alternatives Related to Project Design .................................................................. 68 VII. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ................. 73 A. Positive Impact and Environmental Benefits ......................................................... 73 B. Screening of Potential Impacts .............................................................................. 76 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures Associated with Project Location, Planning and Design 80 4 D. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction ................... 82 E. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation ....................... 91 F. Indirect, Induced and Cumulative Impacts ............................................................. 94 G. Unanticipated Impacts during Construction and Operation .................................... 95 VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ................... 96 A. Public Consultation during Project Preparation ..................................................... 96 B. Future Public Consultation and Participation ......................................................... 98 IX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) .......................................................... 100 A. Current Practice in Mongolia ............................................................................... 100 B. Grievance Redress Mechanism for Tranche 1 .................................................... 100 C. Types of Grievance Expected and Eligibility Assessment .................................... 101 D. GRM Steps and Timeframe ................................................................................. 102 X. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................... 106 XI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................ 108 XII. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION ..................................................................... 109 A. Project Benefits ................................................................................................... 109 B. Major Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures and Management Plan .. 109 C. Project Risks and Assurances ............................................................................. 110 D. Overall Conclusion .............................................................................................
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