Fsoa Safe/Persistent Standing Research Project
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FSOA SAFE/PERSISTENT STANDING RESEARCH PROJECT RESEARCHER: JIM CHALMERS, HONORARY PRESIDENT, FOOTBALL SAFETY OFFICERS ASSOCIATION September 2011 1 FOOTBALL SAFETY OFFICERS ASSOCIATION ABSTRACT: This paper describes the first piece of research carried out with members of the Football Safety Officers Association (FSOA) of their views relating to the provision of safe standing terraces in the top two Divisions of English football, namely the Premier League and the Football League Championship. This results from a Bill currently progressing through Parliament which if passed as law would allow such a provision. The research also seeks to understand whether there is any relationship between the lack of safe standing terraces in all seated stadium and persistent standing in seated areas at football grounds. INTRODUCTION: In his final report into the Hillsborough Stadium Disaster when 96 football fans were killed by crushing on the Leppings Lane standing terrace, Lord Justice Taylor said: ‘There is no panacea which will achieve total safety and cure all problems of behaviour and crowd control. But I am satisfied that seating does more to achieve these objectives than any other single measure’. Taylor Report, January 1990: Para 61. His final report contained 76 recommendations to improve safety at sports grounds. Recommendation 1 stated: ‘The Secretary of State should ensure that spectators are admitted only to seated accommodation at matches played at sports grounds designated under the Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975 in accordance with the timing set out in recommendations 2 to 4 of this report’. Taylor Report, January 1990: Page 76. The timetable for this process was recommended as the start of the 1994/95 season for the top two football Divisions and the start of the 1999/2000 season for the lower two football Divisions. In 1992 the Government relaxed this requirement for the lower two Divisions providing their standing terraces met the highest standards of safety. Government therefore did not force Clubs to replace their standing terraces with seated accommodation but instead created the offence of admitting spectators to other than seated accommodation on a match day and anyone involved in allowing this would be guilty of an offence. To put it another way if Liverpool F.C. 2 had wanted to retain the Kop standing terrace as a museum piece they could do so but the moment they admitted spectators onto the terrace on a match day those responsible for doing so would have been guilty of an offence. The requirement for spectators to only be admitted to seated accommodation in our top two Divisions is enforced by a licence issued annually by the Football Licensing Authority (FLA) under the provisions of the Football Spectators Act 1989, the Act which created the FLA and gave the Authority its powers of enforcement. The FLA has also used its licensing function to ensure that standing terraces in the lower two Divisions comply with their criteria for ‘safe standing’ terraces. Since 1991 therefore all Clubs in our top two Divisions have complied with the FLA licensing criteria in with regard to the provision of seated accommodation for spectators. Where a Club is promoted into the top two Divisions the FLA will normally grant them three seasons to meet the ‘all seated’ requirements. Dispensations will also be allowed for extended periods if a Club is building a new stadium or carrying out major redevelopment of their existing ground. As a consequence of the FLA licence therefore ‘all seated’ stadium in our top two Divisions are now regarded as the norm. ‘All seated’ stadium have however created an unexpected phenomenon, namely spectators persistently standing in seated areas. At the time the ‘all seated’ requirement was being enforced it is suggested that the Government, the FLA and the football authorities envisaged this consequence but in the debate on ‘safe standing’ areas in our top two Divisions it is suggested that this phenomenon cannot be ignored. At present the only organisation to offer a definition of what is meant by persistent standing is the FSOA and is: ‘Supporters will be considered to be persistently standing should they continue to stand after being requested to sit by a steward, police officer or agent of the Club’. As persistent standing has become more prevalent so has the call by fans, Parliamentarians and others for the provision of safe standing areas in our top two Divisions. There are those who argue that the two issues are inexorably linked. SAFE STANDING: In 2007 the Football Supporters Federation (FSF) submitted their case to Government for safe standing areas to be allowed in the PL and CL in their document ‘A case for safe standing at major football stadia in England and Wales – A 21st century solution’. 3 The Government response of 13 November 2007 was that whilst willing to listen to all representations on this issue and being prepared to review the policy if appropriate, the Government stated it was content that the all seater policy remained appropriate at the current time and that allowing standing areas would be a retrograde step and not in the wider interest of the game. This remains the current Government policy. Over the years various Parliamentarians have given their support for the construction of ‘safe standing’ areas in our top two Divisions. The most recent support has come from the Rt.Hon.Don Foster MP and other members of Parliament who in an early day motion Bill ‘Safe Standing (Football Stadia)’ presented before Parliament on 7 December 2010 proposed: ‘To give all football Clubs the freedom to build, or maintain existing, safe standing sections in their stadia if they choose; to establish minimum safety criteria that must be met for standing sections in football stadia; and for connected purposes. Hansard Column 188. The Bill is due to have its second reading on 21 October 2011. In the Bill before Parliament and in the submission by the FSF they are not seeking to have the provision of safe standing areas made compulsory. Nor are they seeking the return of large standing terraces which prevailed at the time of the Hillsborough Stadium disaster. What they are seeking is that if a Club wants to provide safe standing areas and it is what their fans want then they should be allowed to so. They also want those Clubs promoted into the CL and PL to be allowed to retain existing standing terraces should they wish to do so. In March 2011 the MP convened a meeting of all interested parties at which the Vice Chair of the FSOA represented the Association. Around the table there were those in favour and those against the proposal with the pros being mainly the FSF and the Parliamentarians. The football authorities are strongly opposed to safe standing areas in our top two Divisions. At the end of the meeting it was agreed that there was need to seek further evidence from interested parties and that is the current situation. THE FSOA RESPONSE: The FSOA considers its members to be key stake holders in this debate since whatever is decided by Government will have significant implications for those charged with the onerous responsibilities of ensuring the care, safety and provision of customer service of everyone attending football stadium on a match 4 day, namely the Club Safety Officer. It was recognized that whilst individual Safety Officers will have an opinion on the provision of ‘safe standing’ areas and persistent standing in seated areas no research had ever been conducted seeking the views Safety Officers on these issues. The FSOA National Executive Committee (NEC) determined therefore to institute a research project involving all Safety Officer members in the PL, CL, Leagues 1 and 2 and the National Stadium to enable the Association to make an informed decision on what the Association policy should be relating to the provision of ‘safe standing’ terraces and any relationship this may have with persistent standing in seated areas. Jim Chalmers, the Association Honorary President was asked to conduct the research project on behalf of the Association and present the findings to the NEC. THE RESEARCH PROJECT: Methodology: The FSOA NEC left the methodology for the research project solely at my discretion. I determined that the research method should be a ‘survey’ since this was the best method to obtain information which can be analysed, patterns extracted and comparisons made. For the purpose of this research project a postal questionnaire was chosen as the most suitable method of data collection. In this respect therefore the methodology adopted suited a quantitative research project since it involves the collection and presentation of numerical data from a large number of respondents which can be codified and subjected to detailed statistical testing. However within the research methodology an opportunity exists for the research respondents to include qualitative comment Postal Survey Quationnnaire: A Postal Survey Questionnaire (PSQ) was therefore selected as the most appropriate research instrument since it enabled the entire population (Safety Officer members of a total of 89 Premier League, Football League and National Stadium) to be reached as part of the research process. The objective was to seek a response from the Safety Officers employed at each Club and National Stadium. Designing a good questionnaire is more difficult than might be imagined. There is a general misconception that anyone who can write plain English and has a modicum of common sense can produce a good questionnaire. This is why at a very early stage I sought the advice of Professor Steve Frosdick, an FSOA member, and took on board his counsel with regards to the PSQ design. Both I and the FSOA appreciate him giving up so much of his valuable time in assisting me throughout the research project.