Relevance of Moving Recent and Historic Upstream Contaminants for Hamburgs Dredging Strategy and the North Sea

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE Relevance of moving recent and historic upstream contaminants for Hamburgs dredging strategy and the North Sea

Henrich Röper, Maja Karrsch, Rolf Lüschow, Hamburg Port Authority René Schwartz, Ilka Carls, Ministry of Environment & Energy, Hamburg

15SEDNET June – SEDIMENTS 2017, Genoa ON THE MOVE Relevance of moving recent and historic upstream contaminants for Hamburgs dredging strategy and the North Sea

Relevance for the Estuary and the Sea? Outlook 01 05 02 Dredging for Navigation

Impact of the PCB incident on dredged 03 sediments

Influence for dredged material 04 management - North Sea disposal

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 2 01

Relevance for the Estuary?

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 3 Baltic Sea

North Sea ?

Hamburg, Germany

Berlin, Germany

Schmilka D/CZ Border Giant Mountains, Czech Republic

Prague, Czech Republic

Source: Google Port of Hamburg

• Germany‘s biggest port • influenced by tide • 100 km distance to North Sea

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 5 Birds / Habitats (Natura 2000)

SEDNET – SEDIMENTSWadden ON THE MOVE Sea Sediments from upstream and the North Sea

10:1

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 7 Todays contamination

p,p‘ DDE p,p‘ DDD PCB-180 TBT p,p‘ DDT

Cd PCB-138 PCDD/F HCB Hg Zn PCB-153 Pb

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 02

Dredging for Navigation

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 9 Dredged Material Management Concept

BENEFICIAL USE NORTH SEA DISPOSAL DISPOSAL

RELOCATION HAMBURG

LOW CONTAMINATION TREATMENT North Sea placement 1 - 3 mio m3/a Relocation within river 4 - 8 mio. m3/a

HIGH OR SPECIFIC CONTAMINATION Land treatment and disposal up to 0,5 - 1 mio m3/a

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 10 Land treatment and disposal

▶ Regular river maintenance total cost: ~ 75 Mio. € per year!

▶ Land treatment: 1/5 of volume, but 3/4 of cost!

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 11 Hydrological conditions – Headwater discharge

[m³/s] 1100 Abflußjahr: 1000 94% 2013/ 2014 900 2014/ 2015 2015/ 2016 800

65% 2016/ 2017 700 MQ₅₀

600

55% 51%

500 62% 71% 400 300 200 100 0 Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 12 Hydrological conditions – Turbidity

2013 /2014 100 2014 /2015 90 2015 /2016 2016 /2017 80 von 1995 Bis 2013 70

Trübung [TE/F] Trübung 40

0 Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 13 Development of Dredged material amounts (Hamburg only)

Relocation North Sea Landtreatment Total Amount Hamburg

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 14 03

Impact of the PCB incident on dredged sediments

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 15 Possible impact on the sediments in the estuary / Port of Hamburg

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 16 Possible impact on the sediments in the estuary / Port of Hamburg

SF Wedel (S-Fang) = 2013: 2,7 - 2,8 // 2016: 2,8 - 3,2 2013: 2,4 2013: 4,3 2016: 3,5 2016: 3,0 2013: 3,1 2013: 2,2 2013: 2,2 2016: 2,9 2016: 3,5 2016: 2,9 2013: 2,4 2016: 3,9 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 2013: 2,5 2016: 3,9

10 2013: 2,5 2013: 1,9 15 Ref-1 Außeneste 2016: 3,0 2016: 3,3 Ref-3 Köhlfleet 13 9 2013: 2,3 Ref-4 Parkhafen Norder- 2016: 2,8 Ref-5 Vorhafen elbe 2013: 2,3 Ref-6 Reiherstieg Nord 2013: 2,1 2016: 2,8 2016: 4,0 Ref-7 Hansahafen 11 12 Ref-8 Baakenhafen/Strandhafen Ref-9 Dove Elbe 2013: 2,1 2016: 3,0 Ref-10 Sandauhafen Süder Ref-11 Seehafen 4 -elbe Ref-12 Reiherstieg Vorhafen Süd Port of Hamburg (fresh settled fine sediments) 2013: 2,3 Ref-13 Rethe Neuhof 2016: 3,3 14 20 Ref-14 Bullenhausen Ref-15 Rethe Einfahrt Oortkaten (Ref-20) = 2013: 2,3 // 2016: 3,9 Stover Strand (Ref-22) = 2013: 2,2 // 2016: 4,4 22 SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 17 04

Influence for dredged material management – North Sea disposal

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 18 Why North Sea? Stakeholder involvement

• Common economic and ecologically handling of sediments in the Elbe

• Involvement of stakeholders to bring in all relevant aspects not covered by the concept (yet)

• “Consultation” of environmental NGOs, business representatives, Ministries, communities, fishery and tourism organizations etc.

Develop recommendation for the political-administrative level – consisting of a well documented report determining consesus and dissensus areas.

22 SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 19 Assessment criteria for North Sea Disposal

GÜBAK Köhlbrand Average Parameter Unit Action level 1 Action level 2 2005 - 2015 x SD Arsenic < 20 µm mg/kg TS 40 120 35 2,5 Lead < 20 µm mg/kg TS 90 270 90 5,1 Cadmium < 20 µm mg/kg TS 1,5 4,5 2,8 0,4 Chrome < 20 µm mg/kg TS 120 360 81 13 Copper < 20 µm mg/kg TS 30 90 72 7 Nickel < 20 µm mg/kg TS 70 210 43 3 Mercury < 20 µm mg/kg TS 0,7 2,1 1,8 0,2 Zinc < 20 µm mg/kg TS 300 900 613 69 TBT (Gesamtfraktion) µg/kg TS 20 300 84 46 KWST < 63 µm mg/kg TS 200 600 178,6 69,0 PAK16 < 63 µm mg/kg TS 1,8 5,5 2,5 0,9 PCB7 < 63 µm µg/kg TS 13 40 20,9 5,2 a-HCH < 63 µm µg/kg TS 0,5 1,5 1,0 0,4 g-HCH < 63 µm µg/kg TS 0,5 1,5 0,4 0,4 p,p'-DDE < 63 µm µg/kg TS 1 3 4,8 1,7 p,p'-DDD < 63 µm µg/kg TS 2 6 14,4 4,3 p,p'-DDT < 63 µm µg/kg TS 1 3 5,2 2,7 PeCB < 63 µm µg/kg TS 1 3 1,7 0,6 HCB < 63 µm µg/kg TS 1,8 5,5 9,3 3,9

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 20 Monitoring E3

• 350 analyses per campaign, most intensive programm in European coastal waters.

• 2x / year - sediments, biotoxicity, fauna, etc.

• various organisms – common whelk, abra alba (shell), dab, since 2017: shrimp, plaice

• Monitoring working group with members from federal states

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE Seite 21 Monitoring

• Das Umweltmonitoring ist mit 350 Analysen pro Kampagne das umfassendste Monitoring dieser Art in europäischen Küstengewässern.

• Das Monitoring umfasst zweimal pro Jahr Untersuchungen der Sedimente, der Bioakkumulation und der Fauna bei „Tonne E3“ und im umgebenden Bereich.

• Arten, die auf Schadstoffanreicherungen im Organismus untersucht werden: Wellhornschnecke, Pfeffermuschel, Kliesche. Neu: Nordseegarnele, Scholle

• Abstimmung in länderübergreifender Monitoring-AG

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE Seite 22 Since 2017: Investigation of Makrophytes (Helgoland)

• Documentation in picture and video

• Additional activity, consistent with ungoing monitoring activities

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 23 05

Outlook

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE 24 Baltic Sea

North Sea ? 

Hamburg, Germany

Berlin, Germany

Schmilka D/CZ Border Giant Mountains, Czech Republic

Prague, Czech Republic

Thank You!

SEDNET – SEDIMENTS ON THE MOVE Source: Google