Paulina Kukla

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Paulina Kukla Paulina Kukla Wpływ wybranych czynników agrotechnicznych na stan fizjologiczny i ukorzenianie sadzonek liściowych oraz plon cebul eukomis czubatej `Sparkling Burgundy` Effects of selected agrotechnical treatments on physiological characteristics and rooting of leaf cuttings and bulblet yield of pineapple lily `Sparkling Burgundy` praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem dr. hab. inż. Piotra Żurawika Katedra Ogrodnictwa Szczecin, 2019 1 Pragnę złożyć serdeczne podziękowania promotorowi mojej pracy, Panu dr hab. inż. Piotrowi Żurawikowi za niezastąpioną pomoc w planowaniu doświadczeń, cierpliwość, wyrozumiałość, motywację oraz inspirację do zgłębiania zagadnień naukowych. 2 „Rodzina, to ludzie, którzy cię kochają. Ludzie, którzy cię wspierają”. Cassandra Clare Mojemu synowi i narzeczonemu, za miłość i niegasnącą wiarę we mnie. Mamie i siostrom, za ciepło, miłość i oparcie. 3 Memini tui, memento mei. Tacie 4 SPIS TREŚCI 1. WSTĘP ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. PRZEGLĄD LITERATURY ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Pochodzenie i opis botaniczny rodzaju Eucomis ............................................................................................... 7 2.2. Rozmnażanie roślin ozdobnych za pomocą sadzonek liściowych................................................................... 10 2.3. Czynniki wpływające na stan fizjologiczny i ukorzenianie sadzonek ............................................................. 12 2.3.1. Selekcja roślin matecznych ................................................................................................................................ 12 2.3.2. Stosunki wodne ................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.3. Temperatura ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.4. Barwa światła ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.5. Rodzaj podłoża .................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.6. Preparaty stymulujące ukorzenianie sadzonek ................................................................................................ 17 2.3.7. Chitozan ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 3. CEL I ZAKRES BADAŃ ..................................................................................................................................... 20 4. MATERIAŁ I METODY .................................................................................................................................... 21 4.1. Materiał roślinny .................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2. Metody badań ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.1. Ogólna charakterystyka prowadzonych badań ............................................................................................... 21 4.2.2. Szczegółowa charakterystyka prowadzonych badań ..................................................................................... 25 4.2.2.1. Wpływ barwy światła, typu sadzonki, ukorzeniacza na stan fizjologiczny sadzonek oraz inicjację korzeni i plon cebul w warunkach kontrolowanych ................................................................................................. 25 4.2.2.2. Wpływ rodzaju podłoża, typu sadzonki na stan fizjologiczny sadzonek oraz inicjację korzeni i plon cebul w warunkach produkcyjnych .................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2.3. Wpływ masy cząsteczkowej i sposobu aplikacji chitozanu na stan fizjologiczny sadzonek oraz inicjację korzeni i plon cebul w warunkach produkcyjnych .................................................................................... 26 4.2.2.4. Wpływ terminu pobrania i typu sadzonki na stan fizjologiczny oraz inicjację korzeni i plon cebul w warunkach produkcyjnych ............................................................................................................... 27 4.2.3. Metody opracowania wyników ........................................................................................................................ 28 5. OMÓWIENIE WYNIKÓW ............................................................................................................................... 29 5.1. Wpływ barwy światła, typu sadzonki, ukorzeniacza na stan fizjologiczny sadzonek oraz inicjację korzeni i plon cebul w warunkach kontrolowanych ................................................................................................. 29 5.1.1. Parametry fluorescencji chlorofilu a ................................................................................................................. 29 5.1.2. Indeks zazielenienia ............................................................................................................................................ 48 5.1.3. Parametry korzeni ............................................................................................................................................... 51 5.1.4. Plon cebul ............................................................................................................................................................ 56 5.1.5. Odsetek zamarłych sadzonek ............................................................................................................................ 61 5.2. Wpływ rodzaju podłoża, typu sadzonki na stan fizjologiczny sadzonek oraz inicjację korzeni i plon cebul w warunkach produkcyjnych ............................................................................................................................ 62 5.2.1. Parametry fluorescencji chlorofilu a ................................................................................................................. 62 5.2.2. Indeks zazielenienia ............................................................................................................................................ 73 5.2.3. Parametry korzeni ............................................................................................................................................... 75 5.2.4. Plon cebul ............................................................................................................................................................ 78 5.2.5. Odsetek zamarłych sadzonek ............................................................................................................................ 82 5.3. Wpływ masy cząsteczkowej i sposobu aplikacji chitozanu na stan fizjologiczny sadzonek oraz inicjację korzeni i plon cebul w warunkach produkcyjnych .................................................................................... 83 5.3.1. Parametry fluorescencji chlorofilu a ................................................................................................................. 83 5.3.2. Indeks zazielenienia ............................................................................................................................................ 93 5.3.3. Parametry korzeni ............................................................................................................................................... 94 5.3.4. Plon cebul ............................................................................................................................................................ 97 5.3.5. Odsetek zamarłych sadzonek ............................................................................................................................ 101 6. DYSKUSJA WYNIKÓW .................................................................................................................................... 102 7. WNIOSKI ................................................................................................................................................................ 118 8. PIŚMIENNICTWO ............................................................................................................................................... 120 STRESZCZENIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 141 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................................. 143 5 1. WSTĘP W produkcji ogrodniczej stale poszukuje się nowych gatunków i odmian ozdobnych roślin cebulowych, nadających się do uprawy zarówno w gruncie odkrytym jak i pod osłonami. Wiele z tych roślin importowanych jest do Polski z odległych rejonów świata, co wiąże się jednak ze znacznym zwiększeniem kosztów produkcji. Do poszukiwanych
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