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A Brief History of the Conflict Between the United States and Spain, 1898

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A Brief History of the Conflict Between the United States and Spain, 1898 2rti» COPT/ E 715 .M83 Copy 1 J\ D"«f Bistorv OF THE $pani$b = Jlmcrican (yar ILLUSTRATED i?-;^ FIFTY CENTS Brief History Of ihc Conflict Bciwccn The United States AND Spain 1898 With a Few Fine Engravings Bv James Stanley Moffatt Arc Twelve Years WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA ^ 1899 Hill Printing Co eustis. fla El 15 26816 Copy rigii ted 1898 '>.v J.AMEs Staa-i.ey Moffatt. 1" I-; ( » I" A J A M }-;S ST AM. V M TT PREFACE. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War I thought of gathering all the facts relative to the conflict. Having recorded each incident as soon as it was confirmed, I am able to present to the public comparativel}- accurate, thov:gh brief, accounts of all the engagements and im- portant movements of the war. As I am only twelve ^-ears of age and this is my first attempt to write a book of any kind, no one need expect lengthy comments or flowery language in this little book. But those who wish a plain, convenient record of all the events of the war will find herein satisfactory work. I trust that my simple efforts will be appre- ciated by all who read these pages. James Stanley Moffatt. West Palm Beach, Fla., Jan. 2, 1899. The Spanish^American War. X lacniTiU'.x iirxDRiii) and xixk- tN-fiVL llic Cubans rebelled against vSpain, their mother country, and formed a Gov- ernment of their own, which they called a RcpubHc, electing Salvador Cisneros President and Hartolome Masso Vice-President. Spain tried to ]Hit down the rel^ellion and sent, in all, bLtwcen Uvd and lliree liundred thousand soldiers to the island, and ever since the Spanish soldiers have been carrying on a mo.st cruel warfare, murdering men, women and chil- dren, which was contrary to the modern rules of warfare between civilized nations and a violation of international law. This caused all civili/ed nations to sympathize with Cuba's oppressed peo- ple, though none of them recognized her Govern- niL-nt. The Spani.sh Goxernnieul in Spain became careless and let her officials in Cnl)a do as they pleased. They killed and imprisoned a innnber, of American citizens. This made the peo])le of the United vStates ver\- angr>- with Si)ain, and the GovernmL-nl sunt tlic- ballk-sliip Maine to Ha- •/ HiKliirii (if till vana, the capital of Cuba, to protect her citizens and '^General I^ee, who was Consul-General there. As was customary, (Mie of the harbor pilot boats piloted the Maine into the harbor and left MARIA CHRISTINA. her at a Government buoy. A. few days later .she was moved from her safe anchorage to another -General Lee, who was a ( 'unl'cilrrate soldier in tlie Civil War, wa.s at this time I'niled statrs ( 'onsul-< iiMirral at Havana. He showed ureal bravery wliik- anions the riuci Sjianiards, for which the <iovernnirnt sjave him the rank ol' .M;i,ior-(4(_"nrral in the army and put him in command of the Heventh Army Corps, where he showed great ability in keeping his men and camps in order. Recently he was appointed Governor of Havana Pro- vince, Cuba. MAJOR (•,i-:m:k.\i. i-nv.ini.ii i.ick. 8 Brief Hislnrii of the buoy. At 9:30 o'clock p. m. every one was startled by hearing a terrific explosion, which al- most lifted the ship out of the water and tearing it to pieces, with the loss of 266 of our sailors, be- sides the loss of the ship, which is over $3,000,000. It was afterwards found to have been the explo- sion of a Government submarine mine, which was there to protect the harbor against a hostile ship in caseof war, which was touched off by some Spaniard. The Spanish Government was respon- sible for the Maine disaster, and the United States Government demanded an indemnity, but Spain refused to gr.mt it. This, ot course, brought on a war between the two nations. Hostilities were begun on the 21st of April b}' the United States gunboat Nashville captur- ing a Spanish merchantman off Key West, Fla. The prize was worth 510,000, but had to be re- turned to her owners, as a Declaration of War had not been made then. War was formally declared on the 25th be- tween the United States and Spain. The first movement of the war was the block- ade of Havana, Matanzas, Cardenas and several other Cuban seaports by the United States' North Atlantic Squadron. Havana had .some formidable defenses, .such as the big forts of Morro Castle and Cabanas. In addition it was well protected by submarine mines. .SV'"///a7(-.I(/(«/('v/,i M'o;- BOMBARDMENT OF MATANZAS. (>n iIk' jytli of A])!"!! the t'orls at Malauzas fired (111 iIk- l)li)i-ka<liii.>; xiuadrou, and lliix-e of llic \varslii])s, the inonilor rurilaii, tlu- cruiser New York and the i;unl)(iat Cineinnali, returned the fire. A lialf-hour battle ensued. The Amer- ican gunner.s made good shots and the forts were soon demoHshed and .some of the guns dis mounted. The Spanish guiniers were poor shots and none of the American ships were hit. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY. The first great na\-al battle of the war was fought in Manila Baw Luzon, one of the I'hilip- ])ine I>lands. The American fleet of three cruisers, the Olympia, the ffag.ship, Baltimore and the Raleigh, two gunboats, the P)Osl()n and the I'etrel, and one dispatch boat, the McCullough, under the com- mand of Connnodore ( now Rear-Admiral) George Dewey of \'ermont, left Hong Kong, China, the Asiatic vStation, to capture or destroy the .Sj^anish fleet spujiosed to be at Manila. It arri\ed at Ma- nila Bay on the night of \\)v\] ;v )th. The tleet en- tered the harbor that night. The garrison at Cor- rigador Island, inside the harbor, saw some sparks from the McCullough's funnel and fired a few- shots at the fleet, but not hitting them. Our shi])s kei)t on until opposite Cavite and waited until daN'break, when the Sjianish fleet, consist- pq < < V W o pq w Si„inixh-.liin riraii Wtir 11 ing of ele\XMi war x'lsscIs, coinniandcd 1)\' Admiral Montejo, and all the forts, opened fire ni)on America's ll\e warships. Dewey ordered tnl! steam ahead and ])assed between the vSjjanish lleet and forts, delivering" terrific broadsides as they circled around. One of the Olymjiia's eight-inch shells en- tered the stern of Maria Christina, llagshi]!, and Went hall wa\- tliroui;!] and (.xjilodi.-il in the cen- ter, blowing up the ship. All the rest of the fieet were either sunk, burned or captured. The forts and arsenal at Ca\ite were also captured, and a great many stores with them. The Spanish lo.ss was three hundred killed and four hundred wounded. The cruiser Baltimore was the only Ameri- can ship damaged at all, and that not enough to speak of. A few men were wounded on her. The total American loss was six men sliuhtl\ wounded. Dewey could not capture the city ot Manila for want of land troops to occupy it. Afterwards it was captured by troops under General Merritt. (See page 40). BATTLE OF CARDENAS. On the 1 2th of May three I'nited States war vessels, the torpedo boat Win.slow and the gun- boats Wilmington and Hudson, .steamed into Cardenas Ray, Cuba, in search of Spanish war- 13 Jlrirf Histiirii of /he ships, which were hidden in the harbor. They did not see them until suddenly the Spanish vessels darted out and opened fire with the forts upon the American fleet. At first the Spanish firing was wild, but it soon became accurate and our ve.s.sels ENSIGN WORTH BAGLEV- were sul)jected to a severe fire, but answered briskly with a hail of shells upon the ships and forts. One of the Spanish ships was burned and a warehouse on shore was burned by the fire from the American fleet. SiKiiii.ih-.liiirririiii War 1.1 TliL- AiiRfican slii])s exposed tlieinsehes lo lliu vSj)anisli Ine, and a shell from llie forts eii- teretl the lidiler-rooiii of the Winslow, wliieh was in couiniand ot" ICnsi^n Worth I'a,L;le\', and l)le\v out Ikt boiler. This rendered her helpless and she rolled art)und in the sea, hut all that did not stop her firiuij;. The Spaniards, seeing that she was hel])less, concentrated their fire upon her. The gunboat Htidson, lying near by, ran along side and tried to throw a line to the Winslow, but failed the first time. Just then a shell burst among ICnsign Bagley and six of his men, who were standing on the Winslow's deek, killing the Ensign and four of his men. After rejK-ated trials the Hudson got a line to her and .-tarted off with her, when suddeid>- the line broke, leaving both vessels under the terrific fire of the Spaniards. There were oidy three men left to make the line fast this time, but it was finall_\- done and the Winslow was towed to Ke}- West, Florida. Ivnsign \\\)rth Bagley of North Carolina was the first American ofiicer killed in the war. Had he lived he woidd likely have been promoted tor his braver\- in directing his vessel against the Spaniards. BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. PORTO RICO.
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