Speed Cameras
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IT-TNAX-IL LEĠIŻLATURA P.L. 3345 Dokument imqiegħed fuq il-Mejda tal-Kamra tad-Deputati fis-Seduta Numru 186 tal-14 ta’ Ottubru 2014 mill-Ministru għat-Trasport u l-Infrastruttura. _______________________________ Raymond Scicluna Skrivan tal-Kamra Informazzjoni Addizzjonali għall Mistoqsija Parlamentari numru 339W tat-Tnejn 13 ta’ Ottubru 2014. PQ339W MILL-ONOR. ĊENSU GALEA Billi diversi drabi ntqal li Transport Malta qed tfassal policy dwar speed cameras madwar Malta, jista’ l-Ministru jagħti tagħrif dwar jekk din il-policy tfasslitx? Jekk iva, jista’ l-Ministru jippubblika din l-istess policy? Jekk mhux lesta, jista’ jagħti tagħrif fuq liema bażi ġew installati l-cameras fil-bypass ta’ San Pawl il-Baħar? TWEĠIBA Jien infurmat li l-Awtorita’ tat-Trasport ħejjiet Speed Management Policy li tinkludi l-metodoloġija ta' kif jiġu eżaminati talbiet għall- istallazzjoni ta' speed cameras kif ukoll il-Posted Speed Limit tat- toroq arterjali u dawk distributorji. Il-polza tinsab fuq il-website uffiċċjali tal-Awtorita’ tat-Trasport. Qed inpoġġi fuq il-Mejda tal-Kamra kopja tal-polza. Speed Management on Maltese Roads Policy and Technical Guidance Manual Consultation Document 2 Speed Management on Maltese Roads Policy and Technical Guidance Manual Consultation Document Version 1.06c 05/04/2012 Front cover photograph courtesy of P.P. Barbara ii Executive Summary The “need for speed” The current road network links all the towns and villages and covers more than 2,300km (with nearly 800km of major roads) and our desire for increase mobility has changed both lifestyle and travel behaviour in Malta. As a nation, Malta has radically transformed from having one of the lowest per capita car ownership level in Europe in the 1970s to having one of the highest levels by 2008. Malta also has one of the highest car dependency rates in Europe. There are many factors which contribute to excessive or inappropriate use of speed, ranging from pressure on commercial drivers by fleet managers and employers to be more productive, lack of awareness of speed limits and in some cases since speed is a source of adrenalin rush for some drivers. Many drivers overestimate their driving skills and believe that it is possible to travel above the speed limit without placing themselves or others at risk. With an average of one road traffic accident every 30 minutes, albeit with minor damage to vehicle or roadside infrastructure, an average of three people are hospitalised every day. Excessive or inappropriate use of speed is identified as a key risk factor in road traffic injuries and this policy attempts to scientifically analyse and explain possible measures to improve road safety though better speed management. Road functions The functions of roads and their structures differ considerably in built-up and rural areas. The classification of each road by its particular function reflects use in most cases and provides a basis for the consistent application of a speed management policy. Classification of roads for flow, distributory and access functions will dictate their design construction and use and therefore impact the ultimate intended user speed. While national speed limits can be indicated as a factor that influences road design and their ultimate marked speed limits, local scale issues dictate the need for localised speed limits to be used in certain cases. As a start however, this policy seeks to clearly define the different road functions including new road functions of “linking” and “TEN-T” roads while reclassifying roads where their function has clearly changed over time. National Speed Limit regimes National speed limits are widely used to define acceptable speeds and to indicate the maximum speed for vehicles to travel so as to be compliant with the law. Set correctly, speed limits can help reinforce road users’ assessments of a safe speed and can act as an indicator for drivers as to the nature and risk level associated with the road. Across Europe, national speed limits are set for roads with particular functions and environments, but also for particular vehicle types. Introduced 16 years ago, the national speed limit regime in Malta contains many of the essential elements which are considered to be European best practice. Most major roads in Malta were built at a time where the national speed limit, and hence their design speed was lower than the current national speed limit of 80km/h. Spatial competition between road network and building construction often limits the ability of roads to be designed to provide optimum conditions. The policy seeks to determine the need to update these limits to take changes in traffic mix, road construction and vehicle technology into consideration. In this respect, the policy seeks to recommend a rationalisation of the speed limits applicable to vehicle types as well as to redefine some grey areas in function and environment factors to be taken into consideration when defining iii national limits. Further rationalisation of road use such as the prohibition of certain slow moving vehicles on certain roads and lane discipline are also contemplated by the policy. Local Speed Limit regimes No two roads are alike and there will always be situations where discrepancies between national speed limits for the road type, drivers’ perceptions of the safe travelling speed and the appropriate speed for that road, as established by theoretical analysis occur. At minimum, speed limits should reflect an appropriate balance between safety and mobility. On a road without marked speed limits, a driver will rely on his judgement of risk and perception of hazard in order to determine his safe operating speed. Some hazards may be obvious while others less obvious. Changes to the road environment will inevitably occur after the construction of the road often resulting in a wide discrepancy between the speed at which a road was originally designed and the speed at which vehicles on the road are observed to operate. Operating speed of vehicles on a section of road is an important factor in establishing safe speed limits for that road and a variety of theoretical best-of-breed measures are used to determine local speed limits that are then indicated by signs. Transition zones between different speed limit zones encourage gradual adjustment of speed in a safe manner. The policy proposes that a rationalisation process of speed limits be implemented to streamline local speed limits, including setting up of a structured methodology to determine local speed limits. Also ongoing monitoring of the road network is proposed, to ensure that the local speed limits are appropriate for the conditions of the respective road. Proposed speed limits for the arterial and distributory road network are annexed to the policy. Communicating these limits to the road user Generally speaking, drivers are well educated about their the national speed limits during the training and testing associated with obtaining the driving licence, and this is reinforced by information concerning national speed limits at ports and airports as well as by the of Posted Speed Limit signs on the road network. Road sign construction, location and clarity are all important factors if the road user is to heed the limits that they seek to convey. Furthermore road markings, illuminated or variable signage and other physical measures contribute to the understanding of the speed that a road user will apply. The policy recommends the replacement of all “national speed limit” signs to actual speed signs since they appear to be least understood by road users. It also recommends the introduction of new vehicle activated signs that indicate vehicle speed so as to increase awareness of actual speed that vehicles travel at. Further improvements to the quality of road markings and traffic management by introducing better accountability by entities supplying these measures will be complimented by road infrastructure safety audits. Educating the wider public The success of the speed management policy depends overwhelmingly on the acceptability of the community and community decision makers. Although there is clear evidence that speed and speeding are problematic, it is vital that speed management policies, which by their nature necessarily restrict driving behaviour and driving choices, are well managed and so as not to be ignored. Education, training and information are key to the success of a comprehensive speed management policy as well as being a pre-requisite for effective implementation of other measures such as infrastructure, signage, road makings, enforcement and vehicle technology. Starting at school with iv road safety awareness for children, effective use of the road network by various users is reinforced by driver training, testing and follow-up enforcement. The policy proposes that Road Safety could be established as part of the national learning curriculum. Further education on road safety and the driving test could be developed for pre-driver licence post- secondary level students as well as further investment in road safety educational materials and tools. The introduction of continued ability test for existing Driving instructors would ensure that driver training remains at its peak. Introducing a safe driving course model for Government employees would serve as a pilot with potential to be transferred to the private sector. The policy also indicates that continued media attention to speed policies by introducing a long-term media programme relating to speed management and other road safety issues would reinforce lifelong training and education to all road users. Enforcement for better road safety In a perfect world, speed limits on roads would be credible, self explanatory and motorists would adhere to safe driving speeds at all times and in all conditions. However, in the real world motorists regularly exceed the posted speed limits either inadvertently or deliberately. Enforcement can be both an effective educational tool and also be a powerful measure contributing directly to the reduction of speeding and associated traffic accidents, injuries and fatalities.