Biosecurity and Your Pig Project

A Champion’s Guide to Youth Swine Exhibition:

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pork.org | 800-456-PORK Swine Health 2 Bi - o - se – cu- ri- ty (bahy-oh-si-kyoor-i-tee) ty ri- Bi –cu- -ose a raising healthy biosecurity. pigwith starts A healthy healthy herdraising with swine pigs starts at home. And United States healthy as well. pigs healthy, you share theof responsibility keeping of all the pigs thein justAnd, as youindustry? responsibleare for keeping your show pig or a single show pig or thousands of market hogs, you of are part the pork for, it’s whether you care pigs of how many regardless that you know Did the best way to control the spread of disease. and diagnose treat the disease. Following is program a good biosecurity yourin pigs. yourIf pigs do accuratelycan get sick, your veterinarian as signs, well as someand clinical ways you preventcan these diseases routes of transmission the you understand sure make and veterinarian your with information that this you Discuss with. should be familiar find bookleta briefyoudiseases this In will description also ofswine area. your in diseases to the and at you have home system of production type to the guidelines biosecurity help you adapt the can Aveterinarian aveterinarian. with work closely you if healthy of remaining chance abetter have pigs your that Remember follow at your farm and when taking pigs to exhibitions. experience. In it, you will find recommended biosecurityguidelines This to booklet is intended for youth exhibitors of all ages and levels of ashow. from back coming are or that purchased been just have that animals isolating by be prevented can disease finally, show; and vehicles and allowing and showdisinfecting equipment a after to dry cleaning, prevented by be also can Disease animals. your with working from spreading by using clothesclean, farm-specific and boots when prevent disease For you can example, pigs. to your disease spreading from people, animals or other equipment preventing It involves process. when begins you Biosecurity yourpurchase pigs and is a continuous • • • Precautions taken to minimize the of Precautionsrisk introducing infectious an taken to minimize introduction or transmission. of disease torisk reduce the taken measures of preventative set The (v Edition 0.9.7) of English,Millennium™ Preview Dictionary foodresources. supply and agricultural ofAny the policies and measures taken for protecting a nation’s Agriculture of United Source: StatesDepartment population. animal an into disease Source: YouthSource: PQA Plus manual. Source: Webster’s New Webster’s Source: New 3 Swine Health It isIt importantremember to vaccination protocol and biosecurity and protocol vaccination Continue pigs. your to specific plan discussproblems disease any to withyour losses production or veterinarian as forward move you with a biosecurity plan. Isolation of incoming pigs or pigs returning from a fair or provides protectionshow against swine your to additions new any herd. between direct contact that is uninfected pigs and infected the easiest spread disease. way to Disinfectant products are chemical agents that that agents chemical are products Disinfectant This process involves removing all dirtfrom removing manure and involves Thisprocess

with your veterinarian your with Drying: Drying is crucial the to process equipment of cleaning because drying kills many infectious organisms. Without including a drying step in your cleaning process, the risk allowing of infection to survive and multiply may increase. inactivate or kill pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, and should be be should and viruses, and bacteria as such pathogens, kill or inactivate Proper removed. been have dirt and manure visible all when only used to helps turn, in which, pathogens of number the reduces disinfection used Commonly transmission. disease infectious of risk the decrease disinfectant products can be purchased a farm at and Always store. supply dilution proper regarding claims label disinfectant the consult a make to veterinarian your with work to sure be and times contact situation. your for best work will product which on decision Disinfection: Disinfection: Cleaning: process, sanitation overall the in step important an is It equipment. by inactivated or up used be can disinfectant products some because for used similar those to detergents, and water Hot dirtmanure. and dish washing, may make cleaning easier. much Consult Swine Health Biosecurity Points: Control Health Swine to control diseases your on farm and the at swine exhibition. An ongoing relationship with your veterinarian an is swine herd important part a good of swine exhibition project. Developing and maintaining biosecurity a herd to work crucial is you program as farm and your on diseases control transmissiondisease prevent to as pigs are commingled during with Consult swineexhibitions. your veterinarian before enter you a develop to order in exhibition, an The Sanitation Process The Sanitation Swine Health 4 process found on 3. page found process include the cleaning and disinfection should process sanitation The indirect transmission of a pathogen. to herd, avoid home the swine from an area that is completely separate This procedure should take place in process. cleaning more thorough all equipment needs to undergo a but washed, be simply can Clothing contact with pigs at the home farm. should shower before coming into and arms in warm, soapy water and to thoroughly wash his/her hands The exhibitor should also be sure show be cleaned and disinfected. the with associated equipment it is important that all clothing and diseases. Following the exhibition, of infectious types to many pigs equipment can expose project herd”. “home same clothing and equipment to a swine exhibit before exposing the a with equipmentand associated Clean and disinfect all clothing pigs. for your strategy isolation appropriate an determine to veterinarian your with Consult aherd. in already diseases thatagainst are animals disease-free and to vaccinate those test pigs to make sure that they are to opportunity the producers gives herd. Isolation swine your into enter animals those before disease of for signs pigs new or returning to watch for producers time allows of disease. In addition, isolation spread against protection provides from aor fair returning show or pigs pigs of incoming Isolation Contact with livestock through the air. the through of infection risk the minimize can swine other from 2 miles least at facility your possible, locating When farm. infected an around 2miles approximately to occur reported been has pathogens operations. swine unrelated from distance at a facility swine your Locate dead pigs. of removal and farm, on your accumulated have may that debris any of rid getting spills, feed up any cleaning unit, the surrounding and within vegetation the controlling include pests help such control that Actions pests. these by transmitted be can infection because plan biosecurity of your part important an is rodents and wildlife, of birds, Control swine. exhibit and herd swine your to have may exposure that rodents and wildlife, birds, Control present. when you are farm your visit only they that and pigs your and clothing when they are around sure that visitors wear clean boots reason to be there. Always make visitors to only those who have a and/or clothing, to your pigs, limit body their from infection transfer or show Since pigs. people can herd swine your and visitors Minimize the contact between Aerosol spreadof Aerosol 5 Swine Health the process of of process the a process that gives a producer thea producer chance create to a recyclable feed product by submitting the carcasses a to rendering company. Composting: placing carcasses in layers with a carbon source allow to the natural decomposition process to break down the carcass. Rendering: ∙ ∙ ∙ Ensure that any purchased or delivered semen breeding or animals of any sort are the product of “minimal disease” animals. infectious Some diseases can be by spread the process of breeding. When making decisions involving breeding, pig remember taketo into account the health status the of semen-donating or natural servicing boar and the sow. Decrease the amount of on-farm trafficcontrollingby of flow the and product deliveries. supply have the potentialVehicles carry to infection your farm. onto Because on-farm traffic product and deliveries are a reality most for producers, is it important control to the areas which to such vehicles have access. This can be done by designating a specific areafor off-farm traffic attempting and to make such an area that one is not closely associated with your swine projects. or herd ∙ use a heat- of In spite of your very best best very your of spite In d to herd by people. Farm by people. herd d to generating incinerator break to down swine carcasses. Incineration: ∙ Dispose of swine carcasses in in carcasses swine of Dispose to according manner, timely a biosecurity and regulations state protocols. ∙ Minimize employee contact with with contact employee Minimize unrelated swine operations. from transferred be can Diseases her carrybacteria can employees and/or body their on viruses or discuss to important is It clothing. people or employees any with project swine your with working animals other what about herd or last the in to exposure had have they the about them to talk to and week transmission. disease for potential concerned be would you as Just contact in being pigs your about be should also you pigs, other with exposure pigs’ your about concerned humansto that may have had contact with other swine. as die times, at will, swine efforts, other or disease injury, of result a pigs dead of Management factors. of aspect important extremely an is many are There production. swine disposal the for options different include They carcasses. these of and incineration burial, rendering, local your with Check composting. determine to officials health animal approved is/are method(s) which of Regardless state. your in use for in keep be, may choice that what carcasses of disposing that mind to important is manner timely a in associated problems pest decrease with the carcass. Purchasing Your Swine Project Every exhibitor is looking for the next champion pig. It is important to begin that search by not only evaluating your potential show pigs, but also the person who is providing the pigs. The performance and health history of the source herd, the facilities in which the pigs are housed, and the involvement of a veterinarian with 6 the herd are good places to start that evaluation.

You and Your Veterinarian this isolation area before entering or As you complete the process of re-entering your herd. selecting and acquiring your show Purchase Important Questions to Ask pig, it is important to keep in mind Information about the performance that you also should be working of the source herd is helpful as you on developing a relationship with determine the potential show-ring a veterinarian. Before you bring success of an animal, in addition to a newly purchased pig to your providing insight into the overall farm, you and your veterinarian health status of the swine herd. A should have a biosecurity plan in history of high-performing animals place. A veterinarian is a valuable indicates that disease has not been a and important resource for the major problem for the swine herd. development of this plan that he/ she will develop specifically for your The history of a source herd has operation. serious implications on the future of both your project and your If this is not the only pig arriving home swine herd. at your farm or if you plan to ship pigs on and off of your farm in the Biosecurity for your Project future, plan ahead for your purchase by creating an isolation area for The facilities in which your new additions and pigs returning potential show pigs are currently to your swine herd. The location housed will give you a good of this site will vary from farm to indication of what diseases they farm, but should be remote from may have been exposed to. When the rest of your herd. Your new pigs you visit the source farm, look should spend a period of time in around and ask questions such as the following: 1. Do you have a biosecurity plan currently in place? 2. Do you have a herd veterinarian? 3. Have your pigs experienced any disease problems or production losses in the past six months? 4. Have you had to call a veterinarian to your farm for any reason, other than for a routine visit, over the course of the last six months? 5. How many pigs have you sold for exhibition purposes? 6. How well have the pigs you have previously sold performed? 7 7. Do you require that pigs entering your herd go through a period of isolation? Purchase 8. What is the vaccination history of this herd? 9. Has this animal left this farm for any reason? 10. Where are pigs entering your herd held for a period of isolation? 11. Do pigs spend their entire lives in this one site or are they moved to different sites? 12. What is your pest control program like?

While you are looking at the swine facilities, be sure to notice such things as the maintenance and upkeep of the farm. Are the equipment and facilities in good working order? Is the grass cut and are the weeds properly managed? Is there evidence of rodent infestation? Are rodent traps present and maintained? Prepare 8 from other pigs. to and disease to transmit ability the Remember that these items have show-relatedand equipment. transportation all disinfect and clean swine project for a show, be sure to Before you leave your farm with your paperwork in a timely manner. complete and submit any required or state. Make sure to properly tests required by that show, county attend a show, be sure to complete all exhibitors and their pigs. Before you different requirements for swine Every show, county, and state has Swine Health. Swine section, the in found be protocol can biosecurity your in included to of items be more complete description A show for competition. pigs your you prepare as veterinarian your help the of you with developed program herdto biosecurity the follow important It is attending. be showyou will of the that requirements any and recommendations veterinarian’s to the according vaccinated been have animals fair all that event, for an leaving before Ensure, disease. spreadof infectious the herd from swine home your and animal that to protect actions you take that important is it ashow apig or fair, in entering Before well. herdprotocol as for your abiosecurity establish veterinarian your you and sure Make received. already have pigs those vaccinations the and area your in diseases the considers that program vaccination appropriate an establish to show pig your aveterinarian home, work with bringing After Preparing for aSwine Exhibition animals at the show. at the animals the of all health the of protecting considerate show. be the Always attend should pigs your you and if decide together and veterinarian your with concern your Discuss contagious. be still could they sick, not may appear pigs your though Even animals. other to infect pigs for your possible it be may outbreak, adisease experiencing herd is your that it appears If concerns. health any and contact your veterinarian with Leave any unhealthy pigs behind daily basis, before leaving for a show. thoroughly evaluate your pigs on a to care not healthy. Take special a show, fair, or exhibition that is to animal an bring never Finally, At the Show While you are at a swine show, fair, or exhibition, it is very important to continue to act in a way that will decrease the spread of infectious disease. Because the best way to spread disease is by direct contact with other hogs, the best way to prevent this spread is to decrease any unnecessary contact with unrelated swine during the exhibition. In addition, decrease unnecessary contact with manure from other animals that are at the event and with the general public present at the show. 9 At The Show

Remember to follow the same overall biosecurity program. Be strict biosecurity protocol while sure to contact show officials to ask you are at the exhibition as you about any existing show protocols would at home. Refrain from and work with your veterinarian sharing equipment with other to develop a plan specific to your exhibitors or using equipment that operation. has come in contact with other swine. Thoroughly wash your hand, arms and any part of your body that came in contact with pigs with warm, soapy water. Ultimately, it is important to recognize the vital roles that swine exhibitors play in stopping disease transmission among all pigs. Work to protect your show pigs and any other pigs from infection by incorporating exhibit biosecurity safeguards into your Returning Home 10 show-related equipment. and transportation all disinfect and to clean sure be herd, swine home your to work with returning Before important. extremely is show aswine from when you return protocol to abiosecurity Adhering Returning Home of isolation. length site and the addresses that program to develop abiosecurity herd veterinarian your Work with home to your farm. upon return herd of the rest the from isolated be exhibition to an taken swine all that important very also It is of our industry. of our member of each duty the is disease swine Controlling industry. swine of the apart as you have that responsibility the appreciate fully to important it is show swine, to competitively you begin As herd. swine to ahome transmission disease of risk the reduce significantly and terminal shows are swine of deal shows. Agreat terminal to participation your to limit is show pig of areturning way by disease infectious an transmitting of to way avoid risk best the The 11 Swine Diseases g object object e capable of carryin of capable e any inanimat substanc or continue be to fed until they are beready to taken harvest. to Fomite: infection.ability Hasthe to transfer infection from pig one anotherto In pig. the case a of swine operation, fomites may be clothing, boots, vehicles, etc. Glossary Breeding stock: boars, gilts sowsand/or that are involved in swine reproduction and provide the foundation a swine of herd. Pre-weaned pigs: pigsthat yethave been not taken from the sow. Finishing pigs: pigs that are in the last stage the of swine production cycle and will If you notice any health problems in your problems in your health any notice you If as contact veterinarian your to pigs, be sure work will veterinarian Your soon as possible. schedule. a treatment develop to you with The following swine diseases are commonly associated with the comminglingpigs of swineat exhibition events. Disease descriptions have been includedin provide to order a framework disease for identification and associated clinical signs.It is important you that remember that the health status your of may change herd any at time. If notice you any health in problems your pigs, be sure contact your to veterinarian as soon as possible. Swine Diseases to Note: to Diseases Swine Swine Diseases 12 and a variety of other diseases. of other avariety and reproductive enteric, respiratory, Symptoms of PCVAD include Clinical Signs herd. swine global the affecting diseases viral significant most becomePCVAD some have of the Disease Details finishingpigs. problems in respiratory and stock, breeding rates in abortion high cause may herd. PRRS swine the of problems in avariety causes that disease aviral is PRRS Clinical Signs year. per million $560 nearly industry the to cost estimated was 2005, in and, industry, swine amajor problem is for the PRRS Disease Details Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Syndrome Respiratory and Reproductive Porcine pre-weaned pigs, pre-weaned in death Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD) Diseases Associated Circovirus Porcine veterinarian. be acquired through your prevention andpurpose can A vaccine is also available for prevent and control PCVAD. nutrition are the best ways to good and hygiene, good pigs, your in levels stress decreased Limited pig-to-pig contact, Prevention of PCVAD.) transmission of of means extent the determine to difficult extremely It is (Note: transmission borne vector- and indirect, Direct, Transmission veterinarian. local your from acquired be can and available is also vaccination PRRS A herd. your through traffic human and vehicle, equipment, controlling and stock returning new and quarantining by biosecurity good to practice is to way prevent PRRS best The Prevention vector-borne transmission. ( transmission venereal), indirect and fecal-oral, aerosol, contact, (pig-to-pig transmission Direct Transmission fomite contamination), and and contamination), Swine Diseases 13

Transmission Direct transmission (pig-to-pig contact, contact, human-to-pig andaerosol) indirect transmission (fomites) Prevention biosecurity strict a to Adhere exposure the reduce and protocol, buy Don’t SIV. to pigs your of is SIV where sources from pigs is vaccination Preventative active. available from your veterinarian. Transmission Direct transmission (fecal-oral), transmissionvector-borne Prevention The most important preventative measures involved in managing TGE are biosecurity measures such as traffic pestand control. A vaccine is available TGE for prevention. Swine Influenza Virus (SIV) Transmissible Gastro-enteritis (TGE) Disease Details SIV is common in swine herds. It rarely causes disease in humans, can it but create strains new and infections. Clinical Signs When this virus it enters a herd is common observe to a rapid, explosive outbreak respiratory of disease. may see coughing, You pneumonia, fever and animals that are unwilling eat. to Clinical Signs Affected animals generally display signs vomiting, of diarrhea, and a lack desire of to eat. Disease Details Disease disease infectious highly a is TGE forms, many in appear may that and can rapidly throughout spread a herd. exhibition also may reduce the potential for human illness. Note: Vaccinating your show pigs for influenza prior to prior influenza for pigs show your Vaccinating Note: contact your veterinarian as soon as possible. Your veterinarian veterinarian Your possible. as soon as veterinarian your contact will work with you develop to a treatment schedule. If you notice any health problems in your pigs, be sure to Swine Diseases 14 will work with you to develop a treatment schedule. atreatment to develop you with work will contact your veterinarian as soon as possible. Your veterinarian to sure be pigs, your in problems health any notice you If infected pig. infected on the effects more serious in problems result respiratory the occur, parasuis also Haemophilus PCVAD, SIV, PRRS, APP,as or such co-infections When on pigs. effect amild only it has itself, by infection an as it occurs When Clinical Signs disease. respiratory of degrees varied causing world’sthe pig population, throughout occurs that infection abacterial is hyopneumoniae M. Disease Details occurs in non-pregnant pigs. non-pregnant in occurs no noticeableGenerally, disease piglets. weak and deaths neonatal stillbirths, litters, small abortion, problems including reproductive with Associated Clinical Signs sows. in found herd, swine a when presentin typically, is that of pigs disease aviral is PPV Disease Details Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Mycoplasma Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) Parvovirus Porcine infection. to control used regularly are and hyopneumoniae M. pigs. your in levels stress hyopneumoniae M. is purchasing you are which make sure that the herd from or returning pigs and check to incoming protocol. Quarantine Adhere to a strict biosecurity Prevention aerosol) contact, (pig-to-pig transmission Direct Transmission biosecurity measures. biosecurity good Use become immune. she will vaccination, through to PPV, exposed is agilt Once to breeding. prior Vaccinate gilts Prevention venereal) (fecal-oral, transmission Direct Transmission -free. Decrease vaccinations exist

Swine Diseases 15 infection as a result of exposure to airborne droplets droplets airborne exposureto Transmission Direct transmission (pig-to- indirect contact, aerosol), pig transmission (fomites) Prevention Use a good biosecurity protocol. Quarantine animals new Decreasebefore they enter. the stress level in your herd. An APP vaccine exists and can be obtained through your veterinarian. ingestion pathogens of that transmission as a result breeding of Actinobacillus pleuro-pneumoniae (APP) Contact Transmission (pig-to-pig): direct contact with an infected individual Aerosol/Droplet Transmission: from mouth contaminated or and/or the nose, eye, dust Fecal-Oral Transmission: originated in the digestive system Transmission: Venereal activity ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ Routes of Transmission: of Routes Direct Transmission: the disease spread of from host to one another host. This type disease of transmission requires direct contact with an infected individual. There are several specific types direct of transmission: Indirect Transmission: The disease spread of from host host to by means a contaminated of surface, such as a fomite. Transmission:Vector-borne The disease spread of by means anof intermediate host animal spreading of is who capable the disease. A vector is typically an invertebrate animal, such as a mosquito a tick. or Disease Details Disease There are multiple strains the of strainsbacterium Some APP. do disease; produce not others can cause severe respiratory distress. Clinical Signs The signs infection of with a disease-causing strain APP of can range from severe respiratory difficultydeath to sudden with a bloody nose. ©2007 National Pork Board, Des Moines, IA This message funded by America’s Pork Checkoff program. #04827 National Pork Board, PO Box 9114, Des Moines, IA 50306 pork.org | 800-456-PORK

American Association of Swine Veterinarians 902 1st Avenue, Perry, IA 50220-1703 | aasv.org | 515-465-5255

References: Frobose, D. 2001. Swine Resource Handbook for Market and Breeding Projects. The Ohio State University Extension. 4-H Circular 134R

Indiana State Board of Animal Health. Biosecurity in Swine. Online. http://www.in.gov/boah/biosecurity/swine.html. Accessed July 2007.

National Pork Board. Biosecurity Guide for Pork Producers. Online. http://www.pork.org/PorkScience/Documents/final%20biosecurity%20book.pdf. Accessed July 2007

Purdue Homeland Security Institute. National Biosecurity Resource Center for Animal Health Emergencies. Online. http://www.biosecuritycenter.org/. Accessed July 2007.

Shulaw, W. and Bowman, G. Biosecurity for Youth Livestock Exhibitors. The Ohio State University Extension. Online. http://ohioline.osu.edu/vme-fact/pdf/0007.pdf. Accessed July 2007.