DOCSLIB.ORG

Finding Sanjō Genshi: Women's Visibility in Late Medieval Japanese

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Finding Sanjō Genshi: Women's Visibility in Late Medieval Japanese Finding Sanjō Genshi: Women’s Visibility in Late Medieval Japanese Aristocratic Journals by Sherry J. Funches A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Professor Hitomi Tonomura, Chair Associate Professor Christian de Pee Associate Professor Leslie Pincus Emeritus Professor Esperanza Ramirez-Christensen Sherru J. Funches [email protected] ORCID iD 0000-0003-4858-3981 © Sherry J. Funches All rights reserved 2017 Acknowledgements I am indebted to a number of people and institutions for their assistance in helping me complete this project. I am grateful for having the opportunity to perform the majority of my research at the University of Tokyo’s Historiographical Institute. I would like to thank Professor Kurushima Noriko, who served as my sponsor, for taking the time out of her busy schedule to introduce me to the institution’s resources, see how I was acclimating to life in Japan, and providing me valuable advice about my research. She also arranged for me to attend seminars and work with a tutor on a document reading. This dissertation would not have been possible without the generous assistance of Assistant Professor Endō Tamaki. She offered her time every week to tutor me in reading very difficult documents. Her extensive knowledge and patience has been invaluable. I would also like to thank Professors Hongō Keiko (University of Tokyo) and Yasuda Tsuguo (Ochanomizu University), for allowing me to attend their seminars on medieval sources. I cannot express enough thanks to the members of my committee and other faculty at the University of Michigan. My advisor Hitomi Tonomura has been there for me throughout every step of this process. She has fostered my interest in pre-modern Japanese women’s history, showed me the ropes in researching medieval Japan, and encouraged me to think more broadly about my research. I could not have done this without her support and I am very thankful for the thoughtful advice, humor, and encouragement she has offered me at every turn. Christian de Pee’s guidance was instrumental; his concrete feedback and challenging questions helped me ii refine my arguments and conceptualize the dissertation’s framework. Leslie Pincus was an enormous help in guiding me through the writing process. I would like to thank Esperanza Ramirez-Christensen for her wonderful feedback and for remaining on my committee after she retired. Associate Professor Micah Auerback graciously shared his time and knowledge about researching medieval Japanese religious practices. Classmates and friends, especially Nevila Pahumi and You-sun Crystal Chung, provided incredible support. I received generous financial support from the Institute of International Education Fulbright Program, The University of Michigan’s Center of Japanese Studies, Rackham Graduate School, and The University of Michigan’s Department of History. I am grateful for the assistance from the Japan-United States Educational Commission (Fulbright Japan) office, especially Executive Director David Satterwhite and Jinko Brinkman, who provided terrific on the ground support in meeting the challenges of living and researching in Japan. I would also like to extend thanks to the Inter-University Center for Japanese Language Studies for their excellent intensive language training and the Blakemore Foundation for funding my study at the center. Last, but certainly not least, I am deeply indebted to my family for their unflagging support throughout this process. My parents, David and Bernadette, and my sisters, Renee and Michelle have been with me through every stage of this journey. I truly appreciate how they have always volunteered to act as sounding boards, looked after me while I was in Japan, and encouraged me never to give up. I could not have done this with out them. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. vii List of Appendices ...................................................................................................................... viii Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the Sources ...................................................................................................... 9 Medieval Aristocratic Journals and Households ..................................................................... 9 Overview of the Sources ....................................................................................................... 18 Themes and the Organization of the Dissertation ............................................................... 21 Chapter Two. Placing Genshi in Historical Context: Women, the Aristocracy, and the Imperial Court in the Fourteenth Century .............................................................................. 26 Gender and the Aristocracy ................................................................................................... 27 Women and Politics: Sexual Relationships and Patronage ................................................... 28 The Aristocracy in the Fourteenth Century ......................................................................... 37 Economic and Political Difficulties: Privatization of Land and the Rise of Warriors .......... 37 Political Turmoil: The Nanbokuchō Conflict ....................................................................... 40 The Political and Economic Condition of the Aristocracy in the Fourteenth Century ......... 41 Placing Genshi in the Back Palace: Identifying Women, Politics, and Court Service .... 49 Identifying Genshi: Naming Conventions in Medieval Texts .............................................. 50 The Jōrō no tsubone and Changes in the Back Palace ......................................................... 52 iv Conclusion: Status Shifts in Sexual Politics .......................................................................... 72 Chapter Three. Records of Emperor Go-Komatsu’s Birth: Women, Ritual Performance, and Wealth. .................................................................................................................................. 76 Women’s Visibility in Records of Ceremonies ..................................................................... 81 Key Characteristics in the Writing of Ceremonies ............................................................... 81 Women’s Visibility in Records of Precedent and Performance ........................................... 87 Women and the Writing of Wealth ..................................................................................... 128 The Writing of Wealth ........................................................................................................ 130 Women and the Writing of Wealth ..................................................................................... 141 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 172 Chapter Four. Women, Social Networks, and Politics .......................................................... 176 Women and Appointments ................................................................................................... 179 Women’s Visibility Obtaining Rank and Office ................................................................ 180 Direct Participation in Appointments: Annual Allotments ................................................. 190 Women and Social Connections .......................................................................................... 191 Sanefuyu’s Promotions in the 1360s and 1370s: The Ōgimachi Sanjō and Maternal Kinship ............................................................................................................................................. 193 Hino Senshi and Hirohashi Chūshi: Sex, Kinship, Service, and Yoshimitsu’s Rise .......... 200 The Sanjō: Genshi’s Absence and Vulnerability ................................................................ 230 Maternal Kinship and High Titles: Sanefuyu’s Appointment to Captain of the Right Imperial Guards .................................................................................................................. 249 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 258 Chapter Five. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 261 Women’s Participation in the Circulation of Information ............................................... 267 Appendices ................................................................................................................................. 281 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
    The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em­ peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro­ pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Hofstede's Masculinity
    Keio Communication Review No. 27, 2005 Hofstede’s Masculinity/ Femininity Dimension and the Pregnancy of Princess Masako: An Analysis of Japanese and International Newspaper Coverage by Tomoko KANAYAMA Anne COOPER-CHEN* Introduction In the world’s most masculine society (Hofstede, 2001), a baby girl is shaking Japan’s very foundations. On December 5, 2001, Princess Masako gave birth to her first child–a daughter, Aiko. All Japanese celebrated the happy news that, after eight years of marriage, the future emperor and empress of Japan at last had a child. The media unanimously reported it as a nation’s brightest news event of the year. Masako’s pregnancy garnered attention not only from the Japanese media, but also from foreign media, partly because of issues surrounding the succession of the world’s oldest monarchy system, which is rooted in Shinto religion. Moreover, Japan needed some good news–a bright spot in the social malaise caused by a long economic recession. In addition to these reasons, Masako herself attracts media as perhaps the most popular female public figure or celebrity in Japan. Ever since Masako, who was a commoner but a brilliant, successful former diplomat, became a member of the world’s most traditional monarchy, Japanese people have expected her to open up the royal family and promote gender equality in Japanese society. News Coverage of the Imperial Family in Japan All matters related to the imperial family are taken charge of by the Imperial Household Agency. In Japan, each governmental administration has its own press club, called a “kisha club,” in which only members of each club can get official information and resources relevant to matters of the administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei
    Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei By ©2016 Alison Miller Submitted to the graduate degree program in the History of Art and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko ________________________________ Dr. Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Dr. David Cateforis ________________________________ Dr. John Pultz ________________________________ Dr. Akiko Takeyama Date Defended: April 15, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Alison Miller certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko Date approved: April 15, 2016 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the political significance of the image of the Japanese Empress Teimei (1884-1951) with a focus on issues of gender and class. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Japanese society underwent significant changes in a short amount of time. After the intense modernizations of the late nineteenth century, the start of the twentieth century witnessed an increase in overseas militarism, turbulent domestic politics, an evolving middle class, and the expansion of roles for women to play outside the home. As such, the early decades of the twentieth century in Japan were a crucial period for the formation of modern ideas about femininity and womanhood. Before, during, and after the rule of her husband Emperor Taishō (1879-1926; r. 1912-1926), Empress Teimei held a highly public role, and was frequently seen in a variety of visual media.
    [Show full text]
  • Poet Profiles His Imperial Majesty Emperor Akihito and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Michiko of Japan Ty Hadman
    Poet Profiles His Imperial Majesty Emperor Akihito and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Michiko of Japan Ty Hadman Since 951 A.D., in the fifth year of Tenreki during the reign of Emperor Murakami, there has been held a ceremony, in the presence of the assembled high court of Japan, known as Utakai Shiki (Ceremony for Chanting Poetry). In spite of interruptions of wars and political variations of the powers of the clans to determine actual rulers of the country, the ceremony is still celebrated to this day. One of the sustaining facets of the ceremony is the fact that the Emperor and members of the Imperial Family each contribute their best poem of the year to be read before this distinguished audience. In order to fulfill this duty of office and to also present an elevated standard of proficiency, part of the education of princes and princesses, is to study the art of waka or tanka writing. The present Emperor of Japan, taken from his mother when he was three years old to be raised by tutors, chamberlains and nurses, was also given instruction in poetry writing. Even after becoming an adult, and still as His Imperial Highness, the Crown Prince, he continued to be instructed on tanka composition by Gotô Shigeru. In 1957, when the then Crown Prince Akihito was of an age to marry, he met, at a tennis match, Miss Michiko Shoda, the eldest daughter of the chairman of the Nisshin Flour Milling Company. She had just graduated, as valedictorian, from the Sacred Heart Women’s University, with a degree from the Department of Literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Thanksgiving Ceremony
    PROVISIONAL TRANSLATION (December 2018) Only significant errors of English in the translation have been corrected––the content will be checked against the original Japanese for accuracy at a later date. The History of the Great Thanksgiving Ceremony NITTA Hitoshi1 The Daijōsai, or “Great Thanksgiving Ceremony,” originated as a ritual of rice farming, which is the root of Japanese culture, and the Daijōsai is part of the imperial enthronement ritual, which is the core of the structure of the state. Because of that, it is found that while sustaining the essential features of the ritual, the Daijōsai has changed in terms of the way it has been conducted. The history of the Daijōsai can be explained by dividing it into six stages. First, the first stage signifies the period before the Daijōsai was established as a system. During this period, Niinamesai, which became the matrix of the Daijōsai, was practiced, and from the Yayoi period to the reign of Emperor Tenchi. The second stage is the time of establishment and development. In terms of periodization, it is from the end of the Asuka period to the middle of the Heian period, and from the 40th emperor Tenmu to the 60th emperor Daigo. The third stage is the period of transformation from the middle from the Heian period to the middle of the Muromachi period (around the time of Ōnin War). It is from the 61st emperor Suzaku to the 103rd emperor Go-Tsuchimikado. The fourth stage is the period of interrupt from the middle of the Muromachi period (the Warring States period).
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Sugawara No Michizane in the ''Nihongiryaku, Fuso Ryakki'' and the ''Gukansho''
    Ideology and Historiography : The Case of Sugawara no Michizane in the ''Nihongiryaku, Fuso Ryakki'' and the ''Gukansho'' 著者 PLUTSCHOW Herbert 会議概要（会議名, Historiography and Japanese Consciousness of 開催地, 会期, 主催 Values and Norms, カリフォルニア大学 サンタ・ 者等） バーバラ校, カリフォルニア大学 ロサンゼルス校, 2001年1月 page range 133-145 year 2003-01-31 シリーズ 北米シンポジウム 2000 International Symposium in North America 2014 URL http://doi.org/10.15055/00001515 Ideology and Historiography: The Case of Sugawara no Michizane in the Nihongiryaku, Fusi Ryakki and the Gukanshd Herbert PLUTSCHOW University of California at Los Angeles To make victims into heroes is a Japanese cultural phenomenon intimately relat- ed to religion and society. It is as old as written history and survives into modem times. Victims appear as heroes in Buddhist, Shinto, and Shinto-Buddhist cults and in numer- ous works of Japanese literature, theater and the arts. In a number of articles I have pub- lished on this subject,' I tried to offer a religious interpretation, emphasizing the need to placate political victims in order to safeguard the state from their wrath. Unappeased political victims were believed to seek revenge by harming the living, causing natural calamities, provoking social discord, jeopardizing the national welfare. Beginning in the tenth century, such placation took on a national importance. Elsewhere I have tried to demonstrate that the cult of political victims forced political leaders to worship their for- mer enemies in a cult providing the religious legitimization, that is, the mainstay of their power.' The reason for this was, as I demonstrated, the attempt leaders made to control natural forces through the worship of spirits believed to influence them.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Studies Review
    JAPAN STUDIES REVIEW Volume Nineteen 2015 Interdisciplinary Studies of Modern Japan Steven Heine Editor Editorial Board John A. Tucker, East Carolina University Yumiko Hulvey, University of Florida Matthew Marr, Florida International University Ann Wehmeyer, University of Florida Hitomi Yoshio, Florida International University Copy and Production María Sol Echarren Rebecca Richko Ian Verhine Kimberly Zwez JAPAN STUDIES REVIEW VOLUME NINETEEN 2015 A publication of Florida International University and the Southern Japan Seminar CONTENTS Editor’s Introduction i Re: Subscriptions, Submissions, and Comments ii ARTICLES Going Postal: Empire Building through Miniature Messages on German and Japanese Stamps Fabian Bauwens 3 Old, New, Borrowed, and Blue: Hiroshi Senju’s Waterfall Paintings as Intersections of Innovation Peter L. Doebler 37 Delightfully Sauced: Wine Manga and the Japanese Sommelier’s Rise to the Top of the French Wine World Jason Christopher Jones 55 “Fairness” and Japanese Government Subsidies for Sickness Insurances Yoneyuki Sugita 85 ESSAYS A “Brief Era of Experimentation”: How the Early Meiji Political Debates Shaped Japanese Political Terminology Bradly Hammond 117 The Night Crane: Nun Abutsu’s Yoru No Tsuru Introduced, Translated, and Annotated Eric Esteban 135 BOOK REVIEWS Scream from the Shadows: The Women’s Liberation Movement in Japan By Setsu Shigematsu Reviewed by Julia C. Bullock 169 Critical Buddhism: Engaging with Modern Japanese Buddhist Thought By James Mark Shields Reviewed by Steven Heine 172 Banzai Babe Ruth: Baseball, Espionage, & Assassination During the 1934 Tour of Japan By Robert K. Fitts Reviewed by Daniel A. Métraux 175 Supreme Commander: MacArther’s Triumph in Japan By Seymour Morris Reviewed by Daniel A. Métraux 177 CONTRIBUTORS/EDITORS i EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION Welcome to the nineteenth volume of the Japan Studies Review (JSR), an annual peer-reviewed journal sponsored by the Asian Studies Program at Florida International University Seminar.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J
    Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei mandara Talia J. Andrei Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Talia J.Andrei All rights reserved Abstract Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J. Andrei This dissertation examines the historical and artistic circumstances behind the emergence in late medieval Japan of a short-lived genre of painting referred to as sankei mandara (pilgrimage mandalas). The paintings are large-scale topographical depictions of sacred sites and served as promotional material for temples and shrines in need of financial support to encourage pilgrimage, offering travelers worldly and spiritual benefits while inspiring them to donate liberally. Itinerant monks and nuns used the mandara in recitation performances (etoki) to lead audiences on virtual pilgrimages, decoding the pictorial clues and touting the benefits of the site shown. Addressing themselves to the newly risen commoner class following the collapse of the aristocratic order, sankei mandara depict commoners in the role of patron and pilgrim, the first instance of them being portrayed this way, alongside warriors and aristocrats as they make their way to the sites, enjoying the local delights, and worship on the sacred grounds. Together with the novel subject material, a new artistic language was created— schematic, colorful and bold. We begin by locating sankei mandara’s artistic roots and influences and then proceed to investigate the individual mandara devoted to three sacred sites: Mt. Fuji, Kiyomizudera and Ise Shrine (a sacred mountain, temple and shrine, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Kumazawa Agonistes: the Right of Conquest and the Rise of Democratic Ideology (Part One)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE 【論文】 Kumazawa Agonistes: The Right of Conquest and the Rise of Democratic Ideology (Part One) Jason M. Morgan Introduction:TheKumazawaCase TO: General MacARTHUR. A very curious letter came across Douglas MacArthurʼs FROM: KUMAZAWA, Hiromichi (熊沢寛道) desk on August 11, 1947. It was hardly the only letter to arrive KYOTO To, SAKYO ku, TANAKA KITAHARUNA – 1. that day, to be sure. MacArthur was the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers—SCAP—and essentially the de facto DATE: (No date.) shogun of Japan. Since Japanʼs defeat in the Greater East Asia War, MacArthur had reigned as head of General Headquarters, The writer states that during the period when the Imperial GHQ, and, in effect, as the benevolent dictator of the entire throne was divided between the Northern and Southern archipelago. Dynasties, Emperor GOKOMATSU (後小松) of the The SCAP archives, housed in the National Diet Library Northern Dynasty killed Prince JITSUHITO (実仁), son in Nagatachō, contain boxes and boxes of microfiched letters and heir of Emperor GOKAMEYAMA (後亀山) of the to the power behind the Chrysanthemum Throne. Summarized Southern Dynasty, thus putting an end to the Southern and also mimeographed from the originals, the letters touch Dynasty. The Northern Dynasty then became sole on every conceivable subject, from complaints about the black claimant to the Imperial throne. market and concerns about building practices to denunciations of individuals and organizations for reasons both public- The writer has conducted extensive research throughout minded and personal, profound and petty. NARA, MIE, FUKUSHIMA, and AICHI prefectures But one letter stands out.
    [Show full text]
  • Salvation and Sovereignty Syllabus KCJS
    KCJS Salvation and Sovereignty Syllabus Salvation and Sovereignty: Buddhism and Shinto in Japanese History Seminar Spring 2019 Course Syllabus Instructor: Adam Lyons Email: [email protected] Course Time: Wed./Fri. 1:10-2:40 PM Location: KCJS Classroom Instructor Office Hour: Wed./Fri. aFter class and by appointment. Course Description and Goals This course draws on the rich resources of Kyoto to consider the place of Buddhism and Shinto in Japanese history. In addition to traditional reading assignments and classroom discussion, we will conduct multiple research expeditions to museums and signiFicant religious and cultural sites in and around Kyoto. Although there are common misconceptions that hold Buddhism to be a “world- renouncing” religion and Shinto to be a Form oF nature worship, this course places an emphasis on the political dimension oF these traditions to pursue a more nuanced understanding of Buddhism and Shinto. We will explore how Buddhism and Shinto have been driving forces in Japanese history—with many oF the most powerFul institutions based right here in Kyoto. By the end of the course, students should be able to articulate the political signiFicance oF Buddhist and Shinto institutions and ideas. Students should also reFine their grasp oF the relationship between the social and the ideological in light oF the course’s themes: kingship/cosmology, and voluntary political associations/salvation. They should ultimately gain the ability to deconstruct ahistorical representations of Buddhism and Shinto as static and monolithic, and they can also expect to cultivate a Familiarity with some oF the major figures, sects, and concepts of Japanese religious history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dharma for Sovereigns and Warriors
    Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 2002 29/1-2 The Dharma for Sovereigns and Warriors Onjo-ji^ しlaim for Legitimacy in Tengu zoshi H aruko Wakabayashi One of the recurring themes depicted in the i engu zoshi, a set of seven scrolls dated 1296，is the conflict among established temples of Nara and Kyoto. The present article focuses particularly on the dispute between Enryaku-ji (sanmon) and Onjo-ji {jimon) that took place during the thir­ teenth century as it is depicted in Tengu zoshi. The analysis of the texts, both visual and verbal, reveals that the scrolls are more sympathetic to Onjo-ji than Enryaku-ji. This is evident especially when the verbal texts of the Onjo-ji and Enryaku-ji scrolls are compared. Closer examination of the scrolls also shows that Onjo-ji claims superiority over all other established temples. This study shows how the scrolls reveal the discourse formed by the temples during disputes in the late Kamakura period in order to win sup­ port from political authorities. Tengu zoshi, therefore, in addition to being- a fine example of medieval art, is also an invaluable source for historical studies of late Kamakura Buddmsm. Keywords: Tengu zoshi —— Onjo-ji — Enryaku-ji — obo buppo soi — narrative scroll (emaki) — ordination platform (kaidan) Tengu zoshi 天狗草紙 is a set of narrative scrolls {emaki,絵巻）dated to 1296.1 The set consists of seven scrolls: the Kofuku-ji 興福寺，Todai-ji fhis article is based on a chapter of my doctoral dissertation, and was revised and pre­ sented most recently at the Setsuwa Bungakukai in Nagoya, December 2001.I wish to thank Kuroda Hideo, Abe Yasuro, Harada Masatoshi, and my colleagues Saito Ken’ichi，Fujiwara Shigeo, and Kuroda Satoshi for reading and commenting on my drafts.
    [Show full text]
  • Biblioteca Digital De Cartomagia, Ilusionismo Y Prestidigitación
    Biblioteca-Videoteca digital, cartomagia, ilusionismo, prestidigitación, juego de azar, Antonio Valero Perea. BIBLIOTECA / VIDEOTECA INDICE DE OBRAS POR TEMAS Adivinanzas-puzzles -- Magia anatómica Arte referido a los naipes -- Magia callejera -- Música -- Magia científica -- Pintura -- Matemagia Biografías de magos, tahúres y jugadores -- Magia cómica Cartomagia -- Magia con animales -- Barajas ordenadas -- Magia de lo extraño -- Cartomagia clásica -- Magia general -- Cartomagia matemática -- Magia infantil -- Cartomagia moderna -- Magia con papel -- Efectos -- Magia de escenario -- Mezclas -- Magia con fuego -- Principios matemáticos de cartomagia -- Magia levitación -- Taller cartomagia -- Magia negra -- Varios cartomagia -- Magia en idioma ruso Casino -- Magia restaurante -- Mezclas casino -- Revistas de magia -- Revistas casinos -- Técnicas escénicas Cerillas -- Teoría mágica Charla y dibujo Malabarismo Criptografía Mentalismo Globoflexia -- Cold reading Juego de azar en general -- Hipnosis -- Catálogos juego de azar -- Mind reading -- Economía del juego de azar -- Pseudohipnosis -- Historia del juego y de los naipes Origami -- Legislación sobre juego de azar Patentes relativas al juego y a la magia -- Legislación Casinos Programación -- Leyes del estado sobre juego Prestidigitación -- Informes sobre juego CNJ -- Anillas -- Informes sobre juego de azar -- Billetes -- Policial -- Bolas -- Ludopatía -- Botellas -- Sistemas de juego -- Cigarrillos -- Sociología del juego de azar -- Cubiletes -- Teoria de juegos -- Cuerdas -- Probabilidad
    [Show full text]