DOCSLIB.ORG

"The New Guinea Highlands" Region, Culture Area, Or Fuzzy Set?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rhode Island College Digital Commons @ RIC Faculty Publications Spring 4-1993 "The ewN Guinea Highlands" Region, Culture Area, or Fuzzy Set? Terence E. Hays Rhode Island College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/facultypublications Part of the Other Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Citation Hays, T. E., Brown, P., Harrison, S., Hauser-Schäublin, B., Hayano, D. M., Hirsch, E., ... & Westermark, G. D. (1993). " The eN w Guinea Highlands": Region, culture area, or fuzzy set? Current Anthropology, 34(2), 141-164. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ RIC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ RIC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "The New Guinea Highlands": Region, Culture Area, or Fuzzy Set? [and Comments and Reply] Author(s): Terence E. Hays, Paula Brown, Simon Harrison, Brigitta Hauser-Schäublin, David M. Hayano, Eric Hirsch, Dan Jorgensen, Bruce M. Knauft, Rena Lederman, Edward Lipuma, Eugene Ogan, Andrew Strathern, James F. Weiner, George D. Westermark Source: Current Anthropology, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Apr., 1993), pp. 141-164 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743972 Accessed: 06/12/2010 09:23 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press and Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Current Anthropology. http://www.jstor.org CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 34, Number 2, April I993 ? I993 byThe Wenner-GrenFoundation for Anthropological Research. All rightsreserved OOII-3204/93/3402-0002$2.50 Accordingto Mandeville (I980:549) "studentsagree on two things about New Guinea Highlanders: they ex- changepigs and theydo not conformto Africanmodels. "The New Guinea A good start,but clearlymore is needed." Whatevermay be the limits of agreementamong students,since the Highlands" ig5os anthropologistshave made a cottageindustry out of demarcatinga "region" called "the New Guinea Highlands" and tryingto identifyways in which "the Highlands" can be contrastedwith "the Lowlands" and Region,Culture Area, or what is to be found "there." For example, numerous Fuzzy Set?' differencesin religion and cosmology have been pro- posed as points of contrastbetween "Highlands" and "Seaboard" societies (Lawrence and Meggitt I965). More recently,Lindenbaum (I984:34I) tells us that by Terence E. Hays "from[a] larger,Melanesia-wide perspective,the New Guinea Highlands emerges as a region in which ritualized male homosexual experience is notably ab- sent"-indeed, "the broadest contrasts among Mel- anesian cultures emerge . from a comparison be- The criteriafor delineating "the New Guinea Highlands,"a fun- damentalcategory in Melanesiananthropology, are variable, tween the so-called semen groups of the Lowlands vague,and inconsistentlyapplied, with the result that there is lit- and the Highland cultures in which semen is not tle clarityor agreementwith regard to its characteristicsand its the ritualized stuffof life" (p. 342). Whitehead (I986) membership.So faras the literatureis concerned,"the New contends that in "the lowlands" a "manhood empha- GuineaHighlands" is a fuzzyset. The commonresort to notions of "cores,""margins," or "fringes"is an attemptto preservean sis" is to be found in fertilitycults while in "the essentialistapproach but inevitablyleads to the same confusion. highlands""clanhood" is emphasized. The list of char- The continueduse of "the Highlands"as an analyticor theoreti- acterizationsand contrastscould be extended through cal constructcarries the costs ofmisleadingly implied homoge- social and political organization (e.g., Harrison I989) neity,with marginalization of "exceptions,"ahistorical reifica- tionof social and cultural"traits," and deemphasison linkages to warfare(Knauft I990). amongcommunities. A plea is made herefor a shiftfrom studies These few examples are perhaps the kind of "more" ofmorphology to studiesof process-from concerns with what that Mandeville feels is needed, and presumablythey peopleare to concernswith what people do. are the sort of claims that she has in mind in saying that "it makes more than geographicalsense to think TERENCE E. HAYS iS Professorof Anthropology at RhodeIsland about the Highlands as a single area" (ig80:55o). In College(Providence, R.I. o02o8, U.S.A.). Bornin I942, he was ed- any event, they are indicative of how salient "the ucatedat the Universityof Omaha (B.A.,i966), the Universityof Colorado(M.A., i968), and the Universityof Washington (Ph.D., New Guinea Highlands" has become as a fundamental I974). His researchinterests are the ethnographyand ethnology categoryin Melanesian anthropologyas scholars have ofNew Guinea.His publicationsinclude the editedvolumes Eth- tried to develop explanations for social and cultural nographicPresents: Pioneering Anthropologists in thePapua phenomena with referenceto "regions" in which they New Guinea Highlands(Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress, do or do not occur or in which they take particular i992), Oceania (Boston:G. K. Hall, i99i), and,with others, An- thropologyin theHigh Valleys:Essays on theNew Guinea High- forms. lands in Honorof Kenneth E. Read (Novato:Chandler, i987). My concern here is to examine the categorylabeled The presentpaper was submittedin finalform 2 x 92. "the New Guinea Highlands" as it has been used in several recent studies that offerexplicit comparisons of "the Highlands" with other "regions" (Lindenbaum I984, Whitehead I986, Weiner I988, Knauft I990) or that incorporatemajor surveys of "Highlands" societ- ies (Brown I978, Gelber I986, Feil I987). These works are the result of literaturesurveys from which ethno- graphiccases have been drawn, categorizedas "High- lands" or not, and compared for selected attributes. The criteria employed in these surveys and, conse- quently,their resulting classifications have varied con- i. Thispaper was originallyprepared for a workingseminar entitled "Not in Isolation:Regional Studies in MelanesianAnthropology," siderably,and when their internal inconsistencies are heldin i99I and cosponsoredby theWenner-Gren Foundation for combined with this variation in conceptualizationthe AnthropologicalResearch and the Field Museum of NaturalHis- situation becomes even more muddled. We find our- tory.I am gratefulto thosesponsors and the otherparticipants in selves in a position not only of wonderingwhat we the seminarfor a stimulatingdiscussion of centralissues and to ChrisGosden, Bruce Knauft, Paul Roscoe,Richard Scaglion, Robert know after all about "the Highlands" but of ques- Welsch,and thefour referees for this journal for their very helpful tioningin what sense "the Highlands" is usefullyre- commentson earlierdrafts of the paper. gardedas a "region" at all. I4I I42 CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 34, Number 2, April I993 Delineating "the Highlands" ferredto veryselectively [see StrathernI990]), and in Papua New Guinea it stretchessoutheastward well into It mightbe supposed fromits label that a categorysuch Milne Bay Province, including the country's third- as "the New Guinea Highlands" is basically organized highestmountain, Mount Victoria (at 4,072 m) in the around geographic or physical attributes,but which Owen StanleyRange near PortMoresby (King and Ranck "lands" are "high" is not self-evidenton an island whose n.d. [I982]:88-89). Nevertheless,the StricklandGorge relief extends from tide-washed coastline to snow- on the west and the KratkeRange in the east are often capped peaks at approximately4,5 Io m above sea level the effective,if not explicitlystated, east-westbound- in Papua New Guinea and about 4,740 m in Irian Jaya. aries of consideration.Such truncationscannot be un- Nor has there been agreementon the question among derstoodas motivatedby criteriabased on reliefor con- anthropologists. comitantvegetation or climatic patterns(see King and In one of the earliestattempts to delineatethe region, Ranck n.d. [i9821:92-93, 96-97). Thus, Brown's(I978:2) Read (I954:2) proposed that "the Highlands of New claim that"altitude, climate, temperature, and otheren- Guinea forma regionwhich is ... most simplydescribed vironmentalcharacteristics set the highlandsapart from as a chain of valleys lying at
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Experiences, Challenges and Lessons Learnt in Papua New Guinea
    Practice BMJ Glob Health: first published as 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003747 on 3 December 2020. Downloaded from Mortality surveillance and verbal autopsy strategies: experiences, challenges and lessons learnt in Papua New Guinea 1 1 2 3 4 John D Hart , Viola Kwa, Paison Dakulala, Paulus Ripa, Dale Frank, 5 6 7 1 Theresa Lei, Ninkama Moiya, William Lagani, Tim Adair , Deirdre McLaughlin,1 Ian D Riley,1 Alan D Lopez1 To cite: Hart JD, Kwa V, ABSTRACT Summary box Dakulala P, et al. Mortality Full notification of deaths and compilation of good quality surveillance and verbal cause of death data are core, sequential and essential ► Mortality surveillance as part of government pro- autopsy strategies: components of a functional civil registration and vital experiences, challenges and grammes has been successfully introduced in three statistics (CRVS) system. In collaboration with the lessons learnt in Papua New provinces in Papua New Guinea: (Milne Bay, West Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG), trial mortality Guinea. BMJ Global Health New Britain and Western Highlands). surveillance activities were established at sites in Alotau 2020;5:e003747. doi:10.1136/ ► Successful notification and verbal autopsy (VA) District in Milne Bay Province, Tambul- Nebilyer District in bmjgh-2020-003747 strategies require planning at the local level and Western Highlands Province and Talasea District in West selection of appropriate notification agents and VA New Britain Province. Handling editor Soumitra S interviewers, in particular that they have positions of Provincial Health Authorities trialled strategies to improve Bhuyan trust in the community. completeness of death notification and implement an Additional material is ► It is essential that notification and VA data collec- ► automated verbal autopsy methodology, including use of published online only.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania
    Abstract of http://www.uog.ac.pg/glec/thesis/ch1web/ABSTRACT.htm Abstract of Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania by Glendon A. Lean In modern technological societies we take the existence of numbers and the act of counting for granted: they occur in most everyday activities. They are regarded as being sufficiently important to warrant their occupying a substantial part of the primary school curriculum. Most of us, however, would find it difficult to answer with any authority several basic questions about number and counting. For example, how and when did numbers arise in human cultures: are they relatively recent inventions or are they an ancient feature of language? Is counting an important part of all cultures or only of some? Do all cultures count in essentially the same ways? In English, for example, we use what is known as a base 10 counting system and this is true of other European languages. Indeed our view of counting and number tends to be very much a Eurocentric one and yet the large majority the languages spoken in the world - about 4500 - are not European in nature but are the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific, Africa, and the Americas. If we take these into account we obtain a quite different picture of counting systems from that of the Eurocentric view. This study, which attempts to answer these questions, is the culmination of more than twenty years on the counting systems of the indigenous and largely unwritten languages of the Pacific region and it involved extensive fieldwork as well as the consultation of published and rare unpublished sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Kosipe Revisited
    Peat in the mountains of New Guinea G.S. Hope Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Peatlands are common in montane areas above 1,000 m in New Guinea and become extensive above 3,000 m in the subalpine zone. In the montane mires, swamp forests and grass or sedge fens predominate on swampy valley bottoms. These mires may be 4–8 m in depth and up to 30,000 years in age. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) there is about 2,250 km2 of montane peatland, and Papua Province (the Indonesian western half of the island) probably contains much more. Above 3,000 m, peat soils form under blanket bog on slopes as well as on valley floors. Vegetation types include cushion bog, grass bog and sedge fen. Typical peat depths are 0.5‒1 m on slopes, but valley floors and hollows contain up to 10 m of peat. The estimated total extent of mountain peatland is 14,800 km2 with 5,965 km2 in PNG and about 8,800 km2 in Papua Province. The stratigraphy, age structure and vegetation histories of 45 peatland or organic limnic sites above 750 m have been investigated since 1965. These record major vegetation shifts at 28,000, 17,000‒14,000 and 9,000 years ago and a variable history of human disturbance from 14,000 years ago with extensive clearance by the mid- Holocene at some sites. While montane peatlands were important agricultural centres in the Holocene, the introduction of new dryland crops has resulted in the abandonment of some peatlands in the last few centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia (Republic Of)
    Indonesia (Republic of) Last updated: 31-01-2004 Location and area Indonesia is an island republic and largest nation of South East Asia, stretching across some 5,000 km and with a north-south spread of about 2,000 km. The republic shares the island of Borneo with Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam; Indonesian Borneo, equivalent to about 75 per cent of the island, is called Kalimantan. The western half of New Guinea is the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya (formerly West Irian); the eastern half is part of Papua New Guinea. The marine frontiers of Indonesia include the South China Sea, the Celebes Sea, and the Pacific Ocean to the north, and the Indian Ocean to the south and west. Indonesia has a land area of 1,904,443 km2. (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2002). According to Geoanalytics (www.geoanalytics.com/bims/bims.htm) the land area of Indonesia comprises 1,919,663 km2. Topography Indonesia comprises 13,677 islands on both sides of the equator, 6,000 of which are inhabited. Kalimantan and Irian Jaya, together with Sumatra (also called Sumatera), Java (Jawa), and Celebes (Sulawesi) are the largest islands and, together with the insular provinces of Kalimantan and Irian Jaya, account for about 95 per cent of its land area. The smaller islands, including Madura, Timor, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Bali predominantly form part of island groups. The Moluccas (Maluku) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusatenggara) are the largest island groups. The Java, Flores, and Banda seas divide the major islands of Indonesia into two unequal strings. The comparatively long, narrow islands of Sumatra, Java, Timor (in the Nusatenggara group), and others lie to the south; Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas, and New Guinea lie to the north.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Food Economy Map
    Ethiopia Food Economy Map Tigray Central Lowland Northwest Highland Tigray Northern Highland Northwest Lowlands Wollo Northwest Watershed Wollo Central Highlands Tigray Central Highland Wollo Southern Highlands Wollo Northeast Plain Wollo Southeast Lowlands Western Lowlands' Harerge Highland West and Central Afar Rangeland Eastern Chat Complex Highlands Harerge Marginal Harerge Mixed Economy Rift Valley West and Central Marginal Mixed Crops Western Coffee Complex Ogaden Rangeland Enset Complex Southwest Marginal Rangeland Borana Rangeland Southwest Arable Enset Mixed Economy Enset Complex source: SCF-UK Ethiopia FEZ map explanations Ethiopia consists of a high massif (some 40% of the territory) and surrounding foothills and low plains which provide the frontiers with Sudan, Kenya and Somalia as well as the coastal hinterland. The country is nearly bisected by the Rift Valley from northeast to south-west. More than 90% of Ethiopians live above 1300 meters, the threshold for rain-fed agriculture. Altitude greatly influences temperature and rainfall. Ethiopians commonly distinguish between three general environments: - the highlands above about 2500 meters (dega) - the middle altitudes about 1600 - 2500 meters (weyna dega) - the agricultural lowlands below about 1600 meters (kolla) - the pastoral lowlands below about 1300 meters (kolla/bereha) Because Ethiopia has a rugged topography, people separated by only a few kilometers often live in very different ecologies, determined by altitude and even by aspect of slopes - one area may be in a rain-shadow in one year, another in the next. This means that production success and failure can show localized variations. The high plateaux are separated by ravines, abysses and gorges which have discouraged the creation of an extensive road network.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 8
    AUSTRALIAN AGENCY for INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 8 EASTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, RL. Hide, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, P. Hobsbawn, E. Lowes and D. Stannard REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY · PAPUA NEW GUINEA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 8 EASTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, R.L. Hide, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, P. Hobsbawn, E. Lowes and D. Stannard Department of Human Geography, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 Correct Citation: Bourke, R.M., Allen, B.J., Hide, R.L., Fritsch, D., Grau, R., Hobsbawn, P., Lowes, E. and Stannard, D. (2002). Eastern Highlands Province: Text Summaries, Maps, Code Lists and Village Identification. Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 8. Land Management Group, Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. Revised edition. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry: Eastern Highlands Province: text summaries, maps, code lists and village identification. Rev. ed. ISBN 0 9579381 8 7 1. Agricultural systems – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. 2. Agricultural geography – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. 3. Agricultural mapping – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. I. Bourke, R.M. (Richard Michael). II. Australian National University. Land Management Group. (Series: Agricultural systems of Papua New Guinea working paper; no.
    [Show full text]
  • Papua New Guinea (And Comparators)
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized BELOW THE GLASS FLOOR Analytical Review of Expenditure by Provincial Administrations on Rural Health from Health Function Grants & Provincial Internal Revenue JULY 2013 Below the Glass Floor: An Analytical Review of Provincial Administrations’ Rural Health Expenditure Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750- 8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax 202-522-2422; email: [email protected]. - i - Below the Glass Floor: An Analytical Review of Provincial Administrations’ Rural Health Expenditure Table of Contents Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The West Papua Dilemma Leslie B
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2010 The West Papua dilemma Leslie B. Rollings University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Rollings, Leslie B., The West Papua dilemma, Master of Arts thesis, University of Wollongong. School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2010. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3276 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. School of History and Politics University of Wollongong THE WEST PAPUA DILEMMA Leslie B. Rollings This Thesis is presented for Degree of Master of Arts - Research University of Wollongong December 2010 For Adam who provided the inspiration. TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION................................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... iii Figure 1. Map of West Papua......................................................................................................v SUMMARY OF ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • 20191227 PVR Loans 2486 2497 PNG Highlands Region Road
    Validation Report December 2019 Papua New Guinea: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program-Project 1 Reference Number: PVR-652 Project Number: 40173-023 MFF Number: 0029 Loan Number: 2496 and 2497 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DMF – design and monitoring framework DOW – Department of Works EIRR – economic internal rate of return km – kilometer MFF – multitranche financing facility NRA – National Roads Authority NTDP – national transportation development plan PCR – project completion report PNG – Papua New Guinea TA – technical assistance NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars. Director General Marvin Taylor-Dormond, Independent Evaluation Department (IED) Deputy Director General Veronique Salze-Lozac’h, IED Director Nathan Subramaniam, Sector and Project Division (IESP) Team Leader Toshiyuki Yokota, Principal Evaluation Specialist, IESP The guidelines formally adopted by the Independent Evaluation Department (IED) on avoiding conflict of interest in its independent evaluations were observed in the preparation of this report. To the knowledge of IED management, there were no conflicts of interest of the persons preparing, reviewing, or approving this report. The final ratings are the ratings of IED and may or may not coincide with those originally proposed by the consultants engaged for this report. In preparing any evaluation report, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, IED does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal
    [Show full text]
  • Djibouti: Z Z Z Z Summary Points Z Z Z Z Renewal Ofdomesticpoliticallegitimacy
    briefing paper page 1 Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub David Styan Africa Programme | April 2013 | AFP BP 2013/01 Summary points zz Change in Djibouti’s economic and strategic options has been driven by four factors: the Ethiopian–Eritrean war of 1998–2000, the impact of Ethiopia’s economic transformation and growth upon trade; shifts in US strategy since 9/11, and the upsurge in piracy along the Gulf of Aden and Somali coasts. zz With the expansion of the US AFRICOM base, the reconfiguration of France’s military presence and the establishment of Japanese and other military facilities, Djibouti has become an international maritime and military laboratory where new forms of cooperation are being developed. zz Djibouti has accelerated plans for regional economic integration. Building on close ties with Ethiopia, existing port upgrades and electricity grid integration will be enhanced by the development of the northern port of Tadjourah. zz These strategic and economic shifts have yet to be matched by internal political reforms, and growth needs to be linked to strategies for job creation and a renewal of domestic political legitimacy. www.chathamhouse.org Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub page 2 Djibouti 0 25 50 km 0 10 20 30 mi Red Sea National capital District capital Ras Doumeira Town, village B Airport, airstrip a b Wadis ERITREA a l- M International boundary a n d District boundary a b Main road Railway Moussa Ali ETHIOPIA OBOCK N11 N11 To Elidar Balho Obock N14 TADJOURA N11 N14 Gulf of Aden Tadjoura N9 Galafi Lac Assal Golfe de Tadjoura N1 N9 N9 Doraleh DJIBOUTI N1 Ghoubbet Arta N9 El Kharab DJIBOUTI N9 N1 DIKHIL N5 N1 N1 ALI SABIEH N5 N5 Abhe Bad N1 (Lac Abhe) Ali Sabieh DJIBOUTI Dikhil N5 To Dire Dawa SOMALIA/ ETHIOPIA SOMALILAND Source: United Nations Department of Field Support, Cartographic Section, Djibouti Map No.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Farming Systems in Upland Areas ©APO 2004, ISBN: 92-833-7031-7
    From: Sustainable Farming Systems in Upland Areas ©APO 2004, ISBN: 92-833-7031-7 (STM 09-00) Report of the APO Study Meeting on Sustainable Farming Systems in Upland Areas held in New Delhi, India, 15–19 January 2001 Edited by Dr. Tej Partap, Vice Chancellor, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Himachal Pradesh, India Published by the Asian Productivity Organization 1-2-10 Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan Tel: (81-3) 5226 3920 • Fax: (81-3) 5226 3950 E-mail: [email protected] • URL: www.apo-tokyo.org Disclaimer and Permission to Use This document is a part of the above-titled publication, and is provided in PDF format for educational use. It may be copied and reproduced for personal use only. For all other purposes, the APO's permission must first be obtained. The responsibility for opinions and factual matter as expressed in this document rests solely with its author(s), and its publication does not constitute an endorsement by the APO of any such expressed opinion, nor is it affirmation of the accuracy of information herein provided. Note: This title is available over the Internet as an APO e-book, and has not been published as a bound edition. SUSTAINABLE FARMING SYSTEMS IN UPLAND AREAS 2004 Asian Productivity Organization Tokyo Report of the APO Study Meeting on Sustainable Farming Systems in Upland Areas held in New Delhi, India, 15-19 January 2001. (STM-09-00) This report was edited by Dr. Tej Partap, Vice Chancellor, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Himachal Pradesh, India. The opinions expressed in this publication do not reflect the official view of the Asian Productivity Organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees of Somalia
    Trees of Somalia A Field Guide for Development Workers Desmond Mahony Oxfam Research Paper 3 Oxfam (UK and Ireland) © Oxfam (UK and Ireland) 1990 First published 1990 Revised 1991 Reprinted 1994 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 0 85598 109 1 Published by Oxfam (UK and Ireland), 274 Banbury Road, Oxford 0X2 7DZ, UK, in conjunction with the Henry Doubleday Research Association, Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK Typeset by DTP Solutions, Bullingdon Road, Oxford Printed on environment-friendly paper by Oxfam Print Unit This book converted to digital file in 2010 Contents Acknowledgements IV Introduction Chapter 1. Names, Climatic zones and uses 3 Chapter 2. Tree descriptions 11 Chapter 3. References 189 Chapter 4. Appendix 191 Tables Table 1. Botanical tree names 3 Table 2. Somali tree names 4 Table 3. Somali tree names with regional v< 5 Table 4. Climatic zones 7 Table 5. Trees in order of drought tolerance 8 Table 6. Tree uses 9 Figures Figure 1. Climatic zones (based on altitude a Figure 2. Somali road and settlement map Vll IV Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by the following organisations and individuals: Oxfam UK for funding me to compile these notes; the Henry Doubleday Research Association (UK) for funding the publication costs; the UK ODA forestry personnel for their encouragement and advice; Peter Kuchar and Richard Holt of NRA CRDP of Somalia for encouragement and essential information; Dr Wickens and staff of SEPESAL at Kew Gardens for information, advice and assistance; staff at Kew Herbarium, especially Gwilym Lewis, for practical advice on drawing, and Jan Gillet for his knowledge of Kew*s Botanical Collections and Somalian flora.
    [Show full text]