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Sarah Fox, Environmental Gentrification
9. FOX_ (DO NOT DELETE) 4/10/2019 11:45 AM ENVIRONMENTAL GENTRIFICATION SARAH FOX* Gentrification is a term often used, much maligned, and dif- ficult to define. A few general principles can nonetheless be distilled regarding the concept. First, gentrification is spur- red by rising desirability of an area for housing or commer- cial purposes. Second, this rising desirability, following ba- sic supply-and-demand principles, leads to higher property values and rents in an uncontrolled market. Third, gentrifi- cation leads to a shift in the demographics of a neighbor- hood. This shift can change not only the socioeconomic and racial composition of the area but also the community’s char- acter, as residential and commercial options begin to reflect the preferences of the new arrivals to the neighborhood. Much has been written and discussed about the nature of gentrification and its impacts on communities. Less has appeared in the legal literature focusing on one specific cat- alyst for gentrification—improvements to the environment. Environmental gentrification is a term used by social scien- tists to refer to the process by which environmental cleanups, or other improvements to environmental health, spur the cy- cle of gentrification. Where land or waterways have been con- taminated, cleanup of those resources often leads to renewed interest in the surrounding areas by developers and more af- fluent tenants and homebuyers. This is particularly the case in urban areas where the quantity of usable land is limited. In such areas, environmental contamination may have long contributed to depressing property values below what the market would otherwise support; removal of that contamina- * Assistant Professor of Law, Northern Illinois University College of Law. -
Urban Green Space, Public Health, and Environmental Justice: the Challenge of Making Cities 'Just Green Enough'
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities 'just green enough' Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pf8s47q Authors Wolch, JR Byrne, J Newell, JP Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Landscape and Urban Planning 125 (2014) 234–244 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Landscape and Urban Planning j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan Research Paper Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough’ a,∗ b c Jennifer R. Wolch , Jason Byrne , Joshua P. Newell a University of California, Berkeley, 230 Wurster Hall #1820, Berkeley, CA 94720-1820, USA b School of Environment, Griffith University, Australia c School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, USA h i g h l i g h t s • Urban green space promotes physical activity and public health. • Many US minority communities lack green space access, an environmental injustice. • US and Chinese cities have developed innovative ways to create new green space. • Urban greening can, however, create paradoxical effects such as gentrification. • Urban green space projects need more integrative sustainability policies to protect communities. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Urban green space, such as parks, forests, green roofs, streams, and community gardens, provides crit- Available online 2 March 2014 ical ecosystem services. Green space also promotes physical activity, psychological well-being, and the general public health of urban residents. -
6.717 Class Specification
STATE OF NEVADA Department of Administration Division of Human Resource Management CLASS SPECIFICATION TITLE GRADE EEO-4 CODE PARK AND RECREATION PROGRAM MANAGER 37 B 6.717 Under general direction, the Park and Recreation Program Manager is responsible for planning, organizing, coordinating and supervising the Division of State Parks’ park and recreation program, which includes conducting complex studies and analyses; planning and managing archaeological and promotional contracts and grants; assigning and reviewing work performed; evaluating present and future recreational needs and opportunities; and managing land acquisitions and exchanges. Develop work programs and specific tasks necessary to prepare and update statewide recreation plans, individual park master plans, resource protection plans, feasibility studies and other supporting studies and documentation; conduct research using technical, scientific and historical data; coordinate with other agencies involved in the implementation of park and recreation resource programs; negotiate with other federal, State, and local entities concerning multi-jurisdictional issues and represent the agency at various meetings. Manage planning, archaeological, and promotional contracts by developing the scope of work, selecting consultants, negotiating contracts, and approving and supervising work programs. Coordinate agency grant applications by seeking potential funding sources for capital improvement, resource protection and property acquisition projects; write grants and monitor compliance -
9.3 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
General Plan 9Sustainability Sustainability is a core value of the Community Vision, and an intrinsic component of all elements of the Carlsbad General Plan. The very same policies that further sustainable development also enhance quality-of-life and public health; increase energy efficiency and eliminate waste; enhance biological resources; and further other initiatives central to this plan. The purpose of sustainability in Carlsbad— and its incorporation throughout the General Plan—is to take responsibility for development and projected population growth and their potential impact on the 9-1 City of Carlsbad environment. By implementing sustainable 9Sustainability design measures and policies, Carlsbad can reduce its contribution to global climate change, minimize its reliance on fossil-fuel sources, decrease consumption of natural resources, while promoting active living and access to healthy food and demonstrating its commitment and leadership on sustainability. Because policies more directly related to topics such as mobility and land use are addressed in other elements, those elements should be consulted along with the Sustainability Element for a full understanding of General Plan sustainability initiatives. This element, like others in the General Plan, is policy and action-oriented, with limited background material. A comprehensive analysis of sustainability in Carlsbad was performed in 2010 as part of the work effort leading to this General Plan, and is presented in Working Paper #1: Sustainability. 9-2 General Plan 9.1 Introduction Background and Purpose Sustainability can be defined as “development that meets the needs of the 9Sustainability present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Since sustainability is an integral part of the Carlsbad General Plan, sustainability policies are included within each of the elements as appropriate. -
Seizing the Opportunity of Green Development in China
Supporting Report 3 Seizing the Opportunity of Green Development in China 229 230 CHINA 2030 Contents Abbreviations ............................................................ 232 Chapter One WHY GREEN DEVELOPMENT? ............................................ 233 a. The traditional model of development is no longer feasible .....................233 b. New opportunities arise ................................................236 Chapter Two “GREEN” AS A SOURCE OF GROWTH ...................................... 238 a. How “green” contributes to growth? ......................................238 b. Source 1: Green transformation of traditional sectors .........................240 c. Source 2: Expansion of emerging green industries ............................243 d. Source 3: Expansion of the service sector ...................................245 e. Additional opportunities for China’s under-developed regions ..................247 Chapter Three “GREEN” IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF GROWTH .......................... 249 a. Improving the quality of China’s growth by reducing environmental degradation ...249 b. Environmental co-benefits of green development .............................253 c. The benefits of investing in environmental protection .........................254 d. Adapting to a changing climate by increasing resilience to risk ..................255 Chapter Four FACTORS FAVORING AND IMPEDING GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA .....257 a. Factors favoring green development in China ...............................257 b. Factors impeding green development -
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS EPA 904B10001 | June 2010 Disclaimer The Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments (Toolkit) is not intended to provide guidance on local government codes/ordinances. The information here, however, can help communities evaluate their existing codes/ordinances and apply the information to create more environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable communities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cannot attest to the accuracy of non- EPA Web sites provided in the Toolkit. Providing references to non-EPA Web sites, companies, services, or products does not constitute an endorsement by EPA or any of its employees of the sponsors of the site or the information or products presented. Furthermore, EPA does not accept any responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data, or products presented at non-EPA Web sites, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. Cover credits: Top row of photos courtesy of Loren Heyns with Neighborhood.org. Bottom photo courtesy of Neighborhood.org. Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments i Acknowledgments The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is grateful for the invaluable assistance of a number of organizations and individuals who helped develop the Sustainable Design and Green Building Toolkit for Local Governments (Toolkit). Approximately 40 individuals contributed to the development of the Toolkit by participating in a March 2009 workshop hosted by the Southface Energy Institute in Atlanta, Overcoming Barriers to Green Permitting: Tools for Local Governments. The workshop was facilitated by Michael Elliott, Director of Research, Consortium on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Georgia Institute of Technology. -
How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 3-2019 How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change Marielle Christie Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Other Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Christie, Marielle, "How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change" (2019). Honors Theses. 2275. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/2275 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change By Marielle Christie ********** Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science/Arts Environmental Science and Policy Program UNION COLLEGE March, 2019 Abstract CHRISTIE, MARIELLE, How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change, Environmental Science and Policy Program, Union College, Schenectady, New York, March 2019. This thesis aims to illustrate the concept of natural disaster-induced environmental gentrification. There is a heightened vulnerability to unmitigated forced displacement by socioeconomically disadvantaged residents following a natural disaster. Environmental gentrification is a variant of green gentrification. Green gentrification occurs when providing green amenities to a city increases local property values and attracts wealthier residents to a previously polluted or disenfranchised neighborhood, which displaces the low-income residents. -
Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification
Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification H. Spencer Banzhaf and Eleanor McCormick Working Paper Series Working Paper # 07-02 January, 2007 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Economics 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (MC 1809) Washington, DC 20460 http://www.epa.gov/economics Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification H. Spencer Banzhaf and Eleanor McCormick Correspondence: Spencer Banzhaf Department of Economics Georgia State University P.O. Box 3992 Atlanta, GA30302 (404) 651-6981, [email protected] NCEE Working Paper Series Working Paper # 07-02 January, 2007 DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, although the research described in this paper may have been funded entirely or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review. No official Agency endorsement should be inferred. Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification H. Spencer Banzhaf Georgia State University Eleanor McCormick Resources for the Future Correspondence: Spencer Banzhaf Department of Economics, Georgia State University PO Box 3992, Atlanta, GA 30302 404-651-6981, [email protected] Report Prepared for the National Center for Environmental Economics (EPA) December 2006 This paper reviews the distributional impacts associated with "environmental gentrification" following the cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites, brownfields, and other locally undesirable land uses (LULUs). By making a neighborhood more attractive, cleanup and reuse of LULUs may drive up local real estate prices. -
Defining and Environmental and Sustainability Planning
1. Scope of the book - defining and environmental and sustainability planning 1.1 Planning There are three keys words that need to be defined, or at least have their meaning refined: environmental, sustainability and planning. We’ll start with ‘planning’. ‘Planning’ for the purposes of this book is land use planning. As Thompson and Maginn (2012) note, planning is about making decisions which facilitate future actions. It is mostly seen as applying to cities, to allow for the orderly development of residential areas, employment centres, supporting infrastructure and services. These future actions can either be long-term plan making, in some cases up to 50 years, more short-term decision making like zoning, or more immediate decision making like development approval (for example approval to construct a house). Planning can be legally binding, or statutory, where decision making specifically allows or dis-allows certain land uses. These include zoning of land, subdivision and development approval. Planning also has non statutory elements, for example most strategic plans and policies are used to guide statutory planning but are, for the most part, not legally binding. Planning is not just done by the traditional land use planning agencies (in WA it is the Western Australian Planning Commission and the Department of Planning). National Parks and Nature Reserves are usually vested in, and managed by, conservation or environmental agencies, and these agencies usually have statutory powers to plan and control land uses of these lands. Some agencies have special powers in relation to certain resources, which enables them to apply special land use control over land affected by those resources. -
The Florida Planning Toolbox
THE FLORIDA PLANNING TOOLBOX Funding: The Florida Planning Toolbox was made possible by a grant from the Florida Department of Community Affairs to further regional visioning initiatives in Florida by providing descriptions and examples of planning tools designed to protect and enhance natural resources, promote economic prosperity for all residents, and enable a sustainable quality of life. The Florida Planning Toolbox builds upon a similar product developed in 2006 for the Committee for a Sustainable Emerald Coast, a public-private regional committee established by Executive Order in 2006. That committee’s mission was to develop recommendations concerning long-range planning issues related to ensuring sustainable growth and development in Florida’s four northwesternmost counties (Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, and Walton). About the Toolbox Author: The Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions (CUES) at Florida Atlantic University prepared this toolbox as part of its mission to work with policy makers and the public in their pursuit of options for managing growth while preserving natural systems, promoting a strong economy, and planning livable communities. The toolbox was prepared by CUES Senior Fellow Jean Scott under the guidance of CUES Director James F. Murley and Robert M. Jones, Director of the Florida Conflict Resolution Consortium at Florida State University and the University of Central Florida. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the many local, regional, state, and federal government officials, nonprofit organizations, and Florida planning professionals who generously provided information for this planning toolbox. We would also like to extend a very special thank you to two groups of individuals who gave of their time and expertise to ensure a toolbox of the highest quality: a Peer Review Panel and a Florida Plan- ning Toolbox State Focus Committee. -
Supporting Infill Affordable Rental Housing
August 2014 Supporting infill affordable rental housing STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING POLICY (AFFORDABLE RENTAL HOUSING) 2009 The State Environmental Planning Policy (Affordable Rental Housing) 2009 (AHSEPP) encourages investment in new affordable housing by: • Providing floor space incentives for villa, townhouse and residential flat building development projects in accessible locations where these uses are already permitted, if the projects include affordable rental housing. • Setting clear standards for developing new affordable housing projects. • Ensuring affordable rental housing is designed to be compatible with its locality. Why do we need affordable housing? Throughout NSW there is a strong need for a range of What is the Affordable Rental Housing SEPP? affordable housing options amongst the community. The State Environmental Planning Policy (Affordable This is reflected in figures which show that in February Rental Housing) (AHSEPP) was introduced on 31 July 2010 there were over 47,000 people in NSW on 2009 to increase the supply and diversity of affordable waiting lists for suitable housing accommodation. rental and social housing throughout NSW. It is essential that government at all levels, private The AHSEPP promotes infill affordable rental housing industry and the non-government sector work in in existing residential areas that are accessible by partnership towards finding innovative ways to provide public transport. Developments are required to be well- more affordable housing. located and to be designed to be compatible with the character of the locality. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT INFILL AFFORDABLE RENTAL HOUSING The NSW Government made amendments to the AHSEPP on 20 May 2011 after in a review of the AHSEPP that was carried out after it had been in effect What is affordable rental housing? for a year. -
Strategies to Connect and Integrate Urban Planning and Environmental Planning Through Focusing on Sustainability : Case Study of Cheongju City, Korea
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert Strategies to Connect and Integrate Urban Planning and Environmental Planning Through Focusing On Sustainability : Case Study of Cheongju City, Korea . Ban, Yong Un Assistant Professor, Dept. of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin Dong Heungduk-Ku Cheongju City, Chungbuk-Do, Korea 361-763 e-mail: [email protected] Ban, Yong Un Abstract This study has intended to find strategies which connect and integrate urban planning and environmental conservation planning through acquiring sustainability applied to Cheongju City, a local government of Korea. To overcome inefficiency happened during the process of urban and environmental planning practice in Korea, it is necessary to find strategies to integrate both planning practices through focusing on 'sustainable urban development.' This study, therefore, has suggested to make 'sustainable city development law' for national level and 'sustainable urban development ordinance' for local level, and provided the process and contents of the 'sustainable urban development planning' based on the suggested law and the ordinance, so that unmatched planning period of both plans could be adjusted (for 20 years), and the overlapped contents could be removed through identifying future goal of sustainable development. Keywords: sustainable development, sustainability, integration of urban and environmental planning, sustainable city development, sustainable urban development law and ordinance. Página 123 de 244 Ban, Yong Un 1 Introduction According to Agenda 21, a product of the UN environmental summit convened at Rio in 1992, it is necessary to acquire environmentally sound and sustainable development (ESSD) to solve fundamental crises we are facing today and will face in future in such areas as economy, society, environment, and government.