DOCSLIB.ORG

If You Have Issues Viewing Or Accessing This File Contact Us at NCJRS.Gov

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
If You Have Issues Viewing Or Accessing This File Contact Us at NCJRS.Gov If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. • • IN MEMORY OF THE SIX AMERICANS WHO DIED IN THE WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING, NE\\1 YORK CITY, FEBRUARY, 1993 --- -- -- -------------~------------------------ 155912 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated In this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this ..,:1 ~ material has been granted b:{ • • /FE Pub.L1C DJrnaln_I U. S. f'epartrl.ent of ,Tustice 10 the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of Ihe NCJRS syslem requires permission of the~owner. !~s-9!d- 1 883 BOMB SUMMARY Contents Introduction 2 Glossary of Terms 2 World Trade Center Bombing 3 Bomb Data Center 7 Hazardous Devices School 9 Postal Inspection Service 10 Postal Bomb Recognition 12 Comments 13 Bombing Incidents 15 Incidents by Quarter and Day 16 Incidents by Time of Occurrence 17 Incidents by State - West 18 Incidents by State - South 19 Incidents by State - North Central 20 Incidents by State - East 21 Incidents by Region 22 • Incidents by Target 24 Recovered Explosives 25 Improvised Explosive Devices 26 Filler Material 28 Explosive Fuzing 29 Incendiary Devices 30 Hoax Devices 31 ) Injuries and Deaths 32 L " .. ". Staff: Ricl< Redman Bomb Scene Card 33 \, Project Manager Assassination Attempt 34 Susan Jacobs i Aviation Explosives Security 36 Editor i Crisis Management 37 Helen Cimini {, f" ~l>, Bomb Threat Cards 38 L! ' Editor ;: tJr Incident Report B~C,JRS i " Raymond Rozycl<i 39 I " ~ ~ Designer ! !'-:'J , "" AUG 3Jl. Y99S I) -~--- Ii <:r:;~ .~ --;'~'?)',j I. L.:." _ -, " ,,~~ f.\CQUiSIT'(,,\M~ 1 883 BOMB SUMMARY he FBI Bomb Data Center CBDC) collects and reports bombing informa­ tion to public safety agencies, elected officials and other interested parties. • The graphs and tables contained in the body of the summary reflect the use of explosive and incendiary devices by criminals in the United States. Statistics show criminals are increasingly using these devices to facilitate unlawful purposes. This places the public and law enforcement personnel at greater risk. The information contained in the charts comes from bombing incidents that happened in 1993 in the United States and its territories. Also presented are statistics regarding hoax devices, recoveries of explosives and accidental explosions. State and local public safety agencies make a significant contribution in reporting these types of incidents to the FBI. In addition, the BDC gathers information from the Postal Inspection Service; Military Explosive Ordnance Disposal units; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. The BDC makes every effort to accurately report all bombing inci­ dents to you. Special thanks go to the agencies mentioned above whose input makes our goal obtainable. • incendiarY boDlbiftg: GLOSS~Y An actual or attempted ignition of a device construct­ ed with flammable materials that induce burning. actual bOnwbi.,..g: Since incendialY bombings are commonly referred to An illegal detonation or ignition of an explosive or as firebombings, they are often considered to be incendiary device. Included is the premature detona­ arson. However, the use of a bona fide device is con­ tion or ignition of a device while it is being prepared. sidered to be a bombing regardless of the intent or resultant effects. transported or placed. att;enIPted bolnbin9: motive: The impulse, emotion or desire that moves a person An unsuccessful attempt to illegally detonate or ignite an explosive or incendiary device. The failure to perpetrate a violation of a federal, state or local law pertaining to the illegal detonation of an explo­ of a device to detonate or ignite resulting from the malfunction or the disarmament of the device prior sive or incendiary device. to functioning. tiline: explOsjVe bolmlbing: The time of day an actual bombing occurs. In an An illegal detonation, either actual or attempted, attempted bombing, the time of day is defined when of a device constructed with high or low explosive the device is discovered after it malfunctions, or when the device is found and dismantled prior to materials. detonation or ignition. • , '. .t ~', ' ,~~ , "" Federal Bureau of Investigation World Trade Center Bombing .. , \ .If '" '... :.' -"1 <;'9 ... ~; ~ , '-.~,;:~~ . , ~ '\ " \ . ." '. ,~ . ; . , , '. " '~ 'It ":s". " ~ '\\ ~ "',.+l. '. ", l ,r Scene from the World Trade Center after the bombing. The exten­ , "\ sive damage to the complex caused by the explosion is evident. There were approximately Eiday, February 50,000 people in the WTC complex at the time of the 26,1993, at 12:18 p.m., a massive explosion occUlTed explosion. The blast killed six and injurecl15 people. on the B-2 level of the parking garage at the World Main and backup power generators went off-line Trade Center (WTC) in New York City. By the next because the blast shut off the WTC's exhaust system. day, it had become eminently clear to law enforce­ This seriously compounded the number of smoke­ ment officials that a bomb caused the explosion, not a related injuries-more than 1,000. gas leak. The bomb consisted of approximately 1,200 pounds of explosives, making it one of the largest The bomb caused enormous damage to the under­ homemade devices ever seen in the u.s. It created a ground parking area of the WTC and the connecting crater 150 feet in diameter and five stories high. Vista Hotel. Located directly above the blast, the l'l hotel took most of the force of the explosion. The \l , \. ". -"'.;" It" I" \, 1993 BOMB SUMMARY \ /, 'j. A"~, "", '~\" f blast perforated six levels of the parking garage and destroyed cars as far as three or four stories $2 000 000 below and 600 feet from the center of the explosion. Property damage amounted to over half a billion dollars. The WTC had to be closed for a month, causing severe problems for the 350 businesses within the complex. Due to the loss of life, At approximately 12 noon on February 26. 1993. a massive explosion rocked the World Trade numerous injuries, extensive Center in New York City. causing millions of dollars in damage. The t~rrorists who bombed the World Trade Center murdered six innocent people. injured over 1.000 others. and left terrified school damage, and economic loss, the children trapped for hours in smoke filled elevators. bombing of the WTC is consid­ Following the bombing, law enforcement officials obtained eVidence which led to the ered the single largest interna­ indictments and arrests of several suspected terrorists involved in the bombing. RAMZI AHMED tional terrorist incident ever YOUSEF. one of those indicted. fled the United States immediately after the bombing to avoid arrest. conducted on U.S. soil. YOUSEF is now a fugitive from justice. YOUSEF was born in Iraq or Kuwait. possesses Iraqi and Pakistani passports. and also claims to be a citizen of the United Arab Emirates. Because of the Immediately after the bombing, nature of the crimes for which he is charged. YOUSEF should be considered armed and extremely dangerous. a coordinated effort between fed­ eral, state, and local law enforce­ The United States Department of State is offering a reward of up to $2.000.000 for information leading t.o the apprehension and prosecution of YOUSEF. If you have information about ment agencies began to process YOUSEF or the World Trade Center bombing. contact the authorities. or the nearest U.S. embassy or the crime scene to determine consulate. In the United States. call your local office of the Fo.deral Bureau of Investigation or who was responsible for this 1-BOO-HEROES1. or write to: HEROES incident. The United States Post Office BOK 96781 Secret Service; the United States Washington, D.C. 20090 - 6781 Immigration and Naturalization U.S.A. Service (INS); the United States Customs Service; the United States Department of State (USDS); the Bureau of Alcohol, RAMZI AHMED YOUSEF Tobacco and Firearms; the New DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH: May 20. 1967 and/orApl'il27.1968 York City Police Department; the PLACE OF BIRTH: Iraq. Kuwait. or United Arab Emirates New York City Transit Police; HEIGHT: 6' the New York State Police; and WEIGHT: 180 pounds BUILD: medium the Port Authority of New York HAIR: brown and New jersey (PA-NYNj) as EYES: brown well as other local agencies par­ COMPLEXION; olive SEX: male ticipated with the FBI in this RACE: white investigation. CHARACTERISTICS: sometimes is clean shaven ALIASES; Ramzi A. Yousef, Ramzi Ahmad Yousef. Ramzi Yousef. Ramzi Yousef Ahmad. Forensic Ramzi Yousef Ahmed. Rasheed Yousef. Rashid Rashid. Rashed, Kamallbraham. Science Work Kamal Abraham. Abraham Kamal. Muhammad Azan. Khurram Khan. at the Crime Abdul Basit. Scene Three hundred law enforcement officials were The inVl'stigation was dangerous and enon11tl1.lsly assigned to do the forensic examinations of the crime complex. Before forensic analyses could even begin, scene, including 70 specially trained FBI Agents. The crews had to make the area stmcturally sound. There PA-NYNj provided the FBI with hundreds of thou­ were worries about dust and carcinogens in the air as sands of dollars worth of equipment to process the well as the Freon tanks of the air-conditioning system Clime scene and aSSigned 1,700 personnel to do the bursting. Raw sewage, rotting food, and i11lermittent reconstmction work on the building once the forensic fires erupting from gas and fuel leaks complicated investigation was completed. matters even more. Despite these hazardous concH- • . ~ .- \ . ", .~ ~"t~, • tions though, only three people were injured among Investigators conducted a search of Abouhalima's resi­ the 2,000 people involved in the crime scene process­ dence in Avenell, New Jersey.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AMENDED COMPLAINT ) CAMILLE DOYLE, in Her Own Right As the ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED Mother of JOSEPH M
    IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA THOMAS E. BURNETT, SR., in his own right as ) the Father of THOMAS E. BURNETT, JR., ) CIVIL ACTION Deceased ) ) Case Number 1:02CV01616 BEVERLY BURNETT, in her own right as the ) Mother of THOMAS E. BURNETT, JR., ) Deceased ) ) DEENA BURNETT, in her own right and as ) Representative of the ESTATE OF THOMAS E. ) BURNETT, JR., Deceased ) ) MARY MARGARET BURNETT, in her own ) right as the Sister of THOMAS E. BURNETT, ) JR., Deceased ) ) MARTHA BURNETT O’BRIEN, in her own right ) as the Sister of THOMAS E. BURNETT, JR., ) Deceased ) ) WILLIAM DOYLE, SR., in his own right as the ) Father of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) AMENDED COMPLAINT ) CAMILLE DOYLE, in her own right as the ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED Mother of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) ) WILLIAM DOYLE, JR., in his own right as the ) Brother of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) ) DOREEN LUTTER, in her own right as the Sister ) of JOSEPH M. DOYLE, Deceased ) ) DR. STEPHEN ALDERMAN, in his own right ) and as Co-Representative of the ESTATE OF ) PETER CRAIG ALDERMAN, Deceased ) ) ELIZABETH ALDERMAN, in her own right and ) as Co-Representative of the ESTATE OF PETER ) CRAIG ALDERMAN, Deceased ) ) JANE ALDERMAN, in her own right as the Sister ) of PETER CRAIG ALDERMAN, Deceased ) ) YVONNE V. ABDOOL, in her own right as an ) Injured Party ) ALFRED ACQUAVIVA, in his own right as the ) Father of PAUL ANDREW ACQUAVIVA, ) Deceased ) ) JOSEPHINE ACQUAVIVA, in her own right as ) the Mother of PAUL ANDREW ACQUAVIVA, ) Deceased ) ) KARA HADFIELD,
    [Show full text]
  • The Open Door How Militant Islamic Terrorists Entered and Remained in the United States, 1993-2001 by Steven A
    Center for Immigration Studies The Open Door How Militant Islamic Terrorists Entered and Remained in the United States, 1993-2001 By Steven A. Camarota Center for Immigration Studies Center for 1 Center Paper 21 Center for Immigration Studies About the Author Steven A. Camarota is Director of Research at the Center for Immigration Studies in Wash- ington, D.C. He holds a master’s degree in political science from the University of Pennsyl- vania and a Ph.D. in public policy analysis from the University of Virginia. Dr. Camarota has testified before Congress and has published widely on the political and economic ef- fects of immigration on the United States. His articles on the impact of immigration have appeared in both academic publications and the popular press including Social Science Quarterly, The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, Campaigns and Elections, and National Review. His most recent works published by the Center for Immigration Studies are: The New Ellis Islands: Examining Non-Traditional Areas of Immigrant Settlement in the 1990s, Immigration from Mexico: Assessing the Impact on the United States, The Slowing Progress of Immigrants: An Examination of Income, Home Ownership, and Citizenship, 1970-2000, Without Coverage: Immigration’s Impact on the Size and Growth of the Population Lacking Health Insurance, and Reconsidering Immigrant Entrepreneurship: An Examination of Self- Employment Among Natives and the Foreign-born. About the Center The Center for Immigration Studies, founded in 1985, is a non-profit, non-partisan re- search organization in Washington, D.C., that examines and critiques the impact of immi- gration on the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Origination, Organization, and Prevention: Saudi Arabia, Terrorist Financing and the War on Terror”
    Testimony of Steven Emerson with Jonathan Levin Before the United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs “Terrorism Financing: Origination, Organization, and Prevention: Saudi Arabia, Terrorist Financing and the War on Terror” July 31, 2003 Steven Emerson Executive Director The Investigative Project 5505 Conn. Ave NW #341 Washington DC 20015 Email: [email protected] phone 202-363-8602 fax 202 966 5191 Introduction Terrorism depends upon the presence of three primary ingredients: Indoctrination, recruitment and financing. Take away any one of those three ingredients and the chances for success are geometrically reduced. In the nearly two years since the horrific attacks of 9/11, the war on terrorism has been assiduously fought by the US military, intelligence and law enforcement. Besides destroying the base that Al Qaeda used in Afghanistan, the United States has conducted a comprehensive campaign in the United States to arrest, prosecute, deport or jail those suspected of being connected to terrorist cells. The successful prosecution of terrorist cells in Detroit and Buffalo and the announcement of indictments against suspected terrorist cells in Portland, Seattle, northern Virginia, Chicago, Tampa, Brooklyn, and elsewhere have demonstrated the resolve of those on the front line in the battle against terrorism. Dozens of groups, financial conduits and financiers have seen their assets frozen or have been classified as terrorist by the US Government. One of the most sensitive areas of investigation remains the role played by financial entities and non-governmental organizations (ngo’s) connected to or operating under the aegis of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Since the July 24 release of the “Report of the Joint Inquiry into the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001,” the question of what role Saudi Arabia has played in supporting terrorism, particularly Al Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks, has come under increasing scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • MIDANPIRG/15 International Civil Aviation Organization Middle East
    MIDANPIRG/15 International Civil Aviation Organization Middle East Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group Fifteenth Meeting (MIDANPIRG/15) (Bahrain, 8 – 11 June 2015) List of Participants 10 June 2015 NAME TITLE & ADDRESS STATES BAHRAIN Mr. Ali Ahmed Mohammed Director Air Navigation Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Saleem Mohamed Hassan Chief, Air Traffic Management Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Ahmed Ali Al-Sayed Head of Air Navigation Projects Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Salah Mohamed Alhumood Chief of Airports and Air Navigation Audits Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Abdul Latif Ahmed Bucheeri AND Safety Manager Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Fareed Ibrahim Bucheeri Head of Search and Rescue Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Mohamed Ali Saleh Chief Aeronautical Telecommunication Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Rashed Saleh Al Joben A/Chief Standards, Licensing & Development Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN - 2 - NAME TITLE & ADDRESS Mr. Mohammed Hassan Al-Asfoor Chief of Electronics Engineering Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Abdulla Hasan Al Qadhi A/Chief of Aeronautical Information Management and Airspace Planning Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Mohammed Yousif Bumtaia Head of Airspace Planning Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Yaseen Hassan Al Sayed Head Aero Telecomms Networks Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Salah Mohammed Ismail Acting/Head of ATM Technical Support Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Fareed Mohammed Alabbasi Tower – Head of Air Traffic Operator Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr. Hussain Ali Hamada Electronics Engineer Civil Aviation Affairs KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research and Prevention
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research and Prevention Author(s): Mark S. Hamm Document No.: 211203 Date Received: September 2005 Award Number: 2003-DT-CX-0002 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research, and Prevention Award #2003 DT CX 0002 Mark S. Hamm Criminology Department Indiana State University Terre Haute, IN 47809 Final Final Report Submitted: June 1, 2005 This project was supported by Grant No. 2003-DT-CX-0002 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .............................................................. iv Executive Summary....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sayyid Qutb's Ties to Extremists
    Sayyid Qutb’s Ties to Extremists www.counterextremism.com | @FightExtremism Sayyid Qutb’s Ties to Extremists Key Points Qutb was a chief ideologue of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt who was also widely popular on the Egyptian street. The Egyptian government executed him in 1966 for promoting the overthrow of the state. Qutb popularized the concepts of takfir— excommunication of Muslim apostates—and jahiliyya— the deplorable state of ignorance prior to the revelation of the Quran that has enveloped the secular Muslim community as well as non-Muslims. Qutb wrote that only the creation of an Islamic state ruled by sharia (Islamic law) could end the state of jahiliyya. Qutb is widely considered the progenitor of the modern jihadist movement as his writings directly inspired the Muslim Brotherhood and notorious extremists who passed through the organization, including Osama bin Laden of al-Qaeda, Abu Bakr al- Baghdadi of ISIS, and the founders of Palestinian Islamic Jihad. 1 2 Often referred to as the father of modern Islamism, Egyptian author Sayyid Qutb was a lead theologian of the Muslim Brotherhood in the mid-20th century. Qutb’s hardline interpretations of the Quran and his excoriation of the failures of Western society inspired the modern jihadist movement and led the Egyptian government to execute him in 1966. His influence can be seen in violent groups such as al-Qaeda, ISIS, and the Taliban, and among such notable extremists such as Osama bin Laden, Abu Bakr al- Baghdadi, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. Terrorism expert Paul Berman at one point dubbed Qutb “the intellectual hero of every one of the groups that eventually went into Al Qaeda, their Karl Marx (to put it that way), their guide.”1 Qutb’s writings helped inform the Islamist ideology known as Qutbism, which advocates violent jihad—including the killing of secular Muslims—in order to implement sharia (Islamic law).
    [Show full text]
  • With Liberty and Justice for All: an Examination of the United States' Compliance with Rule of Law As It Relates to Domestic and International Terrorism
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2018 With Liberty and Justice for All: An Examination of the United States' Compliance with Rule of Law as it relates to Domestic and International Terrorism Jonathan William Maze Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the International Relations Commons Repository Citation Maze, Jonathan William, "With Liberty and Justice for All: An Examination of the United States' Compliance with Rule of Law as it relates to Domestic and International Terrorism" (2018). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1962. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1962 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL: AN EXAMINATION OF THE UNITED STATES’ COMPLIANCE WITH RULE OF LAW AS IT RELATES TO DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By JONATHAN WILLIAM MAZE B.A., Wright State University, 2013 2018 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL April 19, 2018 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Jonathan William Maze ENTITLED With Liberty and Justice for All: An Examination of the United States’ Compliance with Rule of Law as it relates to Domestic and International Terrorism BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 110 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 110 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 153 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, JULY 16, 2007 No. 113 House of Representatives The House met at 12:30 p.m. and was fluence China through economic activ- bishops, Protestant church leaders, called to order by the Speaker pro tem- ity to better respect the rights of its Muslim worshipers, Falun Gong fol- pore (Ms. HIRONO). citizens to fundamental human rights. lowers, and Buddhist monks and nuns; f Instead, we have seen why the pro- Human organ harvesting and selling; tection of basic liberties should not Sophisticated system of espionage DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO come second to economic growth. The against the U.S. government and TEMPORE China today is worse than the China of American businesses; The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- yesterday, or of last year, or of the last World’s leading producer of pirated fore the House the following commu- decade. products. nication from the Speaker: And now, in addition to all of the Then there’s China’s foray into horrible things the Chinese govern- WASHINGTON, DC, July 16, 2007. Sudan, selling weapons to the very gov- I hereby appoint the Honorable MAZIE K. ment does to its own citizens, it is ernment orchestrating the genocide in HIRONO to act as Speaker pro tempore on doing to other countries’ citizens as Darfur. this day. well. And despite all of these abhorrent NANCY PELOSI, Just read the headlines: acts, China was still awarded the honor Speaker of the House of Representatives.
    [Show full text]
  • SIGINT for Anyone
    THE ORIGINS OF AMERICA’S JIHADISTS THE ORIGINS OF AMERICA’S About This Perspective The U.S. homeland faces a multilayered threat from terrorist organizations. Homegrown jihadists account for most of the terrorist activity in the United States since 9/11. Efforts by jihadist terrorist organizations to inspire terrorist attacks in the United States have thus far yielded meager results. No American jihadist group has emerged to sustain a terrorist campaign, and there is no evidence of an active jihadist underground to support a continuing terrorist holy war. The United States has invested significant resources in THE ORIGINS OF preventing terrorist attacks, and authorities have been able to uncover and thwart most of the terrorist plots. This Perspective identifies 86 plots to carry out terrorist attacks and 22 actual attacks since 9/11 involving 178 planners and perpetrators. Eighty-seven percent of those planners and perpetrators had long residencies in the United States. Only four of them had come to the United States illegally, all as minors. Nationality is a poor predictor of later terrorist activity, and vetting people coming to the United States, no matter how rigorous, cannot identify those who radicalize here. Determining whether a young teenager might, more than 12 years later, turn out to be a jihadist AMERICA’S terrorist would require the bureaucratic equivalent of divine foresight. Jenkins JIHADISTS Brian Michael Jenkins $21.00 ISBN-10 0-8330-9949-3 ISBN-13 978-0-8330-9949-5 52100 C O R P O R A T I O N www.rand.org Perspective EXPERT INSIGHTS ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUE C O R P O R A T I O N 9 780833 099495 R PE-251-RC (2017) barcode_template_CC15.indd 1 10/17/17 12:00 PM Contents Summary of Key Judgments ..................................................................................1 The Origins of America’s Jihadists .........................................................................3 Appendix .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE PROLONGED RELIGIOUS WAVE of TERRORISM a Thesis
    THE PROLONGED RELIGIOUS WAVE OF TERRORISM A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Pamela Claudia Cerria, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April 7, 2017 THE PROLONGED RELIGIOUS WAVE OF TERRORISM Pamela Claudia Cerria, B.A. MALS Mentor: Dr. R. Nicholas Palarino, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The religious wave of terrorism continues to dominate modern terrorism and pose transnational threats. The religious wave emerged in 1979 with the Iranian revolution, and David Rapoport has identified that if it follows the pattern of its three predecessors, the wave could disappear by 2025. This thesis analyzes the elements that are expected to prolong the wave of religious terrorism beginning with the evaluation of the history of international terrorism. Rapoport’s four main waves of modern terrorism serve as the backdrop for this thesis: first - the anarchist led movement; second - the anti-colonial movement; third - the new leftist movement; and fourth - the current religious wave with Islam at the heart. The five influential elements that determine the success of each wave are the terrorist organizations, diaspora population, states, sympathetic foreign publics, and super national organizations. The resiliency of the dominant terror organization in this wave, the Islamic State, plays a large role in the endurance of this wave. The Islamic State is evaluated against the four principles of the Aristotelian model of causality: material, formal, efficient, and final in order to assess them with a formalized model that adds rigor and completeness to the complex situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Al-Qaeda: History, Ideology and Infrastructure
    Syracuse University SURFACE Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects Projects Spring 5-1-2006 Understanding al-Qaeda: History, Ideology and Infrastructure Sarah Dickens Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, and the Other International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Dickens, Sarah, "Understanding al-Qaeda: History, Ideology and Infrastructure" (2006). Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects. 653. https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone/653 This Honors Capstone Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Understanding al-Qaeda: History, Ideology and Infrastructure Sarah Dickens Candidate for B.A. Degree in International Relations with Honors May 2006 APPROVED Thesis Project Advisor: Professor Michael Barkun Second Reader: Professor Guitty Khorsand-Tabatabai Date: April 19, 2006 i PREFACE Intellectual discovery is much like a tapestry. Weaving the threads of research, analysis, introspection, and critical thinking, discovery leads to new questions while seeking answers. The process of researching and composing Understanding al-Qaeda: History, Ideology, and Infrastructure has been a meaningful journey, fusing my academic experiences in the fields of International Relations and Middle Eastern Studies. This project began as an inquiry on changes in US counter-terrorism procedure since the devastating attacks on September 11, 2001. However, it was not long before I realized that, like many areas of study, counter-terrorism is one which requires a foundation if it is to be analyzed insightfully.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism on Trial: the Trials of Al Qaeda, 36 Case W
    Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 36 | Issue 2 2004 Terrorism on Trial: The rT ials of al Qaeda Andrew C. McCarthy Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Andrew C. McCarthy, Terrorism on Trial: The Trials of al Qaeda, 36 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 513 (2004) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol36/iss2/18 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. TERRORISM ON TRIAL: THE TRIALS OF AL QAEDA* Andrew C. McCarthyt The intersection of international terrorism and the American criminal justice system is a true pressure point on our legal landscape. Much of the discussion, regrettably, is of the "two ships passing in the night" variety. The answer to the question whether the criminal justice system "works" for terrorism varies based on what one is trying to accomplish. That is to say: it depends on whom you ask. A. The Due Process Perspective If the question is posed to legal specialists (judges, prosecutors, defense counsel, and academics who watch this area closely), it tends to be taken as an inquiry about due process, to wit: Can we provide trials for accused terrorists that comport with American standards of justice, notwithstanding the complex challenges inherent when national security is at risk? If that is what the "do trials work" question really means, we needn't speculate.
    [Show full text]